Biology-Final review
What structure serves as a passageway for both air and food?
pharynx
Several different classes make up a
phylum
Which are the two highest level taxa in the Linnaean system?
phylum and kingdom
Which of the following is a gland of the endocrine system?
pituitary gland
Viral diseases can be
prevented with vaccines but not treated with antibiotics
Which of the following is NOT a function of the pancreas?
producing bile
The most important function of the skin is
protection
The stomach breaks down food into a soft, partially digested mixture called
chyme
Which blood cells are most numerous in the body?
red
Look at Figure 30-2. Filtered blood leaves the kidney and returns to circulation through the (refer to test for image)
renal vein
In Figure 34-1, structure E produces which of the following hormones where you're feeling stress about a big test? (refer to test for image)
epinephrine
Which structure in the kidneys' nephrons is mainly responsible for the filtration of the blood?
glomerulus
Most mutations
have no effect on an organism
Which division(s) of the peripheral nervous system transmit(s) impulses from sense organs to the central nervous system?
sensory division
The structures labeled B in figure 11-5 are called
sister chromatids
Which of these is a part of the integumentary system?
skin, hair, and nails
Which bacteria killed the mice in Griffith's transformation experiment?
live, harmless bacteria and heat-killed, harmful bacteria
Unlike lytic viruses, lysogenic viruses do NOT
lyse the host cell right away
Gametes are produced by the process of
meiosis
One goal of scientists is to assign every organism a universally accepted name according to the system known as
binomial nomenclature
Which are the components of the circulatory system?
blood, blood vessels, and heart
What do ligaments hold together in a joint?
bones
The outer protein coat of a virus is called a
capsid
Figure 20-1 shows the structure of (refer to test for image)
a bacterium
Which of the following is the correct order from simplest to most complex for the levels of organization in the human body?
cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
The structure labeled A in Figure 11-5 is called the
centromere
Where does the process of chemical digestion begin?
mouth
What enzyme found in saliva breaks chemical bonds in starches forming sugars?
amylase
What begins when a neuron is stimulated by another neuron or by a stimulus in the environment?
an impulse
The basic types of tissue in the human body are
muscle, nervous, connective, epithelial
Which system coordinates the body's response to changes in its internal and external environment?
nervous system
Which of the following is NOT a way in which humans rely on prokaryotes?
to form a symbiotic relationship and obtain ammonia
What is the function of the central nervous system?
to process information and form a response
After complex organic molecules have been absorbed in the small intestine, what materials are left behind?
water and cellulose
Which of the following is the name of a type of chromosomal mutation AND a type of gene mutation?
deletion
RNA contains the sugar
ribose
About how many bones are found in an adult human skeleton?
206
How many main types of RNA are there?
3
If an organism's diploid number is 12, its haploid number is
6
Which structure in Figure 30-1 uses muscle contractions to produce a churning motion that breaks up food?
D
From which molecules are mRNA molecules transcribed?
DNA
Look at Figure 30-1. In which structure is water extracted from digested food?
H
The number of chromosomes in a gamete is represented by the symbol
N
Refer to Figure 31-1. Which structure carries impulses away from the cell body?
C
Each pea-plant gamete has how many alleles for the height gene?
1
Which system regulates and controls growth, development, and metabolism?
endocrine system
What does Figure 13-2 show?
the genetic code
What is the basic structure of a virus?
DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat
What did Avery conclude caused transformation?
DNA was the transforming factor
Which structure in Figure 34-1 regulates the level of calcium in the blood? (refer to test for image)
F
Which diagram in figure 32-2 shows an example of a joint involved in lifting your arms above your head?
Diagram A
Which diagram in Figure 32-2 shows an example of a joint involved in kicking a soccer ball?
Diagram B
Which scientist made x-ray diffraction photos of DNA?
Franklin
Which of the following is true?
RNA is usually single-stranded
What is produced during transcription?
RNA molecules
In eukaryotes
Transcription takes place in the nucleus, and translation takes place in the cytoplasm.
What three characteristics are used to classify prokaryotes?
by shape, how they move, and how they get energy
The instructions for making new copies of a virus are
coded in either RNA or DNA
In the kidneys, both useful substances and wastes are removed from the blood by
filtration
Which of the following is a chromosomal mutation?
inversion
Which structure in Figure 30-2 removes excess water, urea and metabolic waste from the blood? (refer test for image)
kidney
What body part has a joint that works in a manner similar to a door?
knee
Through which structure do wastes pass into the rectum?
large intestine
Which type of RNA brings the information in the genetic code from the nucleus to other parts of the cell?
mRNA
Cells of the nervous system that transmit electrical signals to various organs in the body are called
neurons
The inflammatory response can cause
pain, swelling, and fever
Bacteria that cause disease are called
pathogens
Genes contain instructions for assembling
proteins
What three materials make up many viruses?
proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids
Which of these is a function of the circulatory system?
removing wastes from tissues
In the heart, the mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood is prevented by the
septum
When you move your fingers to type a text message, you are using motor neurons of the
somatic nervous system
A genus is composed of a number of similar
species
Based on their names, you know that the baboons Papio annubis and Papio cynocephalus do NOT belong to the same
species
The second part of a scientific name is unique to each
species in its genus
At any level of organization, groups that have biological meaning are referred to as
taxa
What type of tough connective tissue joins skeletal muscles to bones?
tendons
According to the rules of binomial nomenclature, which of the terms is capitalized?
the genus names only
Griffin called the process he observed transformation because
the harmless bacteria had been transformed
Bacteria and archaeological differ in
the makeup of their cell walls
What did Griffith observe when he injected a mixture of heat-killed, disease-causing bacteria and live harmless bacteria into mice?
the mice developed pneumonia
The body's most important nonspecific defense is
the skin
During normal mitotic cell division, a parent cell that has four chromosomes will produce two daughter cells, each containing
4 chromosomes
In Linnaeus's system of classification, how many levels are there?
7
Refer to Figure 31-1. Which structure carries impulses to the cell body?
A
Which structure or structures shown in Figure 20-1 have key differences in bacteria and archaea? (refer to test for image)
A and B
Which diagram(s) in Figure 32-3 show(s) muscles that are striated? (refer to test for image)
A and C
In Figure 32-3, which diagram is an example of a muscle that moves food through your digestive system? (refer to test for image)
B
Which structure in Figure 34-1 releases hormones that regulate many of the other endocrine glands? (refer to test for image)
B
Which of the bacterial cells shown in Figure 20-2 is a coccus?
C
Often, the second part of a scientific name is
a description of a trait or habitat
A mutation that involved one or a few nucleotides is called
a point mutation
Which of these is a function of your skin?
all of the above: keeps your body cool when you exercise, releases waste products like urea and salts, helps prevent pathogens from entering your body
Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
arteries
Which division of the nervous system speeds up your heart rate?
autonomic
What do bacteriophages infect?
bacteria
Which of the following is NOT a viral disease?
botulism
Which organ does not have pain receptors?
brain
During what process do prokaryotes exchange genetic information?
conjugation
What is shown in Figure 11-4? (refer to test for image)
crossing-over
Which two bases pair together in DNA?
cytosine and guanine
Prokaryotes that break down dead organisms and wastes are called
decomposers
Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?
deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine
Neurons are classified by the
direction in which they carry impulses
What "food tube" carries food between the pharynx and the stomach?
esophagus