PHI Final

"Freedom" means the ability to make decisions and to act without undesirable consequences.

False

A "soft determinist" is generally someone who is indecisive when it comes to moral decision making.

False

A consequentialist theory of value judges the rightness or wrongness of an action based on the "good intention" of the person performing the action.

False

A non-consequentialist theory of value holds that people should be free to do as they like as long as they respect the freedom of others to do the same.

False

Aesthetics is the area of philosophy that is concerned with human knowledge.

False

An example of an epistemological question might be: What is the nature of reality and how do I know what the good is?

False

Aristophanes was one of the greatest Greek Philosophers who lived before Socrates.

False

Atheism is the belief that you can neither prove or disprove the existence of God.

False

Atheist resolve the "problem of evil" by saying that we have free will and God has nothing to do with it.

False

Both modern liberal's and classical liberals agree that people are neither born equal nor can be made equal.

False

Both rationalism and empiricism hold that knowledge begins with the senses but is ultimately completed by an account of reason.

False

Classical liberals disagree on the fundamental importance of private property to a free society.

False

Contrary to the socialism, conservativism is best described as a broad range of ideas and proposals that are held together by a central overarching tenet: the central ownership and control of the means of production.

False

Cosmology is the branch of metaphysics that studies the effects of a cosmopolitan life style in contrast to an agrarian one.

False

Descartes held that reality was comprised of two different physical substances.

False

Epistemology is the area of philosophy that study the epistemic problem associated with establishing a just society.

False

Ethics is a branch of Philosophy which deals with the issue of the TRUE.

False

Ethics is the study of the ultimate causes of reality.

False

For Immanuel Kant Imperfect Duties are those duties which we should do as often as possible but can not be expected to do always, for example, no lies, no theft, no breaking promises.

False

For Immanuel Kant the basis for a Theory of the Good lies in the good consequence of the act.

False

For Immanuel Kant, phenomenal reality is the knowledge of a thing as it "exists in itself."

False

For libertarians, just outcomes are those arrived at by the separate just actions of individuals, and thus, a strict distributive pattern is required for justice.

False

Freedom and determinism are compatible philosophical ideas.

False

Heraclitus held that reality is "changeless," nothing comes into being or passes away.

False

Hinduism is the largest religion in the world.

False

How is the conflict of individual interest with the groups' interest to be resolved? Is a question dealt with in the Philosophy of Law and not Political Philosophy.

False

Illegal is a synonym for immoral.

False

In a Polytheistic belief system there are no female deities.

False

In the Latin language, libertas (liberty) literally meant "do whatever you want." This is why the Romans are historically considered to be the first real "free society."

False

In their writings on Aesthetics, Socrates and Plato disagreed sharply on the proper distinction between the aesthetical value of the good and the beautiful.

False

Interactionism is the theory that body acts on mind but minds do NOT act on bodies.

False

Islam is the largest religion in the world with over one billion followers.

False

Jean Paul Sartre was philosophically considered a soft determinist, do to his rejection of radical freedom as morally irresponsible.

False

Jeremy Bentham was opposed to utilitarianism on the grounds that it exaggerated the importance of consequence of intention.

False

John Locke distinguished between primary and secondary qualities in order to demonstrate that knowledge can only be achieved through reason.

False

Kant isolated two fundamental necessary conditions for a judgment to be a judgment of taste — subjectivity and universality.Judgments of taste can only be about art.

False

Kant thought that "Beauty is a symbol of objectivity, and morality a symbol of subjectivity."

False

Kant's theory of pure beauty had one main aspect, which is the notion of objectivity.

False

Knowledge of the thing as it appears through our senses and is filtered by the brain is revered to as noumena for Immanuel Kant.

False

Liberals have always been associated with ideas related to a welfare state and a system of taxes, subsidies, deductions, payments, regulations, restrictions, permissions, refunds, entitlements and other such ideas and programs.

False

Metaphysical dualism essentially states that there is a dual between the powers of good and evil in the universe.

False

Metaphysical idealism is the theory that holds all of reality needs to conform to specific moral ideals to achieve its perfection.

False

Metaphysical materialism refers to individuals who place more value on material things than spiritual things.

