Biology II Chapter 25, 26, 27

The __________ is the male sexual structure that produces sperm in plants. a. antheridium b. archegonium c. stoma d. sporangium e. strobilus

A. antheridium

The most common mode of reproduction in bacteria is: a. binary fission. b. transformation. c. transduction. d. conjugation. e. mitosis

A. binary fission.

Alternation of generations in plants refers to the alternation of: a. diploid and haploid stages. b. male and female stages. c. meiotic and mitotic stages. d. spore and seed stages. e. thallus and leaf stages

A. diploid and haploid stages.

The leafy fern that you might have as a house plant is the __________ generation. a. diploid sporophyte b. diploid gametophyte c. haploid sporophyte d. haploid gametophyte e. triploid sporophyte

A. diploid sporophyte

Refer to Figure 26-1. The function of the structure labeled 4 is: a. food intake. b. digestion. c. waste elimination. d. water discharge. e. asexual reproduction.

A. food intake.

Members of the __________ are thought to have given rise to plants. a. green algae b. red algae c. euglenoids d. dinoflagellates e. diatoms

A. green algae

The cuticle in plants helps in preventing: a. dessication. b. transpiration. c. diffusion of gases. d. translocation of food. e. translocation of minerals

a. dessication

The gametophyte generation of ferns is called the: a. prothallus. b. protonema. c. gemma. d. thallus. e. fiddlehead

a. prothallus

In mosses, the __________ grows into the leafy gametophyte plant. a. protonema b. seta c. capsule d. antheridium e. prothallus

a. protonema

Members of this group typically consist of amoeboid cells surrounded by a hard outer shell through which cytoplasmic projections extend. a. rhizarians b. archaeplastids c. unikonts d. euglenoids e. opisthokonts

a. rhizarians

The transition from the gametophyte into the sporophyte generation occurs at the point in Figure 27-2 labeled: a. 1. b. 4. c. 6. d. 8. e. 9.

b. 4

__________ are small leaves with a single vascular strand. a. Megaphylls b. Microphylls c. Thalli d. Strobili e. Sori

b. Microphylls

Late blight of potatoes that caused the Irish potato famine is caused by members of the genus __________. a. Myxomycota b. Phytophthora c. Giardia d. Macrocystis c. Physarum

b. Phytophthora

Many seedless plants produce spores of one morphological type, which is referred to as: a. heterospory. b. sporogeny. c. megaspory. d. homospory. e. microspory.

d. homospory

Refer to Figure 26-3. The structure at point 6 in the life cycle: a. is a zoospore. b. was produced by mitosis. c. was produced by meiosis. d. is diploid. e. is a structure in which mitosis occurs..

d. is diploid.

A key step in the evolution of vascular plants was the ability to produce __________, a strengthening polymer in the walls of cells that function in support and conduction. a. lignin b. cellulose c. starch d. fructose e. cutin

A. lignin

What am I? I am an anaerobic excavate that is an endosymbiont of animals. a. parabasilid b. diatom c. euglenoid d. dinoflagellate e. actinopod

A. parabasilid

Based on the most recent data available, the protist kingdom is: a. paraphyletic. b. monophyletic. c. composed only of unicells. d. composed of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. e. entirely microscopic

A. paraphyletic

Members of this group are characterized by a multinucleate amoeboid-like feeding form called a plasmodium. a. plasmodial slime molds b. water molds c. ameobozoa d. brown algae e. cellular slime molds

A. plasmodial slime molds

Which group of algae are a commercial source of agar and carrageenan? a. red algae b. brown algae c. dinoflagellates d. euglenoids e. green algae

A. red algae

You find a unicellular organism that forms lobe-like pseudopodia. When you expose the cells to cAMP, they aggregate into a slug like structure. Based on this information, you correctly conclude that this organism is: a. Entamoeba histolytica. b. Dictyostelium discoideum. c. Chaos carolinense. d. Chlamydomonas. e. Physarum polycephalum

B. Dictyostelium discoideum.

__________ are dormant structures formed by bacteria in response to adverse environmental conditions. a. Capsids b. Endospores c. Exotoxins d. Endotoxins e. Heterocysts

