biology final exam

If 0.9% NaCl were isotonic to a cell, then

1.0% would be hypertonic

Which cellular structure is responsible for packaging materials with the cell?

Golgi apparatus

Of the following conditions, which is absolutely necessary for diffusion to take place?

a concentration gradient

oxygen diffuses into the capillaries of the lungs because there is

a higher concentration of CO2 in the alveoli than the capillaries

When you cut into most active plant tissue, water appears almost immediately because plant cells are in

a hypotonic solution that produces turgor pressure

When a substance moves from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration while using energy, the process is termed

active transport

the number of mitochondria in a cell would be a general indicator of the extent of

active transport

the cell theory states

all cells come only from other cells.

centrioles

are composed of microtubule triplets

surface area to volume ratio indicates

as cells get larger, their surface area gets larger but at a slower rate than the volume increases.

which of the following is a prokaryotic cell?

bacterium

Carrier molecules are required for

both facilitated diffusion and active transport

which is NOT a correct association of cell organelles and function?

cell wall-- regulate molecule passage in and out of animal cells

which type of cells will have modifications that increase the surface-area-to-volume ratio?

cells that specialize in absorption

which organelle will give off oxygen and use up carbon dioxide in plants?

chloroplasts

Thylakoids and cristae are respectively structures of

chloroplasts and mitochondria

which of the following molecules add stiffness and strength to the plasma membrane?

cholesterol

Which nuclear structure(s) contain(s) the hereditary material?

chromatin

which of the following structures are NOT found in the cytoplasm?

chromosomes

Once a solute and a solvent are evenly distributed in a solution, they will

continue to move about but with no net movement to higher concentration

An agent would make a good antibiotic if it affected a structure or process only found in bacterial cells and not in our (eukaryotic) cells. Which of the following actions would theoretically make a good antibiotic?

damages the nuclear membrane

A student sitting on the back row opened a bottle of foul-smelling perfume and dabbed it on her wrists. One-by-one (beginning from the back of the room) the students began to cough due to the foul smell. This phenomena was due to

diffusion

which of the following refers to materials only leaving the cell?

endocytosis

A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will

gain water

which components of a cell membrane are used for cell-to-cell recognition?

glycoproteins

all of the following are possible origins of cell organelles in eukaryotes EXCEPT

groups of prokaryotic cells begin to live in a small group, sharing products of metabolism.

The term hypertonic means

higher solute concentration

If you have a 10% sugar solution and a 35% sugar solution how does the 10% solution compare to the 35% solution?

hypotonic

which of the following is not true regarding active transport?

is associated with large number of mitochondria

An isotonic solution means that the solute concentration outside the cell

is the same as inside the cell

which is true of facilitated transport by carrier proteins?

it is represented by the glucose carrier that can transport hundreds of molecules a second

which of the following is not a function of the cell membrane?

it serves as a site of protein synthesis

When a lysosome fuses with a vacuole,

its contents are digested.

Compared with a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell

lacks organelles beyond ribosomes

which statement is false concerning the movement of molecules across the cell membrane?

lipid molecules do not pass through easily

the plasma membrane is composed of

lipids and proteins

which organelle has 13 rows of tubular dimers around an empty central core?

microtubules

which organelle will use up oxygen and give off carbon dioxide and water?

mitochondria

cellular respiration is best associated with the

mitochondrion

Molecules such as glucose and amino acids are NOT lipid soluble and therefore they

must be engulfed by a cell using endocytosis

both animal and plant cells have mitochondria because they both

need ATP for energy

According to cell theory

new cells arise only from preexisting cells.

Our body recognizes the foreign nature of a parasite or disease agent and we soon build up antibodies. A few parasites can change their identity to evade our immune system. How could cells do this on a regular basis?

new glycoproteins are produced in the cell and moved the plasma membrane

Which eukaryotic organelle is the largest?

nucleus

Within eukaryotic cells, the ____ is surrounded by a double membrane and carries the coding that determines protein synthesis.

nucleus

red blood cells come in many blood types including A,B,AB, and type O, Rh positive, Rh negative, and many others. If blood is transfused, the recipient detects any new or foreign proteins. The blood type proteins are

on the outer surface of the red blood cell membrane

The pressure that is generated when water flows through a differentially permeable membrane is termed

osmotic pressure

which organelle primarily functions to package or regulate the production go H2O2?

peroxisomes

Macrophages, a type of white blood cells, are able to remove bacteria from our bloodstream and tissues by

phagocytosis

In plants, chloroplasts are necessary for

photosynthesis

When an intestinal cell ingests substances inside very small vesicles that can only be seen with an electron microscope, this is

pinocytosis

which membrane transport process can continue whether the cell is alive or dead?

pinocytosis

which structure regulates passage of molecules into and out of the bacterial cell?

plasma membrane

A researcher samples the waters of the boiling hot springs in Yellowstone National Park. Under the microscope, she observes what appear to be living cells in the water. If these indeed are living cells, what type of cell would they most likely be?

prokaryotic, archaea

which type of membrane protein will be used to bind hormones?

receptor proteins

considering that minute differences in organelle structure are enough to provide selective toxicity, which of the following cell organelles would be a good target for an antibiotic so it doesn't attack your cells?

ribosomes

If an active cell produces an important protein for secretion, what sequence of organelles might we examine for the origin of that secretion?

ribosomes to endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi apparatus

Proteins are processed and modified in the interior of the

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Osmosis can occur when a membrane is

semipermeable

If a cell lacks ATP, which of the following processes would cease to operate immediately?

sodium/potassium pump

during photosynthesis, solar energy is converted to chemical energy by the chloroplasts. The process is represented by

solar energy + carbon dioxide + water -> carbohydrate + oxygen

When you add sugar to your coffee or tea, the sugar is the

solute

If a cell lacked ribosomes, it would not be able to

synthesize proteins

each time water in a cell freezes slowly, long sharp crystals spear through the membrane structures of the cell. The most reasonable explanation for the bad taste of meat that has "freezer burn" from repeated freezing is the destruction of

the breakage of lysosomes would result in the release of digestive enzymes which would self digest and therefore alter the taste if the meat.

In moving from the outside environment to the inside of the cell, the first layer of a bacterium encountered would be

the capsule

When a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the cell wall prevents

the cell from bursting

permeability refers to

the extent a membrane allows a substance to pass through

Proteins do NOT pass through cell membranes because

they are very large molecules

What property of phospholipids make them suitable for the formation of the double layer found in membranes?

they have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends

How can marine animals such as sharks live in a salt water?

they increase or decrease the amount of urea in their blood until the blood is isotonic with the environment

the _____ will store pigments and toxins in plant cells

vacuole

which of following would be a way of finishing this hypothesis about the function of the Golgi apparatus? If the Golgi apparatus is involved in packaging products for secretion, then

vesicles must travel from the Golgi to the cell surface

a semipermeable membrane sac filled with water and large molecules of starch is suspended in a beaker of distilled water. What will happen?

water will enter the sac and it will swell