False

Metaphysics is the area of philosophy that deals with good and bad action.

False

Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that studies the limits of Human Knowledge.

False

Moral Philosophy seeks to understand and to justify moral principles.

False

Moral Skepticism is the ethical position that morality exists but it is difficult to always know for certain who is right.

False

Myths are always false stories that try to explain the unexplainable.

False

Nietzsche philosophical thought is best described as a "hard determinism".

False

Omnibenevolent means "all-powerful."

False

Omnipotent means "all-knowing."

False

Pascal's Wager is a philosophical argument in support of atheism, since it states that you cannot prove Gods existence.

False

Philosopher never attempt to prove Gods existence since they agree that the existence of God it is a matter of faith and religion.

False

Philosophers have proven that miracles are not possible.

False

Philosophy is the academic discipline that has as its central focus the study of living organisms.

False

Plato taught that our senses must be trusted if we are to attain true knowledge.

False

Plato's "Allegory of the Cave" was the first historical account demonstrating how man evolved from cave dwellers to city dwellers.

False

Political Philosophy relates to the question of "Who gets what?"

False

Political philosophy begins with the question: what is the nature of Being?

False

Positive liberty is an opportunity-concept, where freedom is merely a matter of what we can do, what options are open to us, regardless of whether or not we exercise such options.

False

Pre-Established Harmony holds that minds and bodies are set in motion and coordinated from the beginning of time by evolution and not with the assistance of a deity that creates the universe.

False

Process Theologians belief that everything in the universe is in the process of change with the exception of God.

False

Prominent modern empiricists include Descartes, Locke, Berkeley, Hume.

False

Rene Descartes believed that Mind and matter joined together to make one substance.

False

Rene Descartes was a famous empiricist.

False

Scientific investigation has yet to disprove Descartes pineal gland theory, so his theory is probably correct.

False

Similar to John Locke, the philosopher George Berkeley made use of the primary and secondary quality distinction in his theory of Subjective Idealism.

False

Small Island Societies do not have to concern themselves with questions of distributive justice.

False

Socrates and Plato both supported the sophists even though they had a different approach to philosophy.

False

Socrates was the student of Plato for approximately 10 years.

False

Soft determinism holds that causal determinism is true, but we still act as free, morally responsible agents when, in the absence of external constraints, our actions are caused by our desires.

False

Thales said the "unexamined life is not worth living."

False

The Cosmological argument states that by using reason alone and examining the very concept of god as a perfect being, we can prove Gods existence.

False

The Latin term mores is defined as "rules of conduct concerning matters of relatively minor importance but which do not contribute to the quality of life."

False

The Sophists were not great public speakers, but they were successful do to their high ethical standards and love of wisdom.

False

The debate between liberals and conservatives is quite active in contemporary society, but was much more intense in ancient societies.

False

The first necessary condition of a judgment of taste is that it is essentially objective, since it is based on a feeling of pleasure or displeasure.

False

The free-will defense is a theodicy which attempts to explain the existence of natural evil in the context of human freedom.

False

The ideas of the Utilitarians, Bentham and the Mills, contributed heavily to this view of how social life ought to be arranged. Along with it came the idea that government should not interfere with individual's earnings and with businesses.

False

The only ethical-political issue that unites philosophers into one school of thought is that concerning the status of the individual: the ethical 'person'.

False

The original Greek etymology of the word "fate" meant "to exercise ones freedom with love."

False

The philosophical "problem of equivocation" has to do with the lack of equality among philosophers, which results in a philosophical bias.

False

The philosophical problem of free will is not the question are we free, but rather, how are we to use our freedom responsibly?

False

The philosophy of post modernism strives to get to the truth about reality.

False

The pre-Socratic philosopher Anaximander agreed with Thales that water was the basic element uniting all reality.

False

The principle of Strict Egalitarianism states "equal pay for equal work."

False

The question of the Nature of Beauty is primarily a metaphysical and not a aesthetical question.

False

The real dilemma of determinism is getting individuals to cognitively accept the fact that they are determined.

False

The republican, or neo-Roman, conception of liberty is primarily concerned with rational autonomy, realizing one's true nature, or becoming one's higher self.

