biology midterm
In figure 10-3, plant 2 has been asexually reproduced from plant 1. If plant 1 has 32 chromosomes in each cell, how many chromosomes will be in the cells of plant 2?
32
Which of the following parts of a nucleotide are found in both DNA and RNA?
5- carbon sugar, phosphate group, and nitro genius base
Which direction is the DNA polymerase on the leading strand building?
5:3
What is the optimal pH for intestinal protease?
7-8
How many chromosomes are shown?
8
How many nitrogen bases total are needed to specify three amino acids?
9
Which pair of nucleotides are held together by three weak hydrogen bonds?
A-T G-C
Using figure 13-2, what sequence of mRNA bases would code for the polypeptide: serine-proline-lysine
AGU CCC AAA
What is the "start" codon?
AUG
which enzymes function to join fragments of DNA together during replication
DNA ligase
What is label D illustrating?
Okuzaki
What is the enzyme that breaks hydrogen bonds AND copies the DNA template to create mRNA?
RNA polymerase
Which enzyme labeled is showing Helicase?
a
Which of the following is a part of the cell theory?
all living things are made up of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things, new cells are produced from existing cells
Which phạse of Mitosis is shown?
anaphase
Which of these is most likely an enzyme (based on suffix)?
ase
The table describes four beakers inside which are plant cells floating in a solution. Within which beaker(s) will water move INSIDE the cell?
beaker 1
Enzyme A is a working enzyme and Enzyme B has been changed and can no longer do its job. If the active sites are still present, then why is Enzyme B no longer working?
because the active site structure has changed
All glucose molecules contain carbon atoms that can ultimately be traced back to
carbon dioxcide
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 ——-> 7 CO2 + H2O + 36 ATP is the equation for...
cellular respiration
which structure is labeled X
centrioles
Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a(n):
codon
All he following are parts of an ADP molecule EXCEPT:
d
determine which molecule is tRNA?
d
Which reaction requires water to be REMOVED from two monomers in order to create a bond between them?
dehydration synthesis
65. The cell membrane is the boundary between a cell and the outside environment. What is the process called that allows for small, non-polar molecules to pass straight through the membrane, going with the concentration gradient?
diffusion
Placing wilted lettuce in distilled water will make it crisp again. Which statement best describes what happens to restore the lettuce to its original condition?
diffusion
Which label correctly represents the leading strand?.
e
The diagram to the right represents a structure involved in cellular respiration. The release of which atmospheric byproduct is represented by the arrows?
energy
Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells because they contain...
eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and a cell membrane bound
The Golgi apparatus works to package molecules, such as proteins and lipids, into vesicles and ship them to the cell membrane to be released from the cell. What transport process will the vesicle use to expel the contents within out of the cell?
exocytosis
A bacterium is surrounded by a medicine in a patient's bloodstream. The medicine will move down the concentration gradient and will not require energy. The particles are very large and cannot pass through the membrane on their own. What type of transport method is needed to move the medicine into the bacterium to kill it?
facilitated diffusion
A cell spends majority of its life in which stage of the cell cycle
g1
Which of the following states the best advantage for a cell to condense the DNA into chromosomes during cell division?
helo from not having the cell get over loaded
Using the data in the graph to the right, determine which combination of conditions provide the greatest rate of photosynthesis.
high temperature and high light
By controlling what is allowed to enter or leave the cell, the cell membrane functions to maintain a stable, internal balance of nutrients and waste. What is this process called?
homeostasis
What type of bond occurs between complementary base pairs in a DNA molecule?
hydrogen bond
Which reaction is occurring in the picture to the right?
hydrolysis
Protease is an enzyme found in our small intestine that breaks down the proteins in meat into individual amino acids. During this reaction, protease...
hydrolyze proteins
In humans, thyroid giand cells need higher levels of iodine than in the blood. If a biologist took away the membrane protein pump that allows thyroid cells to take in iodine, which of the following would you predict?
hypertonic
Which of the following is the best definition of a catalyst?
increases the rate of chemical reactions
what are the stages of the entire cell cycle in order
innerphase, prophase, metaphase,anaphase, telephase, cytokinisis
Which best explains why enzymes are important to living things?
it breaksdown carbon dioxcide
The burning feeling you get in your muscles during exercise is caused by..