B. Endospores

__________ are Archaea that are typically found in abnormally hot environments. a. Extreme halophiles b. Extreme thermophiles c. Pyrrhanogens d. Methanogens e. Psychrophiles

B. Extreme thermophiles

Coal deposits formed when forested areas were inundated with water and the __________ conditions that resulted promoted incomplete decomposition of the vegetation into coal. a. aerobic b. anaerobic c. oxidizing d. desiccating e. saline

B. anaerobic

Malaria is caused by an __________, which is carried to a host by a __________. a. apicomplexan; fly b. apicomplexan; mosquito c. apicomplexan; body louse d. actinopod; fly e. actinopod; mosquito

B. apicomplexan; mosquito

Rod-shaped bacteria are called: a. streptococci. b. bacilli. c. diplococci. d. vibrio. e. spirochete

B. bacilli

Which of the following is not a seedless plant? a. moss b. conifer c. fern d. club moss e. hornwort

B. conifer

Which of the following is a vascular plant? a. moss b. fern c. liverwort d. hornwort e. charophyte

B. fern

The sori of most ferns are found on the: a. fiddleheads. b. fronds. c. rhizomes. e. prothalli. d. antheridia

B. fronds

The __________ generation is dominant in mosses, as it can live independently. a. haploid sporophyte b. haploid gametophyte c. diploid sporophyte d. diploid gametophyte e. triploid sporophyte

B. haploid gametophyte

What am I? I have a jointed hollow stem with reduced megaphylls. a. moss b. horsetail c. club moss d. whisk fern e. hornwort

B. horsetail

Small circles of DNA called __________ exist in addition to the bacterial chromosome. a. capsids b. plasmids c. chromatids d. pili e. centromeres

B. plasmids

The first eukaryotic cells to evolve from ancestral prokaryotes were: a. fungi. b. protists. c. endosymbionts. d. plants. e. animals

B. protists

Gram-positive bacteria would stain __________ in a gram stain because of a thick layer of __________ in their cell walls. a. green; peptidoglycan b. purple (violet); peptidoglycan c. green; cellulose d. purple (violet); polysaccharides e. red; polysaccharides

B. purple; peptidoglycan

Penicillin works most effectively against gram-positive bacteria because: a. penicillin affects cell membranes. b. they have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall, and penicillin affects the synthesis of peptidoglycans. c. they have special protein channels that allow penicillin to enter the cell and halt the cell cycle. d. they are smaller than gram-negative bacteria and, thus, easily take up penicillin by diffusion. e. they contain prophages that negatively interact with penicillin

B. they have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall, and penicillin affects the synthesis of peptidoglycans.

All of the following statements about the brown algae are true except: a. this group includes the most complex algae that have blades, stipes, and holdfasts. b. they share a common ancestor with representatives of the plant kingdom. c. they represent the largest members of the algae called seaweeds. d. they are harvested for algin, which is used in a variety of commercial products. e. they are ecologically important as producers and in providing habitats along rocky coastlines.

B. they share a common ancestor with representatives of the plant kingdom.

Which of the following statements about bacteria is false? a. A small percentage of bacteria are pathogenic. b. Some bacteria can photosynthesize. c. Bacteria are important decomposers. d. Bacteria are not cellular and are sometimes not classified as life forms. e. Bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia and then nitrates that can be used by plants.

C. Bacteria are not cellular and are sometimes not classified as life forms.

__________ is a form of genetic exchange in bacteria that involves contact between two cells. a. Transformation b. Transduction c. Conjugation d. Binary fission e. Budding

C. Conjugation

Which of the following statements concerning biofilms is FALSE? a. They are formed by bacteria living in a watery environment. b. They enable bacteria to attach to solid surfaces. c. They are usually less than 2 mm thick. d. An example is dental plaque. e. They may develop on surgical implants.

C. They are usually less than 2 mm thick.

The most recent group of plants to evolve are the: a. liverworts. b. hornworts. c. angiosperms. d. gymnosperms. e. mosses

C. angiosperms

Terrestrial plants obtain carbon dioxide, required for photosynthesis, from the: a. soil. b. roots. c. atmosphere. d. water. e. sun.

