Biology lesson 2
embryo sac
female gametophyte within the ovule of a flowering plant
double fertilization
fertilization in angiosperms, in which two distinct fertilization events take place between the male and female gametophytes
anther
flower structure in which haploid male gametophytes are produced
endosperm
food-rich tissue that nourishes a seedling as it grows
gibberellin
growth-promoting substance produced by plants
ovary
a flower structure that contains on or more ovules from which female gametophytes are produced
endosperm
a food-rich tissue that nourishes the seedling as it grows
filament
a long, thin structure that supports an anther
stolon
a long, trailing stem that produces roots when it touches the ground
petals
attract pollinators to flowers
petal
brightly colored structure just inside the sepals; attracts insects and other pollinators to a flower
target cell
cell that has a receptor for particular hormone
herbicide
compound that is toxic to plants
pollen cone
cone in gymnosperms that produces male gametophytes in the form of pollen grains
seed cone
cone that produces female gametophytes
dormancy
during this period, plant embryos are alive but not growing
germination
early growth stage of a plant embryo
anther
in angiosperms, pollen grains are produced within the
pollen cones
in gymnosperms, pollen grains form in
seed cones
in gymnosperms, the female gametophyte is produced by
apical dominance
inhibition of lateral bud growth near stem tips
carpel
innermost part of a flower that produces the female gametophytes
abscission layer
layer of cells at the petiole that seals off a leaf from the vascular system
stamen
male part of the flower; made up of an anther and a filament
lateral bud
meristematic area of the side of a stem that gives rise to side branches
lateral bud
meristematic area on the side of a stem that gives rise to side brahnces
vegetative reproduction
method of asexual reproduction used by many flowering plants
style
narrow stalk of the carpel in the flower
sepal
outermost circle of flower parts that encloses a bud before it opens and protects the flower while it is developing
dormancy
period of time during which a plant embryo is alive but now growing
apical dominance
phenomenon in which the closer a bud is to the stem's tip, the more its growth is inhibited
ethylene
plant hormone that stimulates fruits to ripen
cytokinin
plant hormones that are produced in growing roots and in developing fruits and seeds
gibberellins
plant hormones that increase the overall size of plants
auxins
plant hormones that stimulate cell elongation
phytochrome
plant pigment responsible for photoperiodism
phytochrome
plant pigment that responses to periods of sunlight
epiphyte
plant that is not rooted in soil but instead grow directly on the body of another plant
epiphytes
plants that are not rooted in soil and grow directly on other plants
xerophyte
plants that lives in the desert biome
double fertilization
process in angiosperms produces a diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm
budding
process of attaching a bud to a plant to produce a new branch
phototropism
response of a plant to light
photoperiodism
response of a plant to periods of light and darkness
gravitropism
response of a plant to the force of gravity
thigmotropism
response of a plant to touch
tropisms
responses of plants to external stimuli
grafting
stems are used as scions
stigma
sticky portion at the top of the style where pollen grains frequently land
stolons
strawberry plants send out long trailing stems called ________ that produce roots when they touch the ground
pollen tube
structure grown by a pollen grain; contains two haploid sperm nuclei
ovule
structure in seed cones in which female gametophytes develop
hormone
substance produced in one part of an organism that affects another part of the organism
auxin
substance produced in the tip of a seedling that stimulates cell elongation
germination
the early stage of the plant embryo
embryo sac
the female gametophyte of the flowering plant consisting of eight nuclei and the surround membrane
stigma
the sticky portion of the carpel where pollen grains often land
grafting
use of a stem as a scion
pollen tube
when a pollen grain lands on a stigma, it begins to grow a
budding
when buds are used as scions
vegetative reproduction
when flowering plants reproduce asexually
