Biology MOCK EOC

This diagram represents the bone structures of the front limbs of four different animals. What do the similarities of the structures suggest about these organisms?

They evolved from a common ancestor.

The diagram shows a paramecium, a unicellular protist. When a chemical is added to the pond water in which the Paramecium lives, the Paramecium stops moving. Which structure is most likely affected?

1

The diagram represents a cell. Which organelle is the site where the amino acids are synthesized into proteins?

2

Why must DNA replication have to occur before a cell can divide by mitosis?

To maintain the same number of chromosomes in the daughter cells as in the parent cell.

This diagram shows a cladogram of six species based on amino acid similarities. Which two species are the most closely related?

V and VI

Scientists use zebrafish to study human genetic diseases because zebrafish and humans share many of the same genetic diseases. Which statement describes why zebrafish experience similar genetic diseases as humans?

Zebrafish have nucleotide sequences similar to those of humans.

Which types of organisms developed first due to the early environmental conditions on Earth?

prokaryotic and anaerobic

A student noticed that the freshwater plant, Elodea, produced bubbles when placed in direct light. What could the students most likely conclude?

Bubbles of oxygen were produced as a result of photosynthesis.

How does DNA code for proteins in a cell?

By arranging certain nitrogen bases of the cell in a particular order.

The diagram below shows a phylogenetic tree for animals. Which two groups of organisms have the most genetic differences?

mollusks and arthropods

A sequence of DNA template strand is shown. 3' TCC AAT GGC TTA TTT GCA 5' Which of these is the correct amino acid chain produced from the DNA template strand?

Arginine - Leucine - Proline - Asparagine - Lysine - Arginine

What is the role of mRNA in expressing specialized structures?

Providing information to form proteins.

Which is a step in the process of producing transgenic bacteria?

A human gene is inserted into a bacterial plasmid.

A contractile vacuole helps protists eliminate excess liquid. This is a "pumping" process which reduces pressure inside the cell and prevents the cell from bursting. What is most likely the source of energy for this process?

ATP

This diagram represents a closed terrarium exposed to sunlight. What must happen for the carbon cycle to continue in this terrarium?

All organisms must continue to exchange gases.

Adaptations that result from natural selection are expected to increase the fitness of an organism. In terms of natural selection, which of the following best describes fitness?

Being able to survive, find a mate, and produce offspring.

Which statement best describes the relationship that exists among proteins, DNA, and cells

Cells contain DNA, which controls the production of proteins.

Two people believe they are related. Which would be the best technique to determine if they are related?

Comparing DNA

Plant cells that are specialized for cell division are most likely found in what part of the plant?

Root Tips

Which best summarizes the role of DNA in the production of proteins?

DNA contains the instructions used to make proteins.

Niles Eldredge and Stephen jay Gould researched the lenses of the eyes of fossil trilobites of different species. In 1972 they published a paper in which they described the tendency of a species to remain the same until a sudden change in the environment causes a new related to appear. Which hypothesis was most challenged by the work of Eldredge and Gould?

Darwin's hypothesis that the development of species is a slow, gradual process

What process best explains how a nerve cell and a muscle cell can both develop from the same fertilized egg?

Differentiation

Genetically identical plants will produce either pink flowers or blue flowers, depending on the type of soil in which they are planted. What is most likely the explanation for the differences in flower color?

Environmental factors affect flower color.

Some scientists claim recent evidence suggests birds should be reclassified to share more taxonomic groups with dinosaurs. What type of evidence would provide the best support for this claim?

Evidence showing birds shared a common genetic history with dinosaurs.

Which genetic abnormality can be identified through karyotyping?

Extra chromosome

The white cattail is a hybrid species of plant that is a result of the cross between the broad-leaved cattail and the narrow-leaved cattail. Over time, the white cattail has established itself in the wetlands of Midwestern states. Which of these explains the success of the white cattail?

Favorable genes from parental generations provide advantageous characteristics to the hybrid species.

The diagram represents samples of DNA that were cut with a restriction enzyme during DNA fingerprinting in a crime lab. Which technique was used to produce these bands?

Gel electrophoresis

what advantages do sexually reproducing organisms have over asexually reproducing organisms?

Genetic variation.

Which word equation represents the process of cellular respiration?

Glucose + Oxygen --> Carbon dioxide + Water

In humans, glucose is kept in balance in the bloodstream by insulin. Which concept does this best illustrate?

