biology final exam
If 0.9% NaCl were isotonic to a cell, then
1.0% would be hypertonic
Which cellular structure is responsible for packaging materials with the cell?
Golgi apparatus
Of the following conditions, which is absolutely necessary for diffusion to take place?
a concentration gradient
oxygen diffuses into the capillaries of the lungs because there is
a higher concentration of CO2 in the alveoli than the capillaries
When you cut into most active plant tissue, water appears almost immediately because plant cells are in
a hypotonic solution that produces turgor pressure
When a substance moves from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration while using energy, the process is termed
active transport
the number of mitochondria in a cell would be a general indicator of the extent of
active transport
the cell theory states
all cells come only from other cells.
centrioles
are composed of microtubule triplets
surface area to volume ratio indicates
as cells get larger, their surface area gets larger but at a slower rate than the volume increases.
which of the following is a prokaryotic cell?
bacterium
Carrier molecules are required for
both facilitated diffusion and active transport
which is NOT a correct association of cell organelles and function?
cell wall-- regulate molecule passage in and out of animal cells
which type of cells will have modifications that increase the surface-area-to-volume ratio?
cells that specialize in absorption
which organelle will give off oxygen and use up carbon dioxide in plants?
chloroplasts
Thylakoids and cristae are respectively structures of
chloroplasts and mitochondria
which of the following molecules add stiffness and strength to the plasma membrane?
cholesterol
Which nuclear structure(s) contain(s) the hereditary material?
chromatin
which of the following structures are NOT found in the cytoplasm?
chromosomes
Once a solute and a solvent are evenly distributed in a solution, they will
continue to move about but with no net movement to higher concentration
An agent would make a good antibiotic if it affected a structure or process only found in bacterial cells and not in our (eukaryotic) cells. Which of the following actions would theoretically make a good antibiotic?
damages the nuclear membrane
A student sitting on the back row opened a bottle of foul-smelling perfume and dabbed it on her wrists. One-by-one (beginning from the back of the room) the students began to cough due to the foul smell. This phenomena was due to
diffusion
which of the following refers to materials only leaving the cell?
endocytosis
A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will
gain water
which components of a cell membrane are used for cell-to-cell recognition?
glycoproteins
all of the following are possible origins of cell organelles in eukaryotes EXCEPT
groups of prokaryotic cells begin to live in a small group, sharing products of metabolism.
The term hypertonic means
higher solute concentration
If you have a 10% sugar solution and a 35% sugar solution how does the 10% solution compare to the 35% solution?
hypotonic
which of the following is not true regarding active transport?
is associated with large number of mitochondria
An isotonic solution means that the solute concentration outside the cell
is the same as inside the cell
which is true of facilitated transport by carrier proteins?
it is represented by the glucose carrier that can transport hundreds of molecules a second
which of the following is not a function of the cell membrane?
it serves as a site of protein synthesis
When a lysosome fuses with a vacuole,
its contents are digested.
Compared with a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell
lacks organelles beyond ribosomes
which statement is false concerning the movement of molecules across the cell membrane?
lipid molecules do not pass through easily
the plasma membrane is composed of
lipids and proteins
which organelle has 13 rows of tubular dimers around an empty central core?
microtubules
which organelle will use up oxygen and give off carbon dioxide and water?
mitochondria
cellular respiration is best associated with the
mitochondrion
Molecules such as glucose and amino acids are NOT lipid soluble and therefore they
must be engulfed by a cell using endocytosis
both animal and plant cells have mitochondria because they both
need ATP for energy
According to cell theory
new cells arise only from preexisting cells.
Our body recognizes the foreign nature of a parasite or disease agent and we soon build up antibodies. A few parasites can change their identity to evade our immune system. How could cells do this on a regular basis?
new glycoproteins are produced in the cell and moved the plasma membrane
Which eukaryotic organelle is the largest?
nucleus
Within eukaryotic cells, the ____ is surrounded by a double membrane and carries the coding that determines protein synthesis.
nucleus
red blood cells come in many blood types including A,B,AB, and type O, Rh positive, Rh negative, and many others. If blood is transfused, the recipient detects any new or foreign proteins. The blood type proteins are
on the outer surface of the red blood cell membrane
The pressure that is generated when water flows through a differentially permeable membrane is termed
osmotic pressure
which organelle primarily functions to package or regulate the production go H2O2?
peroxisomes
Macrophages, a type of white blood cells, are able to remove bacteria from our bloodstream and tissues by
phagocytosis
In plants, chloroplasts are necessary for
photosynthesis
When an intestinal cell ingests substances inside very small vesicles that can only be seen with an electron microscope, this is
pinocytosis
which membrane transport process can continue whether the cell is alive or dead?
pinocytosis
which structure regulates passage of molecules into and out of the bacterial cell?
plasma membrane
A researcher samples the waters of the boiling hot springs in Yellowstone National Park. Under the microscope, she observes what appear to be living cells in the water. If these indeed are living cells, what type of cell would they most likely be?
prokaryotic, archaea
which type of membrane protein will be used to bind hormones?
receptor proteins
considering that minute differences in organelle structure are enough to provide selective toxicity, which of the following cell organelles would be a good target for an antibiotic so it doesn't attack your cells?
ribosomes
If an active cell produces an important protein for secretion, what sequence of organelles might we examine for the origin of that secretion?
ribosomes to endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi apparatus
Proteins are processed and modified in the interior of the
rough endoplasmic reticulum
Osmosis can occur when a membrane is
semipermeable
If a cell lacks ATP, which of the following processes would cease to operate immediately?
sodium/potassium pump
during photosynthesis, solar energy is converted to chemical energy by the chloroplasts. The process is represented by
solar energy + carbon dioxide + water -> carbohydrate + oxygen
When you add sugar to your coffee or tea, the sugar is the
solute
If a cell lacked ribosomes, it would not be able to
synthesize proteins
each time water in a cell freezes slowly, long sharp crystals spear through the membrane structures of the cell. The most reasonable explanation for the bad taste of meat that has "freezer burn" from repeated freezing is the destruction of
the breakage of lysosomes would result in the release of digestive enzymes which would self digest and therefore alter the taste if the meat.
In moving from the outside environment to the inside of the cell, the first layer of a bacterium encountered would be
the capsule
When a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the cell wall prevents
the cell from bursting
permeability refers to
the extent a membrane allows a substance to pass through
Proteins do NOT pass through cell membranes because
they are very large molecules
What property of phospholipids make them suitable for the formation of the double layer found in membranes?
they have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends
How can marine animals such as sharks live in a salt water?
they increase or decrease the amount of urea in their blood until the blood is isotonic with the environment
the _____ will store pigments and toxins in plant cells
vacuole
which of following would be a way of finishing this hypothesis about the function of the Golgi apparatus? If the Golgi apparatus is involved in packaging products for secretion, then
vesicles must travel from the Golgi to the cell surface
a semipermeable membrane sac filled with water and large molecules of starch is suspended in a beaker of distilled water. What will happen?
water will enter the sac and it will swell