Biology-Final review

What structure serves as a passageway for both air and food?

pharynx

Several different classes make up a

phylum

Which are the two highest level taxa in the Linnaean system?

phylum and kingdom

Which of the following is a gland of the endocrine system?

pituitary gland

Viral diseases can be

prevented with vaccines but not treated with antibiotics

Which of the following is NOT a function of the pancreas?

producing bile

The most important function of the skin is

protection

The stomach breaks down food into a soft, partially digested mixture called

chyme

Which blood cells are most numerous in the body?

red

Look at Figure 30-2. Filtered blood leaves the kidney and returns to circulation through the (refer to test for image)

renal vein

In Figure 34-1, structure E produces which of the following hormones where you're feeling stress about a big test? (refer to test for image)

epinephrine

Which structure in the kidneys' nephrons is mainly responsible for the filtration of the blood?

glomerulus

Most mutations

have no effect on an organism

Which division(s) of the peripheral nervous system transmit(s) impulses from sense organs to the central nervous system?

sensory division

The structures labeled B in figure 11-5 are called

sister chromatids

Which of these is a part of the integumentary system?

skin, hair, and nails

Which bacteria killed the mice in Griffith's transformation experiment?

live, harmless bacteria and heat-killed, harmful bacteria

Unlike lytic viruses, lysogenic viruses do NOT

lyse the host cell right away

Gametes are produced by the process of

meiosis

One goal of scientists is to assign every organism a universally accepted name according to the system known as

binomial nomenclature

Which are the components of the circulatory system?

blood, blood vessels, and heart

What do ligaments hold together in a joint?

bones

The outer protein coat of a virus is called a

capsid

Figure 20-1 shows the structure of (refer to test for image)

a bacterium

Which of the following is the correct order from simplest to most complex for the levels of organization in the human body?

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

The structure labeled A in Figure 11-5 is called the

centromere

Where does the process of chemical digestion begin?

mouth

What enzyme found in saliva breaks chemical bonds in starches forming sugars?

amylase

What begins when a neuron is stimulated by another neuron or by a stimulus in the environment?

an impulse

The basic types of tissue in the human body are

muscle, nervous, connective, epithelial

Which system coordinates the body's response to changes in its internal and external environment?

nervous system

Which of the following is NOT a way in which humans rely on prokaryotes?

to form a symbiotic relationship and obtain ammonia

What is the function of the central nervous system?

to process information and form a response

After complex organic molecules have been absorbed in the small intestine, what materials are left behind?

water and cellulose

Which of the following is the name of a type of chromosomal mutation AND a type of gene mutation?

deletion

RNA contains the sugar

ribose

About how many bones are found in an adult human skeleton?

206

How many main types of RNA are there?

3

If an organism's diploid number is 12, its haploid number is

6

Which structure in Figure 30-1 uses muscle contractions to produce a churning motion that breaks up food?

D

From which molecules are mRNA molecules transcribed?

DNA

Look at Figure 30-1. In which structure is water extracted from digested food?

H

The number of chromosomes in a gamete is represented by the symbol

N

Refer to Figure 31-1. Which structure carries impulses away from the cell body?

C

Each pea-plant gamete has how many alleles for the height gene?

1

Which system regulates and controls growth, development, and metabolism?

endocrine system

What does Figure 13-2 show?

the genetic code

What is the basic structure of a virus?

DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat

What did Avery conclude caused transformation?

DNA was the transforming factor

Which structure in Figure 34-1 regulates the level of calcium in the blood? (refer to test for image)

F

Which diagram in figure 32-2 shows an example of a joint involved in lifting your arms above your head?

Diagram A

Which diagram in Figure 32-2 shows an example of a joint involved in kicking a soccer ball?

Diagram B

Which scientist made x-ray diffraction photos of DNA?

Franklin

Which of the following is true?

RNA is usually single-stranded

What is produced during transcription?

RNA molecules

In eukaryotes

Transcription takes place in the nucleus, and translation takes place in the cytoplasm.

What three characteristics are used to classify prokaryotes?

by shape, how they move, and how they get energy

The instructions for making new copies of a virus are

coded in either RNA or DNA

In the kidneys, both useful substances and wastes are removed from the blood by

filtration

Which of the following is a chromosomal mutation?

inversion

Which structure in Figure 30-2 removes excess water, urea and metabolic waste from the blood? (refer test for image)

kidney

What body part has a joint that works in a manner similar to a door?

knee

Through which structure do wastes pass into the rectum?

large intestine

Which type of RNA brings the information in the genetic code from the nucleus to other parts of the cell?

mRNA

Cells of the nervous system that transmit electrical signals to various organs in the body are called

neurons

The inflammatory response can cause

pain, swelling, and fever

Bacteria that cause disease are called

pathogens

Genes contain instructions for assembling

proteins

What three materials make up many viruses?

proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids

Which of these is a function of the circulatory system?

removing wastes from tissues

In the heart, the mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood is prevented by the

septum

When you move your fingers to type a text message, you are using motor neurons of the

somatic nervous system

A genus is composed of a number of similar

species

Based on their names, you know that the baboons Papio annubis and Papio cynocephalus do NOT belong to the same

species

The second part of a scientific name is unique to each

species in its genus

At any level of organization, groups that have biological meaning are referred to as

taxa

What type of tough connective tissue joins skeletal muscles to bones?

tendons

According to the rules of binomial nomenclature, which of the terms is capitalized?

the genus names only

Griffin called the process he observed transformation because

the harmless bacteria had been transformed

Bacteria and archaeological differ in

the makeup of their cell walls

What did Griffith observe when he injected a mixture of heat-killed, disease-causing bacteria and live harmless bacteria into mice?

the mice developed pneumonia

The body's most important nonspecific defense is

the skin

During normal mitotic cell division, a parent cell that has four chromosomes will produce two daughter cells, each containing

4 chromosomes

In Linnaeus's system of classification, how many levels are there?

7

Refer to Figure 31-1. Which structure carries impulses to the cell body?

A

Which structure or structures shown in Figure 20-1 have key differences in bacteria and archaea? (refer to test for image)

A and B

Which diagram(s) in Figure 32-3 show(s) muscles that are striated? (refer to test for image)

A and C

In Figure 32-3, which diagram is an example of a muscle that moves food through your digestive system? (refer to test for image)

B

Which structure in Figure 34-1 releases hormones that regulate many of the other endocrine glands? (refer to test for image)

B

Which of the bacterial cells shown in Figure 20-2 is a coccus?

C

Often, the second part of a scientific name is

a description of a trait or habitat

A mutation that involved one or a few nucleotides is called

a point mutation

Which of these is a function of your skin?

all of the above: keeps your body cool when you exercise, releases waste products like urea and salts, helps prevent pathogens from entering your body

Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?

arteries

Which division of the nervous system speeds up your heart rate?

autonomic

What do bacteriophages infect?

bacteria

Which of the following is NOT a viral disease?

botulism

Which organ does not have pain receptors?

brain

During what process do prokaryotes exchange genetic information?

conjugation

What is shown in Figure 11-4? (refer to test for image)

crossing-over

Which two bases pair together in DNA?

cytosine and guanine

Prokaryotes that break down dead organisms and wastes are called

decomposers

Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?

deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine

Neurons are classified by the

direction in which they carry impulses

What "food tube" carries food between the pharynx and the stomach?

esophagus