Homeostasis

Which of the following does not refer to meiosis?

Homologous chromosomes

The results shown in the picture were obtained using a technique known as gel electrophoresis. This technique separates mixtures of DNA. In the picture nine different samples of DNA are compared. Gel electrophoresis can be used to —

Identify how closely two individuals are related.

In which populations does genetic drift most often occur?

In small populations.

What process produces many variations in phenotypes?

Independent assortment

During which phase of the cell cycle does most cell growth occur?

Interphase

In some ecosystems, wolves have been eliminated due to their threats to humans. How can the reintroduction of wolves benefit the ecosystem?

It can eliminate weak animals from a prey population, thereby decreasing competition for natural resources.

Why are many farmers encouraged to plant different types of crops on the same land throughout the year?

It helps to preserve the quality of the soil.

Which statement best explains how sweating during exercise maintains homeostasis?

It regulates body temperature.

Waxes create a waterproof layer on the outside of some living organisms. To which group of organic molecules do waxes belong?

Lipids

Which is a use of genetically engineered bacteria?

Making human insulin for diabetics.

This diagram shows a pedigree for a recessive genetic disorder. What is the genotype of individual 6?

Male dominant

What are the subunits of DNA and their function?

Nucleotides that store information.

Scientists can determine relatedness among organisms by comparing partial amino acid sequences. The table shows four partial amino acid sequences from four organisms. Which organism is the least related to the other three organisms?

Organism 2

What is the basis for the earliest classification system of organisms?

Physical characteristics

What is a major difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Prokaryotes lack a nucleus, eukaryotes have a nucleus.

A scientist treats a cell with a chemical that destroys the ribosomes. As a result, which cell process will be stopped?

Protein Synthesis

A mutation in which types of cells would only affect the organism and not future generations?

Sperm cell and egg cell

A certain mutation for the gene hemoglobin results in the red blood cells becoming sticky, rigid, and irregularly shaped. These irregularly shaped red blood cells block the flow of blood throughout the body. A single base mutation is responsible for these irregularly shaped blood cells. Which of these mutations most likely results in the mutated hemoglobin gene?

Substitution

Which factor most affects the order of amino acids in a protein?

The DNA located in the nucleus of the cell.

The Indian leaf butterfly has traits that allow it to resemble a leaf. The bright colors of the monarch butterfly indicate that the butterfly tastes bad and can be poisonous. How does the appearance of these butterflies help them to survive?

The Indian leaf butterfly is able to avoid predators while the monarch butterfly warns predators away.

What determines the function of a specialized cells?

The active genes in the cell.

which will most likely result in a negative growth rate in the human population of a country?

The death rate is higher than the birth rate.

The Himalayan rabbit's habitat has cold, snowy winters and mild summers. The body is typically covered in white fur except for the nose, feet, tail, and ears, which are covered in black fur. A scientist shaved an area of white fur on the back of a Himalayan rabbit and placed an ice pack over the shaved area. The shaved area grew black fur. Which of these best explains why the hair that grew back where the ice pack was placed was black and not white?

The genes for black hair were activated by specific temperatures.

An individual who participates in a long distance run on a hot day will produce large quantities of sweat. As a result of the excessive sweating, the amount of urine produced by the kidneys will change. How will the kidneys respond to help the individual's body maintain homeostasis?

The kidneys will decrease urine production to allow the body to conserve water.

The diagram shows light- and dark-colored beetles that live on a tree. Which result is most likely to occur to the beetle population due to predation over time?

The number of light-colored beetles in the population will increase.

The image shows part of the humerus bone in different genera of primates. Which statement is best supported by the observable structures of the different humerus bones?

The primates shared a common ancestor.

What will most likely happen if an appropriate enzyme is added to a chemical reaction?

The reaction rate will increase.

The diagram shows a red blood cell in a beaker that contains a solution with a higher salt concentration than that inside the red blood cell. What will happen to the red blood cell in this environment?

The red blood cell will shrink from losing water molecules.

Which part of DNA molecule is responsible for the direct coding of specific traits in an organism?

The sequence of nucleotide bases in the DNA molecule.

A researcher sprays a new pesticide on thousands of insects of the same species that live in a large field. A few of the insects survive. What can be concluded by the researcher?

The species of insects will likely become resistant to the pesticide.