biology midterm

In figure 10-3, plant 2 has been asexually reproduced from plant 1. If plant 1 has 32 chromosomes in each cell, how many chromosomes will be in the cells of plant 2?

32

Which of the following parts of a nucleotide are found in both DNA and RNA?

5- carbon sugar, phosphate group, and nitro genius base

Which direction is the DNA polymerase on the leading strand building?

5:3

What is the optimal pH for intestinal protease?

7-8

How many chromosomes are shown?

8

How many nitrogen bases total are needed to specify three amino acids?

9

Which pair of nucleotides are held together by three weak hydrogen bonds?

A-T G-C

Using figure 13-2, what sequence of mRNA bases would code for the polypeptide: serine-proline-lysine

AGU CCC AAA

What is the "start" codon?

AUG

which enzymes function to join fragments of DNA together during replication

DNA ligase

What is label D illustrating?

Okuzaki

What is the enzyme that breaks hydrogen bonds AND copies the DNA template to create mRNA?

RNA polymerase

Which enzyme labeled is showing Helicase?

a

Which of the following is a part of the cell theory?

all living things are made up of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things, new cells are produced from existing cells

Which phạse of Mitosis is shown?

anaphase

Which of these is most likely an enzyme (based on suffix)?

ase

The table describes four beakers inside which are plant cells floating in a solution. Within which beaker(s) will water move INSIDE the cell?

beaker 1

Enzyme A is a working enzyme and Enzyme B has been changed and can no longer do its job. If the active sites are still present, then why is Enzyme B no longer working?

because the active site structure has changed

All glucose molecules contain carbon atoms that can ultimately be traced back to

carbon dioxcide

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 ——-> 7 CO2 + H2O + 36 ATP is the equation for...

cellular respiration

which structure is labeled X

centrioles

Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called a(n):

codon

All he following are parts of an ADP molecule EXCEPT:

d

determine which molecule is tRNA?

d

Which reaction requires water to be REMOVED from two monomers in order to create a bond between them?

dehydration synthesis

65. The cell membrane is the boundary between a cell and the outside environment. What is the process called that allows for small, non-polar molecules to pass straight through the membrane, going with the concentration gradient?

diffusion

Placing wilted lettuce in distilled water will make it crisp again. Which statement best describes what happens to restore the lettuce to its original condition?

diffusion

Which label correctly represents the leading strand?.

e

The diagram to the right represents a structure involved in cellular respiration. The release of which atmospheric byproduct is represented by the arrows?

energy

Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells because they contain...

eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and a cell membrane bound

The Golgi apparatus works to package molecules, such as proteins and lipids, into vesicles and ship them to the cell membrane to be released from the cell. What transport process will the vesicle use to expel the contents within out of the cell?

exocytosis

A bacterium is surrounded by a medicine in a patient's bloodstream. The medicine will move down the concentration gradient and will not require energy. The particles are very large and cannot pass through the membrane on their own. What type of transport method is needed to move the medicine into the bacterium to kill it?

facilitated diffusion

A cell spends majority of its life in which stage of the cell cycle

g1

Which of the following states the best advantage for a cell to condense the DNA into chromosomes during cell division?

helo from not having the cell get over loaded

Using the data in the graph to the right, determine which combination of conditions provide the greatest rate of photosynthesis.

high temperature and high light

By controlling what is allowed to enter or leave the cell, the cell membrane functions to maintain a stable, internal balance of nutrients and waste. What is this process called?

homeostasis

What type of bond occurs between complementary base pairs in a DNA molecule?

hydrogen bond

Which reaction is occurring in the picture to the right?

hydrolysis

Protease is an enzyme found in our small intestine that breaks down the proteins in meat into individual amino acids. During this reaction, protease...

hydrolyze proteins

In humans, thyroid giand cells need higher levels of iodine than in the blood. If a biologist took away the membrane protein pump that allows thyroid cells to take in iodine, which of the following would you predict?

hypertonic

Which of the following is the best definition of a catalyst?

increases the rate of chemical reactions

what are the stages of the entire cell cycle in order

innerphase, prophase, metaphase,anaphase, telephase, cytokinisis

Which best explains why enzymes are important to living things?

it breaksdown carbon dioxcide

The burning feeling you get in your muscles during exercise is caused by..