False

The statement "I promise that I will do it," is an example of an evaluative statement.

False

The term philosophy is best defined as "just a personal opinion."

False

Theism is the belief that God cannot be know to us through reason.

False

There is no contradiction to state that one is Free and to believe in Fate.

False

Through the twentieth century many humans have come to reject the individual relativistic perspective do to the conditions of the World Wars.

False

Traditional metaphysics was more concerned with mythology and less concerned with reality.

False

Why should individuals obey the law? Is a question of Ethics and not Political Philosophy.

False

Zoroastrian dualism is a form of monotheism.

False

"Sublime" and "beautiful" are only two amongst the many terms which may be used to describe our aesthetic experiences.

True

A complaint against welfarism, from Desert-based Principles, is that it ignores, and in fact cannot even make sense of, claims that people deserve certain economic benefits in light of their actions. The complaint is often motivated by the concern that various forms of welfarism treat people as mere containers for well-being, rather than purposeful beings, responsible for their actions and creative in their environments.

True

A formal definition of philosophy is: "the systematic, critical examination of the way in which we judge, evaluate, and act, with the aim of making ourselves wiser, more self-reflective, and therefore better men and women."

True

According to Descartes there are two very different sorts of things (substances) that exist: the physical substance and the spiritual or non-physical substance.

True

According to Immanuel Kant, judgments of pure beauty, being selfless, initiate one into the moral point of view.

True

According to the medieval theologian Thomas Aquinas , Reason and Faith are compatible with one another as is Science and Religion because there is but one truth.

True

According to the philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibnitz, this world (universe) created by the all perfect deity would need to be the very best possible world because an all perfect being could not produce anything less than the very best.

True

According to the view of Common-sense Egoism: egoism is a vice, since it involves putting one's own concerns over those of others to an immoderate degree.

True

Advocates of welfare-based principles view the concerns of other theories — material equality, the level of primary goods of the least advantaged, resources, desert-claims, or liberty — as derivative concerns.

True

Aesthetics is the area of philosophy that focuses on Ethical behavior.

True

Aesthetics is the area of philosophy that studies beauty and art.

True

Aesthetics, as a general science, takes no account of the individual arts.

True

Agnosticism is the belief that there is no clear or definitive knowledge of whether there is a god or not.

True

Anarchy stems from the Greek word, anarkos, meaning "without a chief."

True

Any attempt to make the existence of an All-knowing, All-powerful and All-good or omnibenevolent God consistent with the existence of evil is known as a Theodicy.

True

As ethics is also underpinned by metaphysical and epistemological theories, so too can political philosophy be related to such underlying theories: theorizing on the nature of reality and of how we know things logically relates to how we do things and how we interact with others.

True

At the prereflective, existential level, human beings experience themselves as having a body and a mind, in such a manner that they are somehow substantially different from one another.

True

At the time of Socrates (472-399bc) many Greeks were no longer believers in the stories of the gods and goddesses.

True

At the time of Socrates Greek culture was undergoing a major revolution.

True

Behaviorism is a variation of Monistic Materialism.

True

Behaviorist psychologists believe that they can account for all of human behavior in terms of operant conditioning. All that a human does (including ideas and feelings) are behaviors that can be explained in terms of basic physical factors.

True

Both Theists and Atheist accept forms of Natural Law theory.

True

Both classical and modern liberals agree that the government has a strict duty towards impartiality and hence to treating people equally, and that it should also be neutral in its evaluation of what the good life is.

True

Both modern and classical liberals may refer to the theory of a social contract to justify either their emphasis on the free realm of the individual or the fostering of those conditions liberals in general deem necessary for human flourishing.

True

By saying that existence precedes essence, existentialist are suggesting that human beings first come into existence then they determine their own essence by their free acts.

True

Causal determinism is the theory that every event has a cause.

True

Central examples of judgments of taste are judgments of beauty and ugliness.

True

Classical liberals and libertarians have often asserted that in some way liberty and property are really the same thing.

True

Cogito Ergo Sum means "I think therefore I am"

True

Conservatives thus do not reject reform but are thoroughly skeptical of any present generation's or present person's ability to understand and hence to reshape the vast edifices of behavior and institutions that have evolved with the wisdom of thousands of generations.

