Biology Midterm: 1.4 Packet Answers
Which of the following organisms can perform alcoholic fermentation? 1. yeast, 2. humans, 3. bacteria.
1 and 3 (yeast and bacteria)
Fermentation involves which stages of cellular respiration? 1. glycolysis, 2. the Krebs cycle, or 3. electron transport?
1 only (glycolysis)
Without oxygen, organisms can just split glucose into ____ molecules of pyruvate.
2
A way of making ______ without oxygen is called fermentation.
ATP
Aerobic respiration produces much more ______ than anaerobic respiration.
ATP
energy in the cell
ATP
Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration, and discuss the advantages of each.
Aerobic respiration uses oxygen, while anaerobic respiration does not. Aerobic advantages: - The amount of energy it releases - oxygen allows organisms to break down glucose into carbon dioxide. - releases enough energy to produce up to 38 molecules of ATP. Anaerobic advantages: - Let's organisms live in places where there is little oxygen such as deep water, soil and animal digestive tracts. - produces ATP very quickly
Why do your muscles get sore after intense activity?
Because your muscle cells used lactic acid fermentation for energy which causes the lactic acid to build up in your muscles which makes your muscles feel tired and sore.
Alcoholic fermentation explains why your muscles are sore after intense exercise.
False
Anaerobic respiration is a very slow process.
False
Anaerobic respiration produces much more ATP than aerobic respiration.
False
Fermentation is the process of making ATP in the presence of oxygen.
False
Fermentation recycles NADP+
False
Some organisms may may not be able to survive in the presence of oxygen.
False
There are three type of fermentation: anaerobic, aerobic, and cellular.
False
What is fermentation?
Fermentation is a way of making ATP from glucose without oxygen.
Why is NAD+ so important in fermentation?
It allows glycolysis to continue so it can make ATP.
recycles during fermentation
NAD+
Both lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation begin with the same molecule. What is that molecule and where did it come from?
The molecule is pyruvate acid and it came from glycolysis.
Why is bread light and fluffy?
The small holes in bread are formed by bubbles of carbon dioxide. The gas was produced by alcoholic fermentation carried out by yeast.
Aerobic respiration evolved after oxygen was added to Earth's atmosphere.
True
Alcoholic fermentation explains why bread dough rises.
True
Anaerobic respiration lets organisms live in places where there is little or no oxygen.
True
Bread rises because of alcoholic fermentation.
True
Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue in the absence of oxygen.
True
Most living things use glucose to make ATP from oxygen.
True
Some organisms can use both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
True
Some plants and fungi and many bacteria do not need oxygen.
True
perform cellular respiration in the presence of oxygen
aerobic respiration
In ________ fermentation, pyruvic acid changes to alcohol and carbon dioxide.
alcoholic
fermentation in which pyruvic acid changes to alcohol and carbon dioxide
alcoholic fermentation
respiration in the absence of oxygen
anaerobic respiration
The small holes in bread are formed by bubbles of ____________, which is produced by alcoholic fermentation in yeast.
carbon dioxide
In alcoholic fermentation...
carbon dioxide is released
Most organisms use oxygen to make ________ from glucose.
energy
an important way of making ATP without oxygen
fermentation
Organisms that can make ATP without oxygen include some plants and ________ and also many bacteria.
fungi
During lactic acid fermentation, NAD+ cycles back to allow ________ to continue.
glycolysis
Fermentation involves _________, but not the other two stages of cellular respiration.
glycolysis
stage of cellular respiration that occurs with or without oxygen
glycolysis
Which of the following is true about anaerobic respiration?
it is a very fast process, it allows organisms to live in places where there is little or no oxygen, and it evolved before aerobic respiration.
In _____________ fermentation, pyruvic acid is from glycolysis changes to lactic acid.
lactic acid
makes your muscles feel tired and sore after intense exercise
lactic acid
fermentation in which pyruvic acid from glycolysis changes to lactic acid
lactic acid fermentation
In lactic acid fermentation...
lactic acid is produced.
can use lactic acid fermentation for energy
muscle cells
Aerobic respiration evolved after ________ was added to Earth's atmosphere.
oxygen
Complete this sentence. Most living things use ______ to make _________ from glucose.
oxygen, ATP
product of glycolysis
pyruvic acid
Both alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation...
start with pyruvic acid, recycle NAD+ from NADH, and allow glycolysis to continue.
After intense activity, your muscles feel sore because of...
the accumulation of lactic acid.
_____ in bread dough use alcoholic fermentation and produce carbon dioxide gas.
yeast
can use alcoholic fermentation for energy
yeast