POLS CH 5

which amendment passed at the end of the war granted African American men the right to vote?

15th

in which year did the Supreme Court rule that forced busing violated students constitutional right to equal protection under the law?

2007

according to United States government statistics, roughly ____% of black children live in poverty, compared to ____% of white children

40 ; 10

of the 500 largest United States corporations, less than ______ are headed by women

5%

according to recent statistics, over ____% of African American children will grow up in single parent household

50

which proposed amendment to the constitution was passed by the congress in 1971, but failed to receive the necessary three-fourths majority?

equal rights amendment

which of the following women were vice presidential candidates for a major US political party?

- Sarah Palin - Geraldine Ferraro

which of the following tactics were used by Martin Luther king jr. in his leadership of the civil rights movement?

- boycotts - sit ins - marches in nonviolent protest

which practices were banned as a result of the civil rights act of 1968?

- discriminatory practices in mortgage lending -discriminatory real estate practices such as steering African American families to certain neighborhoods - discriminatory practices in housing

which of the following are included in the concept of equal rights, or civil rights?

- equal access to the opportunities society provides - the right of every person to equal protection under the law - equal access to public facilities

asian Americans are more likely than other minority groups to be which of the following?

- have high median income - college educated

southern states used a number of devices to prevent African Americans from voting, including which of the following?

-literacy tests -whites only primaries - poll taxes

arrange the following items in chronological order starting with the earliest challenge to segregation laws

1. the Supreme Court ends school segregation in brown v board of education of Topeka 2. rosa parks refuses to give up her seat on a bus to a white rider in Montgomery, Alabama 3. dr. martin Luther king jr. delivers a speech before the participants of the march on Washington for jobs and freedom

T or F: unequal representation is no longer a civil rights issue that is universal among all minority groups?

FALSE

in 1974, congress passed a law, the ______, that grants native Americans constitutional rights similar to those held by other americans

Indian bill of rights

which 2003 Supreme Court decision overturned an earlier case in which it had upheld Georgias anti-sodomy law?

Lawrence v texas

T or F: following the passage of the civil rights act of 1964, many restaurants, hotels and other establishments refused to serve black customers

TRUE

T or F: following the passage of the civil rights act of 1964, many restaurants, hotels, and other establishments refused to serve black customers

TRUE

in which case did the Supreme Court rule that the male only admissions policy at the Virginia military institute was unconstitutional?

United States v virginia

which of the following actions first made dr. Martin Luther king jr. a national symbol for the civil rights movement and earned him national media attention?

a year long bus boycott in Montgomery, alabama

among the laws giving women greater equality in the workplace were laws prohibiting

an employer from paying women less than men for doing the same job

civil rights act of 1964

barred racial discrimination in public accommodations and private employment

in the case of Shelby v holder, the majority held that the formula for identify states and counties subject to federal oversight was

based on obsolete statistics

the landmark case of lau v Nichols(1974) resulted in many states offering _______ education in their public schools

bilingual

which of the following was the 1954 landmark case that ended segregation in public schools?

brown v board o feducautoin of topeka

native Americans were not considered to be _____ until 1924

citizens

although many Americans believe that the concept of _______ includes such things as access to jobs and health care, others argue that it means only that people are all treated the same under the law

equality

which of the following is not a major civil rights issue being fought by many minority groups?

freedom of religion

in rostker v Goldberg(1980) the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of _________ classifications even though such classification need to be scrutinized more closely than classifications by age or income

gender

in general, the Supreme Court has held that gender discrimination in law

is almost always unconstitutional

which of the following minority groups make up the largest hispanic population in the United States?

mexicans

in a 1930s Supreme Court case that challenged the application for the separate-but-equal doctrine, the court ruled that blacks ______ be allowed to use public facilities reserved for whites in those cases where they didn't have separate facilities

must

14th amendment

prohibits discrimination by government but not by private parties

which legal test gives government considerable leeway in treating people differently, such as imposing a higher tax rate on upper-income Americans?

reasonable-basis test

at one time, banks engaged in a practice known as _____, refusing to grant mortgage loans to people who lived in certain neighborhoods, especially those neighborhoods with large black populations

redlining

which landmark Supreme Court case declared affirmative action constitutional but invalidated the use of racial quotas?

regents of the university of California v bakke

which of the following best exemplifies the profound impact of the civil rights movement?

removing discrimination in voting requirements

any law that treats individual differently based on race is subject to the ________-________ test

strict-scrutiny

which of the following statements about affirmative action are true?

- most Americans support programs to give equal treatment to groups that have been disadvantaged historically - preference programs have greater support among African Americans than among whites

which of the following is true about women's equality in the work place?

- the average pay for women workers is only 80% of the amount earned by male workers - women tend to earn less because they are more likely to leave work to start a family

which is an accurate representation of the hispanic population in the United States?

- the majority are immigrants from Mexico and the Caribbean islands - their numbers have more than doubled in the past twenty years

according to todays statistics, asian Americans are underrepresented in which of the following areas?

- holding high-level political office - holding the top position in corporations

what did the voting rights act of 1965 entail?

- it banned discriminatory voter registration practices - it allowed federal intervention in voter registration in states with a history of discriminating against black voters

which of the following are rights gays and lesbians had to fight for?

- the right to have the same benefits as traditional couples - the right to openly enlist in the military

the type of discrimination in which traditionally disadvantaged groups have fewer opportunities because of prejudice despite legal protections is

de facto discrimination

laws refer to the rights of individuals, however,

groups more often fight for civil rights

which 2015 Supreme Court decision removed the ban on same-sex marriage citing it violated the 14th amendments equal protection and due process clauses?

obergefell v Hodges

what is at the heart of many civil rights struggles for equality in the United States?

people hold deep-seated prejudices based on such things as race, color, and religion

following the supreme courts ruling in brown v board of education, a number of southern congressmen wrote a letter titled the _____ _____ urging state governments to "resist forced integration by any lawful means"

southern manifesto

according to the Supreme Court, laws that discriminate between people based on their race or ethnicity are laws that make use of

suspect classifications

which of the following is NOT true about women equality in the workplace?

younger women have trouble getting jobs that are equal in pay because fewer young women than young men have college degrees