Biology Final

Describe the amphioxus and tell why it is in the same phylum as the vertebrates

Amphioxus - typical notochord retaining organism • because it has a notochord at some point of its life cycle

What are the 3 major types of blood vessels?

Arteries - carry blood away from the heart Veins - carry blood back to the heart Capillaries - supply tissues with nutrients and oxygen and get rid of waste and carbon dioxide

What are the 2 major groups of endoskeletons and what are the major bones in each?

Axial skeleton - vertebral column, skull & ribs Appendicular skeleton - pectoral and pelvic girdle and limbs

What are the 5 major parts of the nervous system?

Brain, spinal chord, cranial nerves, and sensory organs

List and describe 3 characteristics of organisms in the phylum Chordata

Dorsal notochord - rod of tough, flexible tissue running the length of the animals body, serving as its primary support Dorsal tubular nerve chord - it and the brain connected at the anterior end of the chord - compose the main part of the animals nervous system Pharyngeal pouches - in aquatic animals these will become parts of the lower face, neck, and upper chest

Describe what it means to be ectothermic and endothermic and list 5 animals that are ectothermic and 5 that are endothermic

Ectothermic - organism cannot generate their own heat • lizards, snakes, fish, sharks, amphibians Endothermic - organism can generate their own heat • birds, dogs, lions, tigers, cats

What are the 2 basic types of fertilization? Which one is in water and which one is in water and on land?

External - water Internal - land and water

Why is blood red?

Hemoglobin (oxygenated red pigment)

What are the 3 basic feeding methods found in vertebrates?

Herbivores - plants Carnivores - meat Omnivores - both plants and meat

List and describe the 3 basic methods of development of vertebrae embryos

Oviparous - hatch from egg outside of mother Viviparous - live birth Ovoviviparous - grow and hatch from eggs inside the mother and then offspring emerge

List the 5 brain lobes and tell the primary function of each

•Olfactory - smell •Cerebrum - voluntary