C. atmosphere

Characteristics shared between green algae and plants include: a. stomata in the surface of leaves. b. multicellular gametangia. c. chlorophylls a and b in plastids. d. a waxy cuticle. e. stomata in the surface of stems.

C. chlorophylls a and b in plastids.

Microphylls are found only in __________. a. hornworts b. liverworts c. club mosses d. ferns e. whisk ferns

C. club mosses

In plants the fertilized egg develops into a multicellular __________ (young plant) within a female gametangium. a. zygote b. seed c. embryo d. endosperm e. cotyledon

C. embryo

Mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells probably originated from: a. fungi. b. protists. c. endosymbionts. d. plants. e. animals.

C. endosymbionts

Bacterial __________ cause systemic symptoms such as fever, whereas bacterial __________ cause more specific maladies. a. phages; prophages b. prophages; phages c. endotoxins; exotoxins d. exotoxins; endotoxins e. exotoxins; phages

C. endotoxins; exotoxins

Who am I? I have the same photosynthetic pigments as plants, but I can also obtain nutrients by ingestion. a. plasmodium b. Amoeba c. euglenoids d. Giardia e. Paramecium

C. euglenoids

What am I? I am a unicellular, biflagellate stramenopile that forms a significant portion of the nonplankton. a. brown algae b. ciliates c. golden algae d. foraminifera e. red algae

C. golden algae

The gametophyte of most liverworts is referred to as: a. a seta. b. gemmae. c. a thallus. d. a frond. e. a prothallus

C. thallus

Even though bacteria lack membrane-bound organelles, such as chloroplasts and mitochondria, they can still perform the functions of these organelles by localizing certain metabolic enzymes on: a. the nuclear membranes. b. the endoplasmic reticulum. c. the plasma membrane. d. ribosomes. e. the cell wall.

C. the plasma membrane.

Some bacteria avoid being phagocytized by a host's immune system by means of: a. efficient use of their flagella. b. ameboid motion. c. their capsule. d. changing their cell wall structure. e. eliminating the use of a membrane

C. their capsule.

One unique characteristic associated with some of the extreme halophilic Archaea is that: a. they are found at deep-sea vents on the sea floor. b. they are a source of most known antibiotics. c. they have photosynthetic ability involving a purple bacteriorhodopsin pigment. d. they fix atmospheric nitrogen that is then used by plants. e. most form symbiotic associations.

C. they have photosynthetic ability involving a purple bacteriorhodopsin pigment.

The outcome of the process illustrated in Figure 26-2 is: a. four new genetically identical cells that differ genetically from what they were before. b. four new but genetically distinct cells. c. two new genetically identical cells that differ genetically from what they were before. d. two new but genetically distinct cells. e. one male and one female cell.

C. two new genetically identical cells that differ genetically from what they were before.

Mosses and liverworts are limited in size because they lack: a. sperm. b. eggs. c. vascular tissues. d. stomata. e. reproductive structures

C. vascular tissues.

The most economically important bryophyte is: a. Equisetum. b. Anthoceros. c. Psilotum. d. Sphagnum. e. Lycopodium

D. Sphagnum

Most bacterial cells keep from bursting in a hypotonic environment by: a. an efficient water pump. b. a tough cell membrane. c. pumping large quantities of salts into the cell. d. a rigid cell wall. e. a stiff capsule.

D. a rigid cell wall.

Refer to Figure 26-3. The process occurring at point 1 in the life cycle is: a. fertilization. b. sexual reproduction. c. meiosis. d. asexual reproduction. e. syngamy.

D. asexual reproduction.

A bacterium that uses the oxidation of inorganic compounds to provide energy for manufacturing nutritious organic compounds is a: a. photoautotroph. b. parasite. c. saprotroph. d. chemoautotroph. e. pathogen

D. chemoautotroph

In Paramecium, the surface of the cell is covered with thousands of short, hair-like __________. a. plasmadesmata b. pseudopods c. flagella d. cilia e. trichomes

D. cilia

Some protists consist of a single cell with multiple nuclei. This condition is known as: a. mycelium. b. alternation of generations. c. multicellular. d. coenocytic. e. colonial

