Tumor Virus and Retrovirus

Where do oncogenes come from?

*MISTAKE IS MADE IN SPLICING; PROTO-ONCOGENE CAPTURED 1. oncogene gene sequence becomes complex or long 2. acute transforming virus loses its place in the sequence and loses RNA 3. It become defective acute transforming virus 4. it requires co infection virus to cause cancer

factors of AIDs

1. present in filtered blood products 2. delayed onset between exposure and development of disease 3. immunodeficiency occurs with other animal retroviruses 4. destructs t helper lymphocytes (HTLV-1 & HTLV-2 are t cell tropic)

AIDS aka

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Proto-oncogenes wait until their activated by ____ ____ or _____ ____.

DNA mutation; retrovirus infection

an example of Blow

HIV destroying T-cells

HIV (potential antigens)

Nucleocapsid (NC) proteins Capsid (CA) proteins Matrix proteins Glycoproteins

Sarcoma is caused by

Rous sarcoma virus

Define integrase

The sticky ends of acute transforming virus which allows it to attach to host DNA

How is retroviridae different from other RNA viruses?

because they have reverse transcriptase (converts RNA to DNA)

what makes up the capsid shell

capsid proteins

env

codes for envelope proteins gp 120 and gp 41 proteins

gag (group antigens)

codes for proteins inside the cell envelope (NC, CA, MA), hence code for the major structural proteins

pol

codes for vital protease, integrase and reverse transcriptase enzyme. The protease encoded by this gene plays a role in maturation of the gag encoded proteins.

HIV genome sequences

gag, pol, env

gp 120 and gp 41 proteins come together to form the

gp 160 protein

Human T-cell Leukemia virus variant II (HTLV-II) was isolated from patients with what disease

hairy cell leukemia

The function of the gp 160 protein is to

help the virus bind to the T-cells

matrix protein function

holds the glycoprotein spikes that transverse the lipid bilayer membrane (envelope)

Human T-cell Leukemia virus (HTLV-1) was isolated from patients with what disease & is aka

human T-cell leukemia and tropic spastic paraparesis

what is p24 used for

it is measured in the serum to detect early HIV infection

Retroviridae

large group of RNA viruses that infect humans and animals

Most retroviruses cause what two diseases?

leukemia or sarcoma

leukemia is caused by

leukemia sarcoma viruses

proteins under the envelope

matrix proteins

what is the shape of HIV

nucleocapsid

what is located at the virion core of HIV

nucleocapsid and 3 retrovirus enzymes

Some viruses may carry ______ in their ____.

oncogenes; genome

what is the major capsid protein

p24

what are the 3 retrovirus enzymes and where are they located

protease, reverse transcriptase, integrase; HIV virion core

inactive oncogenes are aka

proto-oncogenes

LTR

recognize by integrase to help it integrate into the genome and act as a promoter

surface glycoproteins

referred to as gp 120 and gp 41

The three concepts to remember about the retroviridae virus

retro, grow, blow

What virus has the ability to convert RNA to DNA?

retroviridae

Retro

retroviridae is different from any other RNA viruses because it has reverse transcriptase (RNA to DNA)

Grow

retrovirus can cause cancer in cells that they infect

The conversion of RNA to DNA is aka

reverse transcriptase

Blow

some retroviruses are cytotoxic to certain cell causing them to explode

Rous sarcoma virus has which oncogene?

src

what surrounds the RNA core (HIV core) and what shape is it

the capsid shell; icosahedral

newly identified HIV genome regulatory genes

vif, vpr, nef, vpu

HIV genome (regulatory genes)

vif, vpr, nef, vpu, tat, rev

defective acute transforming viruses

when viruses have lost their own RNA which is critical for replication