Bio 206 exam 1 review

Think about a 10% saline solution (saline refers to salt.). Which of the following is a correct statement?

It contains 10% solute and 90% solvent

What is the function of the annulus fibrosus?

Its collagen fibers attach the intervertebral disc to the bodies of adjacent vertebrae.

In the body, what type of functions do positive feedback loops perform?

Positive feedback loops operate when a potentially dangerous or stressful process must be completed quickly before homeostasis can be restored.

Anatomically, the forearm is known as which of the following?

antebrachium

The glycocalyx:

binds to extracellular structures and is important in cell recognition and lubrication of the cell surface

A red blood cell (RBC) in a hypotonic solution:

may hemolyze

Abduction is a __________.

movement away from the midline

condylar joints; such as that between the radius and scaphoid; are capable of what typer of movement?

opposition

At puberty, __________.

osteoblasts begin producing bone faster than chondrocytes are producing new epiphyseal cartilage

Which component is NOT present in spongy bone?

osteons

Which of the following represents a gliding joint?

sternoclavicular joints

Which is the last phase of endochondral ossification?

An epiphyseal cartilage separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis.

In humans, cells:

Do not exist as independent entities

Firm, rubbery matrix is a structural feature of which connective tissue type?

cartilage

Rickets develops in growing children who are not exposed to sunlight and, therefore, have a deficiency of __________.

cholecalciferol

Patterns established by these fibers determine the lines of cleavage.

collagen and elastic fibers

With aging, hair turns gray or white due to which of the following causes?

decreased melanocyte activity

The terms thick and thin refer to the relative thickness of which structure?

epidermis

Which tissue type lines the inner surfaces of the blood vessels and heart?

epithelial tissue

Which bone is NOT formed via intramembranous ossification?

femur

During wound repair, the activity of which cells leads to the appearance of collagen fibers and typical ground substance

fibroblasts

Which tissue type, found within the knee joint and between the pubic bones of the pelvis, resists compression and limits relative movement?

fibrocartilage

Long nones have _____ covering their _______; where they articulate with other bones

hyaline cartilage; ephyises

Movement in the anterior-posterior plane that increases the angle between articulating elements past the anatomical position is called __________.

hyperextension

Which primary vertebral ligament connects the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae?

interspinous ligament

Which sensory receptor is found in the deep layer of the dermis?

lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscle

which layer of the bone is connected to the ligament

periosteum

The extracellular matrix of connective tissues consists of which of the following?

protein fibers and ground substance

At which joint do pronation and supination occur?

proximal radio-ulnar joint

Which appendicular joint firmly attaches the axial skeleton to the pelvic girdle?

sacro-iliac joint

Which class of bones develops inside tendons and is most commonly located near joints at the knees, the hands, and the feet

sesamoid bones

Tertiary protein structure results mainly from which interaction or bonding?

the interactions between the polypeptide chain and the surrounding water molecules

What is the function of enzymes?

to lower the activation energy requirements of a reaction

In cardiac physiology, why must blood pressure in the major arteries be maintained within normal limits?

to prevent vessel damage and vessel collapse from high and low pressures, respectively

Which of the following is not a surface feature of the pelvis?

trochanter