lactic acid
Scientists believe that the first organisms that appeared on Earth were prokaryotic. Which of the following characteristics provides evidence that this cell comes from a plant and not from an animal?
large vacuole, chloroplast, cell wall
In the genetic disorder Tay Sachs Disease, the enzyme responsible for breaking down fats in the brain are misshapen. Choose the statement below that best explains what effect this would have on the body.
lease nerve cells
The hydrogen in glucose molecules contains high-energy electrons that absorbed energy during the____________reactions of photosynthesis.
light
The first stage of photosynthesis is
light dependent reactions
Which group of organic macromolecules can hold H. the MOST energy (2x more than any other)?
lipids
Aging mitochondria can lead to cancerous mutations in cells. Which organelle could lower the risk of mutations by destroying the old mitochondria?
lysosomes
What is produced during transcription?
mRNA
determine which molecule is coded directly from DNA and travels to the ribosome?
mRNA
Which amino acid begins every protein?
methionine
76. Where is the majority of ATP produced?
mitocondria
Based on function, which cell organelle pictured above is linked to this condition? Chronic fatigue syndrome is a condition in which a person has abnormally low energy levels and tires easily.
mitocondria
Which statement best explains why Oxygen is the most important reactant in the production of ATP?
more efficient with oxygen
DNA and RNA are examples of
nucleic acid
Which group of biomolecules contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio?
nucleic acid
Which organelle pictured above is referred to as the "control center" of the cell because it holds the cells genetic material?
nucleus
What suffix do most carbohydrates end with?
ose
Which of the factors below can affect the activity of an enzyme?
ph, temperature
A student studying a picture of a cell taken with an electron microscope finds that the cell has no nucleus and no mitochondria. However, the cell does have a cell membrane, a cell wall and ribosomes. Which organism does this cell likely come from?
prokaryotic cell
In figure 13-2, which amino acid is specified by the MRNA code CCC?
proline
46. An enzyme is which type of macromolecule?
protiens
In the diagram to the right, what molecule is labeled A?
protiens
The cell membrane is composed mostly of...
protiens and lipids
important When a mouse is placed under a glass jar, it eventually runs out of oxygen and dies. How could you prevent this from happening?
put a plant into the grass
Which of the following shows the correct sequence for the transfer of information in most organisms?
ribosome
translate the following mRNA strand: AUG-CUC-AAG-UGA
serine-leucine-stop
A cell membrane is permeable to hydrogen but impermeable to sodium ions. Which molecule(s) cannot move into the cell?
sodium ions
Choose which combination of chemical reactions is most accurate Energy reactants for what the graph shows.
speed up chemical reactions
Which of the following statements best describes a catalyst?
speeds ip the rate of a chemical reaction
which structures labeled Y
spindle fibers
In photosynthesis, photolysis occurs in the light dependent reaction. Which statement best describes photolysis?
splits water molecules and oxygen
What happens during translation that guarantees the amino acids will be added to the polypeptide chain in the correct order?
tRNA
determine what label E is representing?
tRNA
Amylase catalyzes the breakdown of carbohydrates and is present in saliva. Pepsin is an enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach. When amylase reaches the stomach it no longer functions. Why?
the acids in the stomach are too high so it no longer functions
The part of the enzyme where the substrate binds is called..
the active site
Which answer below represents the cells in the picture above in the following order: interphase, early prophase, late prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase?
the following D A, E, C,EB
An animal cell containing 5% concentration of solute particles is suspended in a 10% solution of salt water (see image to the right). Which statement below describes what will most likely occur?
the solutions will go into equallibrium
These one-celled, eukaryotic organisms above are often found in freshwater ponds. What is one characteristic they will all have in common?
they are all bacteria
During which stage of protein synthesis do all three types of RNA (MRNA, TRNA and FRNA) work together?
translation
In active transport, protein pumps...
transport molecules or ions through the cell membrane
Which nucleotide indicated the nucleic acid to the right is RNA?
uracil
Beta cells in the pancreas produce large amounts of Insulin, a protein that is packaged and shipped out of the cell and all over the body. Based on this function, which organelles would Beta cells have a large number of in comparison to other human cells?
vacuoles
42. The graph shows two lines displaying the energy change for a reaction with an enzyme and without an enzyme. Choose the statement that best explains why the two lines are different in terms of activation energy and time of the reaction.
without enzymes they have more energy