D. coenocytic

Individuals in this group often have intracellular shells of interlocking plates. a. green algae b. red algae c. euglenoids d. dinoflagellates e. diatoms

D. dinoflagellates

Members of which group are one of the most important producers in marine ecosystems, although sometimes they form blooms known as red tides? a. green algae b. red algae c. euglenoids d. dinoflagellates e. brown algae

D. dinoflagellates

Most bacteria are: a. photoheterotrophs. b. chemoheterotrophs. c. autotrophs. d. heterotrophs. c. chemoautotrophs

D. heterotrophs

Bacteria: a. are incapable of locomotion. b. move by means of pili c. move by means of cilia. d. move by means of a rotating flagella. e. move by means of a whiplike flagella

D. move by means of a rotating flagella.

Pseudopodia are used by Amoeba for ingesting food as well as for: a. reproduction. b. excretion. c. digestion. d. movement. e. avoiding predation.

D. movement

Symbiotic association in which one partner lives on or in another and metabolically depends on it is called: a. symbiosis. b. mutualism. c. commensalisms. d. parasitism. e. colonialism..

D. parasitism

A chain of round bacteria would be called: a. spirilla. b. diplococci. c. bacilli. d. streptococci. e. streptobacilli.

D. streptococci

The most significant difference between the Archaea and the Bacteria is: a. lack of a nuclear envelope in the Archaea. b. the absence of the 70S ribosomes in the Bacteria. c. the presence of a single filament flagellum in the Bacteria. d. the absence of peptidoglycans in the cell walls of the Archaea. e. the presence of fatty acids in the plasma membranes of the Archaea

D. the absence of peptidoglycans in the cell walls of the Archaea.

Koch's postulates include all the following except: a. when a sample of a pure culture is injected into a healthy host, it causes the same disease. b. a sample of the microorganism from a diseased host can be grown in pure culture. c. the microorganism can be recovered from an experimentally infected host. d. the microorganism must be visible in the electron microscope. e. the pathogen must be present in every individual with the disease

D. the microorganism must be visible in the electron microscope.

Pili are involved in adhesion of bacterial cells to a substrate or host, or in transmission of __________ between bacteria. a. ribosomes b. cytoplasm c. vectors d. RNA e. DNA

E. DNA

Prokaryotes have their genetic information stored in: a. several small, circular pieces of DNA. b. a single, small, circular piece of DNA. c. a large, linear piece of DNA. d. several small, linear pieces of DNA. e. a large, circular piece of DNA

E. a large, circular piece of DNA.

The volume of a typical bacterium is about __________ the volume of a typical eukaryotic cell. a. equal to b. a half c. a tenth d. a hundredth e. a thousandth

E. a thousandth

Moss sperm are transported to the archegonia by: a. wind. b. water. c. hummingbirds. d. insects. e. both insects and water.

E. both insects and water.

Which algal group contains individuals that are typically unicellular and form siliceous shells? a. green algae b. red algae c. brown algae d. dinoflagellates e. diatoms

E. diatoms

The oldest known fossils suggest that the __________ may have been the first plants to inhabit land. a. mosses b. hornworts c. ferns d. angiosperms e. liverworts

E. liverworts

Microsporocytes divide by __________ to form __________. a. meiosis; megapores b. mitosis; megaspores c. mitosis; microspores d. meiosis; microspore mother cells e. meiosis; microspores

E. meiosis; microspores

A(n) __________ bacterium would not be able to survive in the presence of oxygen. a. facultative aerobic b. facultative anaerobic c. facultative autotrophic d. obligate aerobic e. obligate anaerobic

E. obligate anaerobic

Heterospory was an important evolutionary development, as it led to the evolution of: a. pollen. b. eggs. c. xylem. d. phloem. e. seeds

E. seeds

You find a protist that has a single flagellum surrounded by a collar of microvilli. You correctly conclude that this organism is: a. a cellular slime mold. b. a choanoflagellate. c. a plasmodial slime mold. d. not a unikont. e. not motile

b. choanoflagellate

The __________ are excavates that lack functional mitochondria and Golgi. a. cryptomonads b. chrysophytes c. diplomonads d. water molds e. slime molds

c. diplomonads