True

Cosmology studies the origins of the universe.

True

Cultural relativists believe that the evaluation of good and bad actions are determined within a cultural setting and are not universal.

True

David Hume is best known in the history of philosophy for his skeptical epistemological views.

True

Descartes held that Brains are part of the physical realm and Minds are part of the non-physical realm of existence.

True

Descartes thought that the Pineal Gland was the master control unit where the soul contacted the brain (body) because it was singular and not doubled as are other parts of the brain.

True

Empiricism is the epistemological theory that genuine information about the world must be acquired by a posteriori means, so that nothing can be thought without first being sensed.

True

Epiphenomenalism states that the body acts on mind but minds do NOT act on bodies.

True

Ethics is a branch of Philosophy which deals with the issue of the GOOD.

True

Evaluative statements express how people think about some object, activity, person, condition, or situation.

True

Existentialism, a philosophical movement or tendency, emphasizing individual existence, freedom and choice, that influenced many diverse writers in the 19th and 20th centuries.

True

Expressive statements express the feelings of the speaker/writer such as "Holy Cow."

True

Fiscal Conservatism is the economic philosophy of prudence in government spending and debt.

True

For Immanuel Kant humans will never know things as they are in themselves because humans can never think without their brains, and their brains are so structured as to interpret the experiences of the senses in a categorical manner.

True

For Immanuel Kant it is never morally good to treat a person as a means to an end.

True

For Immanuel Kant the basis for a Theory of the Good lies in the intention or the will.

True

For John Locke the mind is a blank slate at birth, tabula rasa, and all knowledge results from experiences that enter the mind from the experiences of the body.

True

For John Locke, an example of a secondary quality would be the "hotness" or "coldness" of an object.

True

For Locke, primary qualities were the properties that were in the objects themselves like shape.

True

For Luck Egalitarianism, equality of opportunity is often contrasted favorably with 'equality of outcome' or strict egalitarianism, by those who believe that we can show equal concern, respect, or treatment of people without them having the same material goods and services, so long as they have equal economic opportunities.

True

For Nietzsche, all humans desire but one thing, POWER. The WILL to POWER is a foundational notion for him.

True

For Nietzsche, an existentialist, there are no Masters or Slaves, all are equal and free.

True

For Sartre, and a basic idea shared by nearly all existentialists is that: Existence precedes Essence.

True

For Sartre, humans are condemned to be free.

True

For Socrates a basis for the grounding of morality and the social order was needed other than that provided by the stories of the Greek deities.

True

For classical liberals, sometimes called the 'old' liberalism, liberty and private property are intimately related.

True

For conservatives, the value of institutions cannot always be examined according to the rational analysis of the present generation.

True

For the post modernists there can be no single reality or privileged view of reality or even concept of what reality is for there is no single objective or truthful way in which to verify any claims about a singular phenomenon to be called "reality."

True

Free will is the ability of agents to make choices unconstrained by certain factors.

True

From the eighteenth century right up to today, classical liberals have insisted that an economic system based on private property is uniquely consistent with individual liberty, allowing each to live her life —including employing her labor and her capital — as she sees fit.

True

George Berkeley asserts that all physical things in this world are ideas of the Divine and specifies this concept as esse est percipi, Latin for "to be is to be perceived."

True

George Berkeley was an Anglican bishop from Scotland who challenged the irrationality of the notion that matter exists autonomously outside the mind as Locke and other contemporaneous empiricists speculated.

True

George Berkeley was an advocate of metaphysical materialism, since he believed that "to be is to be perceived."

True

Hard determinism suggests that causal determinism is true, and therefore, free action and moral responsibility are impossible.

True

Idealism is the metaphysical view that associates reality to ideas in the mind rather than to material objects.

True

If there are no free actions, then there is no moral responsibility.

True

Immanuel Kant postulates that there must exist rules for thoughts, which he calls categories that are innate and necessary for understanding.

True

Immanuel Kant thought that "Beauty is a symbol of Morality."

True

Immanuel Kant's epistemological theory is best described as Transcendental Idealism.

