Biology Final
Describe the amphioxus and tell why it is in the same phylum as the vertebrates
Amphioxus - typical notochord retaining organism • because it has a notochord at some point of its life cycle
What are the 3 major types of blood vessels?
Arteries - carry blood away from the heart Veins - carry blood back to the heart Capillaries - supply tissues with nutrients and oxygen and get rid of waste and carbon dioxide
What are the 2 major groups of endoskeletons and what are the major bones in each?
Axial skeleton - vertebral column, skull & ribs Appendicular skeleton - pectoral and pelvic girdle and limbs
What are the 5 major parts of the nervous system?
Brain, spinal chord, cranial nerves, and sensory organs
List and describe 3 characteristics of organisms in the phylum Chordata
Dorsal notochord - rod of tough, flexible tissue running the length of the animals body, serving as its primary support Dorsal tubular nerve chord - it and the brain connected at the anterior end of the chord - compose the main part of the animals nervous system Pharyngeal pouches - in aquatic animals these will become parts of the lower face, neck, and upper chest
Describe what it means to be ectothermic and endothermic and list 5 animals that are ectothermic and 5 that are endothermic
Ectothermic - organism cannot generate their own heat • lizards, snakes, fish, sharks, amphibians Endothermic - organism can generate their own heat • birds, dogs, lions, tigers, cats
What are the 2 basic types of fertilization? Which one is in water and which one is in water and on land?
External - water Internal - land and water
Why is blood red?
Hemoglobin (oxygenated red pigment)
What are the 3 basic feeding methods found in vertebrates?
Herbivores - plants Carnivores - meat Omnivores - both plants and meat
List and describe the 3 basic methods of development of vertebrae embryos
Oviparous - hatch from egg outside of mother Viviparous - live birth Ovoviviparous - grow and hatch from eggs inside the mother and then offspring emerge
List the 5 brain lobes and tell the primary function of each
•Olfactory - smell •Cerebrum - voluntary