lactic acid

Scientists believe that the first organisms that appeared on Earth were prokaryotic. Which of the following characteristics provides evidence that this cell comes from a plant and not from an animal?

large vacuole, chloroplast, cell wall

In the genetic disorder Tay Sachs Disease, the enzyme responsible for breaking down fats in the brain are misshapen. Choose the statement below that best explains what effect this would have on the body.

lease nerve cells

The hydrogen in glucose molecules contains high-energy electrons that absorbed energy during the____________reactions of photosynthesis.

light

The first stage of photosynthesis is

light dependent reactions

Which group of organic macromolecules can hold H. the MOST energy (2x more than any other)?

lipids

Aging mitochondria can lead to cancerous mutations in cells. Which organelle could lower the risk of mutations by destroying the old mitochondria?

lysosomes

What is produced during transcription?

mRNA

determine which molecule is coded directly from DNA and travels to the ribosome?

mRNA

Which amino acid begins every protein?

methionine

76. Where is the majority of ATP produced?

mitocondria

Based on function, which cell organelle pictured above is linked to this condition? Chronic fatigue syndrome is a condition in which a person has abnormally low energy levels and tires easily.

mitocondria

Which statement best explains why Oxygen is the most important reactant in the production of ATP?

more efficient with oxygen

DNA and RNA are examples of

nucleic acid

Which group of biomolecules contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio?

nucleic acid

Which organelle pictured above is referred to as the "control center" of the cell because it holds the cells genetic material?

nucleus

What suffix do most carbohydrates end with?

ose

Which of the factors below can affect the activity of an enzyme?

ph, temperature

A student studying a picture of a cell taken with an electron microscope finds that the cell has no nucleus and no mitochondria. However, the cell does have a cell membrane, a cell wall and ribosomes. Which organism does this cell likely come from?

prokaryotic cell

In figure 13-2, which amino acid is specified by the MRNA code CCC?

proline

46. An enzyme is which type of macromolecule?

protiens

In the diagram to the right, what molecule is labeled A?

protiens

The cell membrane is composed mostly of...

protiens and lipids

important When a mouse is placed under a glass jar, it eventually runs out of oxygen and dies. How could you prevent this from happening?

put a plant into the grass

Which of the following shows the correct sequence for the transfer of information in most organisms?

ribosome

translate the following mRNA strand: AUG-CUC-AAG-UGA

serine-leucine-stop

A cell membrane is permeable to hydrogen but impermeable to sodium ions. Which molecule(s) cannot move into the cell?

sodium ions

Choose which combination of chemical reactions is most accurate Energy reactants for what the graph shows.

speed up chemical reactions

Which of the following statements best describes a catalyst?

speeds ip the rate of a chemical reaction

which structures labeled Y

spindle fibers

In photosynthesis, photolysis occurs in the light dependent reaction. Which statement best describes photolysis?

splits water molecules and oxygen

What happens during translation that guarantees the amino acids will be added to the polypeptide chain in the correct order?

tRNA

determine what label E is representing?

tRNA

Amylase catalyzes the breakdown of carbohydrates and is present in saliva. Pepsin is an enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach. When amylase reaches the stomach it no longer functions. Why?

the acids in the stomach are too high so it no longer functions

The part of the enzyme where the substrate binds is called..

the active site

Which answer below represents the cells in the picture above in the following order: interphase, early prophase, late prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase?

the following D A, E, C,EB

An animal cell containing 5% concentration of solute particles is suspended in a 10% solution of salt water (see image to the right). Which statement below describes what will most likely occur?

the solutions will go into equallibrium

These one-celled, eukaryotic organisms above are often found in freshwater ponds. What is one characteristic they will all have in common?

they are all bacteria

During which stage of protein synthesis do all three types of RNA (MRNA, TRNA and FRNA) work together?

translation

In active transport, protein pumps...

transport molecules or ions through the cell membrane

Which nucleotide indicated the nucleic acid to the right is RNA?

uracil

Beta cells in the pancreas produce large amounts of Insulin, a protein that is packaged and shipped out of the cell and all over the body. Based on this function, which organelles would Beta cells have a large number of in comparison to other human cells?

vacuoles

42. The graph shows two lines displaying the energy change for a reaction with an enzyme and without an enzyme. Choose the statement that best explains why the two lines are different in terms of activation energy and time of the reaction.

without enzymes they have more energy