True

Immanuel Kant's theory of pure beauty had four aspects: its freedom from concepts, its objectivity, the disinterest of the spectator, and its obligatoriness.

True

In "Process Theology" the concept of God is one of imperfection in the sense that God is not said to be all powerful.

True

In DIVINE COMMAND THEORY there is NO GOOD or BAD by itself at all. There is only what GOD COMMANDS.

True

In Philosophy the problem of equivocation has to do with there being more than one meaning of a word when it is used in a philosophical argument.

True

In Western Christian thought, God is traditionally described as a being that possesses at least three necessary properties: omniscience, omnipotence , and omnibenevolence.

True

In his "Poetics", Aristotle analyzed the art of epic, tragic, and comic poetry.

True

In pursuing a philosophical examination of political activity, philosophers also divide between those who are methodological individualists and those who are methodological holists.

True

In the broadest, presently popularly accepted term the modern liberal "accepts rights against the person" and rights to entitlements such as health care and education.

True

In the history of philosophy, there have been no greater defenders of the view that humans are free than the existentialists.

True

In the works of the pre-socratics there is a progression from mythopoetic thought to a primitive scientific thinking in the form of speculative inquiry.

True

Incompatibilists hold that Free Will and infallible foreknowledge by any entity are contradictory concepts and cannot co-exist.

True

Individuals often times use the term reality when expressing their beliefs about reality.

True

Interactionism is the theory stating that minds and bodies exist and interact in some way.

True

It is a rather common misconception to think that religion has to do with god, or gods and supernatural beings or a supernatural or spiritual dimension or greater reality. None of that is absolutely necessary because there are religions that are without those elements.

True

John Stuart Mill in The Subjection of Women gives one of the clearest early feminist critiques of the political and distributive structures of the emerging liberal democracies.

True

Kant isolated two fundamental necessary conditions for a judgment to be a judgment of taste — subjectivity and relativity.

True

Liberal originally meant to "liberate" or "free" and as applied to social questions meant that individuals should be as free from interference from the government as possible.

True

Libertarianism professes that people should be free to do as they like as long as they respect the freedom of others to do the same.

True

Meletus accuses Socrates of "impiety" and "corrupting the youth."

True

Metaphysical materialism is the position that matter alone exists.

True

Methodological holists seek to explain behavior by considering the nature of the group.

True

Modern liberal's emphasis on equality is criticized by classical liberals who argue that people are neither born equal nor can be made equal.

True

Monistic theism, is a variant of both monism and monotheism.

True

Monotheism is a belief that God is one with the world.

True

Moral evil is the evil produced by the willful acts of human beings (such as murder, rape, etc.)Natural evil is the result of individuals not acting according to their nature.

True

Morality = rules of right conduct concerning matters of greater importance. Violations of such can bring disturbance to individual conscience and social sanctions.

True

Nietzsche thought that "WHATEVER DOES NOT KILL YOU WILL MAKE YOU STRONGER!"

True

Normative ethical relativism is a theory, which claims that there are no universally valid moral principles.

True

Occasionalism is the theory that states that on the occasion of the mind making a decision the body is moved by the creator (deity) to do whatever the mind has decided to make the body do.

True

Omniscience means "all-knowing."

True

One meaning of reality is the sum total of all that is real.

True

Ontology is the specialized area of metaphysics that focuses on questions of Being, Existence, and the nature of reality.

True

Open mindedness is an essential characteristic of the Philosopher.

True

Originally, æsthetics was chiefly occupied with poetry.

True

Pantheism is the belief that the world=god.

True

Parallelism is the idea that minds and bodies exist in separate dimensions and are coordinated.

True

Parmenides taught that all that is has always been and always will be. Reality is that which never changes. Reality is BEING and not becoming.

True

People often learn through the study of Philosophy that they have been holding beliefs about themselves and about the world that are often times inconsistent or even outright contradictory to one another.

True

Philosophers since antiquity have been interested in our experiences of and judgments about beauty and ugliness.

True

Philosophy arises out of a cultural background.

True

Philosophy arises out of a questioning of the myths, the accepted truths, the beliefs and tales of a culture.

True

Philosophy as developed by Socrates and Plato attempts to foster critical, dialectical thinking in the subject and that process would lead the thinker to knowledge, truth, beauty and goodness.

