Biology Final

Deforestation may contribute toward climate change because

loss of trees disrupts the carbon cycle, limiting the amount that is absorbed by plants, and increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

DNA replication makes a(n) ________ copy of the DNA strand, while transcription makes a(n) ________ copy of the DNA strand.

DNA; mRNA

Most of the world's freshwater supply is used for

irrigating crops

Digestion in humans and earthworms

is similar in that both organisms, digestion is an extracellular process, occurring in a complete digestive tract

Desertification and deforestation are similar in that both involve

loss of plant and animal life in an area

In which ways does overfishing lead to decreased biodiversity?

It depletes fish that feed on some species and serve as food sources for other species, leading to the eradication of some species and the overpopulation of others

What is the main reason that the tundra does not have large plants?

The permafrost persists, even during the summer

The world today derives the majority of its energy from which of the following sources?

coal and oil

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?

communication

Chromosomes are made from

condensed chromatin

Plant cells have plasmodesmata that

connect the cytoplasm of one cell with that of another

At what age do bones reach their peak density?

early adulthood

An atom with a neutral charge has

equal numbers of protons and electrons

Proteins must be ingested in order to obtain

essential amino acids

Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of ________.

fat

Without tight junctions in certain tissues,

fluids may leak out past the barrier the junction would create

Which of the following groups is suspected of causing climate change?

fossil fuel usage, deforestation, and agriculture

Which of the following is not a renewable resource?

fossil fuels

During crossing-over,

genetic material is exchanged between nonsister chromatids, resulting in new combinations of alleles.

Which of the following is an incorrect match of molecule to the location where it is principally used?

glucose - lysosome

What does the folding of the mitochondrial inner membrane provide?

greater surface area for ATP production

The major cause of the loss in Earth's biodiversity is

habitat loss

use of aquaculture aquafarming

important natural resources are being consumed more quickly than they can be replenished

Micronutrients

include vitamins and minerals.

In bacterial cells and plant cells, cell walls function in

maintaining cell shape.

In the human life cycle,

meiosis produces haploid gametes, and fertilization creates a diploid cell that divides by mitosis to produce a new individual.

Muscle tissue has all of the following properties except ________.

secretion

sending out messages by nerve impulse and hormones.

sending out messages by nerve impulse and hormones

The nervous system and endocrine system control the body's functions by

sending out messages by nerve impulse and hormones.

Which of the following is an incorrect match?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum - storage of water

Plants store their sugar in the form of

starch

Cell size is limited because ________ is critical to a cell's function.

surface-area-to-volume ratio

Chemical bonds involve

the giving, taking, or sharing of electrons.

Which base is found in DNA, but not in RNA?

thymine

Which nitrogen-containing base is found in DNA but not in RNA?

thymine

Water is a major limiting factor in which of the following biomes?

tundra

Most metabolic wastes leave the body through the production of ________ by the ________.

urine; urinary system

Which of the following creates the least amount of soil erosion?

use of drip irrigation systems

Which of the following lists the levels of biological organization in order from simplest to most complex?

cell, cardiac muscle, heart, cardiovascular system, human

The main structural component of a plant cell wall is

cellulose

Wood and cotton cloth are composed of

cellulose

Chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar in that they both

contain DNA

Inside a living cell, which type of bond would be the most stable?

covalent

All cells have some characteristics in common; both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have

cytoplasm, a plasma membrane, and DNA

What molecule most directly provides the energy you need for your muscles to contract?

ATP

As humans continue to use fossil fuels as a primary source of energy, the amount of carbon entering the atmosphere from fossil fuel combustion will continue to increase dramatically. What is the effect of large-scale deforestation on the carbon in the atmosphere?

Because trees are a major sink for atmospheric carbon, fewer trees will result in less carbon being removed from the atmosphere for photosynthesis

Which statement below is correct when comparing plant and animal cells?

Both plant and animal cells have a plasma membrane, and plant cells also have a cell wall

Which of the following is not an organic molecule?

CaCO

What is the first step in energy flow through an ecosystem?

Producers absorb solar energy

________ is the study of the structure and function of cellular proteins and their interactions; ________ may be employed to use computer algorithms to aid this process.

Proteomics; bioinformatics

The best definition of a nutrient is

a food component which performs a physiological function in the body

If your body is dehydrated, the control center in the brain will stimulate the release of a hormone which causes the reabsorption of water into the blood during urine formation. When the control center senses that enough water is reabsorbed, it will stop the release of the hormone. This is an example of

a negative feedback mechanism

Muscle tone is ________.

a state of sustained partial contraction

Forests help to regulate the global climate by

absorbing carbon dioxide

The figure below shows a cell in the mitotic stage of

anaphase

You are looking at a cell under a microscope and see what appears to be several "X" structures being pulled to each side of the cell. What stage of meiosis are you looking at?

anaphase I

The main goal of conservation biology is to

apply scientific principles to preserving and restoring ecosystems

Which organisms have been modified to produce insulin, blood clotting factor VIII, and human growth hormone?

bacteria

A karyotype shows chromosomes arranged by

banding patterns, size, and shape.

Without receptor proteins, a cell would not be able to

bind to signal proteins from other parts of the body

Mercury can enter an aquatic food chain and collect in fish as well as people who eat fish. This is an example of which of the following processes?

biological magnification

Mitochondria are found in

both plant cells and animal cells.

Movement of body parts directly requires the

muscular system and skeletal system

Bacteria hold their DNA is region inside of their outer membrane. What is this region called?

nucleoid

In the diagram below, the monomer that serves as the subunit to creating this organic molecule category is called

nucleotide

The single most important risk for skin cancer is ________.

overexposure to UV radiation

Fermentation occurs if

oxygen is not present

Which feature is found in all cells?

plasma membrane composed of phospholipids

Both plants and animals need mitochondria to

produce ATP

Which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

The addition of electrons and/or hydrogen atoms to a substrate is called what?

reduction

Hydropower and wind power are similar in that both are

renewable energy sources.

Which of the following organelles is not surrounded by a membrane?

ribosomes

Which of the following terrestrial ecosystems has the highest rate of primary productivity?

tropical rainforest

Which of the following has not contributed to declines in the world fish catch in recent years?

use of aquaculture aquafarming

Which of the following organelles would form a membrane-bound package, also known as a vesicle?

Golgi apparatus

Homeostasis maintains various levels within a narrow range only if environmental conditions do not fluctuate much.

False

Most skeletal muscles contain ________.

a mixture of fiber types

Energy needs are supplied by

carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins

Carbohydrates are typically broken down to

glucose, the molecule used as the energy source in cells

Humans store excess polysaccharides in the form of

glycogen

A plant that uses CAM photosynthesis is most likely to be successful in what type of environment?

hot, dry

The figure below is depicting the interaction of water molecules with one another, which involves the use of

hydrogen bonds

The type of bond that would form from the transfer of an electron from one atom to another, shown below, is a(n) ________ bond.

ionic

Which organelle is required for producing ATP for cellular work?

mitochondria