True

Philosophy attempts to arrive at a basis for belief resting on reason.

True

Philosophy is a science.

True

Philosophy of religion is rational thought about religious issues and concerns without a presumption of the existence of a deity or reliance on acts of faith.

True

Physicalism is the view that everything that is real is, in some sense, really physical.

True

Plato disliked the poets and the artists.

True

Political Philosophy deals with questions such as: What is the best form of government?

True

Political philosophy begins with the question: what ought to be a person's relationship to society?

True

Political rationalism emphasizes the employment of reason in social affairs: that is, individuals ought to submit to the logic and universality of reason rather than their own subjective or cultural preconceptions.

True

Politically, philosophical conservatives are cautious in tampering with forms of political behavior and institutions and they are especially skeptical of whole scale reforms.

True

Polytheism is the belief in many Gods.

True

Popular metaphysics is more concerned with mysticism and occultism.

True

Popular metaphysics refers to the majority metaphysical view of any defined society.

True

Pre-Established Harmony theory puts forth the idea that minds and bodies are set in motion and coordinated from the beginning of time by a deity that creates the universe.

True

Problematic idealism is the belief held by Descartes stating we can only hold one empirical truth, which is that I exist.

True

Progressive conservatism incorporates progressive policies alongside conservative policies. It stresses the importance of a social safety net to deal with poverty, support of limited redistribution of wealth along with government regulation to regulate markets in the interests of both consumers and producers.

True

Rationalism is a reliance on reason as the only reliable source of human knowledge.

True

Religions of the West- Judaism-Christianity and Islam share in some common traits or characteristics that distinguish them from other religions in this world.Monotheism is a belief that there is but one god.

True

Rene Descartes "resolved the mind-body problem" with his "pineal gland" theory of interaction.

True

Scientific investigation has now proven that the pineal gland does not function as a central control unit for the brain as Descartes believed.

True

Secondary qualities, according to theory of John Locke, are the properties of an object as they exist within the mind of the subject who experiences the object.

True

Sentences expressing evaluations are not taken as making claims about what is known so much as making claims about how the evaluator thinks.

True

Skepticism is the belief that some or all human knowledge is impossible.

True

Socrates and Plato learned and taught that the senses are not to be trusted.

True

Socrates believed that evil (bad action) was the result of ignorance.

True

Socrates believed that no harm can come to a good man, neither in life nor in death.

True

Socrates believed that you could prove the existence of the soul.

True

Socrates struggled to find truth and wisdom and was put to death for his efforts to find true virtue and the GOOD.

True

Socrates was called "the wisest of all men" by the Oracle of Delphi.

True

Socrates, in Xenophon's "Memorabilia" and "Symposium", makes no distinction between the good and the beautiful.

True

Some irrationalists uphold polylogism - the theory that there are (or ought to be) more than one form of logic, which ultimately collapses into an epistemological subjectivism.

True

Some of the earliest forms for the answers to life's most basic questions have been found in the form of stories that were told long, long ago.

True

Some questions that are considered in the study of Metaphysics are: What is meant by reality? What does it mean to be real? Is there a reality?

True

Something is said to have instrumental value if it is good because it provides the means for acquiring something else of value.

True

Sophists often taught courses in topics such as: How to win friends and influence people.

True

Thales, the first philosopher in the Greek tradition, believed that "All things were made of Water."

True

The Ancient Greek Philosopher Aristotle believed that philosophical investigation began with "wonder."

True

The Etymology (origin) of the term philosophy is "Love of Wisdom."

True

The French thinker Blaise Pascal thought "If I believe in God and God exists I win eternal happiness and infinite gain. If God does not exist, I suffer minor inconvenience. If I do not believe in God, and God exists, I lose eternal bliss. I suffer infinite loss infinite loss unhappiness." "If I do not believe in God, and God does not exist "I gain a finite amount of pleasure."

True

The Greeks at the time of Socrates and Plato were undergoing a major change in the way in which they would think about the world, themselves and reality itself.

True

The Greeks, prior to Plato, had a culture (the way a people learn to think, feel and act from the previous generation) that was transmitted orally.

True

The Ontological Argument states that using reason alone and examining the very concept of God as a perfect being we can prove Gods existence.

True

The Sophists were orators, public speakers, mouths for hire in an oral culture.

True

The broad notion of the aesthetic can be fixed by what it is to judge that something is beautiful or ugly, or that it has aesthetic merit or demerit.

True

The different desert-based principles of distribution differ primarily according to what they identify as the basis for deserving.

True

The dominance of representation as a central concept in art lasted from before Plato's time to around the end of the eighteenth century.

True

The empiricists had problems accounting for forms of knowledge that did not relate to the senses, e.g., Mathematics and Logic.

True

The first necessary condition of a judgment of taste is that it is essentially subjective, since it is based on a feeling of pleasure or displeasure.

True

The greatest and most persistent ethical-political issue that divides philosophers into a host of schools of thought is that concerning the status of the individual: the ethical 'person'.

True

The issues for epistemology are all in one way or another related to questions of knowledge.

True

The key question that divides political philosophers is whether it is the group or the individual that should be the primary political unit of analysis.

True

The main purpose of Plato's Rebublic was to establish a utopic society.

True

The manner in which the goods and services within any society are to be distributed is the central question of Distributive Justice.

True

The meaning of life is one of the fundamental questions considered in the study of philosophy.

True

The mind-body problem is concerned with giving explanation to the question: how does the non-physical mind bring about a causal change (motion) in a physical substance?

True

The most familiar example of a consequentialist theory would be utilitarianism with the idea "that an action is best that produces the greatest good for the greatest number'' of individuals.

True

The most thoroughgoing and influential of the early theorists on the subject of Aesthetics was Immanuel Kant, towards the end of the eighteenth century.

True

The need to reconcile freedom of will with a deterministic universe is known as the problem of free will or sometimes referred to as the dilemma of determinism.

True

The philosophical argument of "the problem of evil" questions: How can there be a deity that is all good and all knowing and all powerful at the same time that evil exists?

True

The pre-Socratic philosopher Empedocles conjectured that there are four basic elements: EARTH, AIR, FIRE and WATER.

True

The principle of Strict Egalitarianism says that every person should have the same level of material goods and services.

True

The tales organized under Homer and Hesiod were used by the people as an encyclopedia, as the foundation of the educational system.

True

The teleological argument attempts to prove Gods existence by considering the apparent order of the universe.

True

The term "liberalism" conveys two distinct positions in political philosophy, the one a pro-individualist theory of people and government, the second a pro-statist or what is better termed a "social democratic" conception.

True

The term Blik refers to a set of profoundly unfalsifiable assumptions that govern all of a person's other beliefs.

True

The term Collectivism is sometimes employed as a substitute for socialism.

True

The term metaphysics originally referred to the writings of Aristotle that came after his writings on physics, in the arrangement made by Andronicus of Rhodes about three centuries after Aristotle's death.

True

The term mores is best defined as "customs and rules of conduct."

True

The terms liberty and freedom both originally meant "unlike a slave."

True

Theology is the academic discipline that deals with religious beliefs in a rational manner and presumes an act of faith.

True

There are approximately 2 billion Christians in the world.

True

There are two categories of dualism: Metaphysical Materialism and Idealism.

True

There is no one feminist conception of distributive justice; theorists who name themselves feminists defend positions across the political spectrum.

True

This view that we have both a non-physical mind and a physical body is known as dualism.

True

Thrasymachus was a sophist who said "Might makes right."

True

Through the twentieth century many humans have come to accept a good deal of the relativistic perspective.

True

To call one a metaphysician in this traditional, philosophical sense indicates nothing more than his or her interest in attempting to discover what underlies everything.

True

Traditionally, metaphysics refers to the branch of philosophy that attempts to understand the fundamental nature of all reality, whether visible or invisible. It seeks a description so basic, so essentially simple, so all-inclusive that it applies to everything, whether divine or human or anything else. It attempts to tell what anything must be like in order to be at all.

True

Up to the "de-definition" period, definitions of art fell broadly into three types, relating to representation, expression, and form.

True

Welfare-based principles are motivated by the idea that what is of primary moral importance is the level of welfare of people.

True