Biology Module 2

Two closely related shrimp species have habitats and niches that partially overlap. Which factor most likely caused the divergence of the shrimp into separate species? A. reproductive isolation B. reduction of food supply C. a series of rapid mutations D. large initial population size

A (Shrimp that occupy separate habitats and niches are more likely to reproduce with nearby shrimp, eventually leading to speciation.)

Which statement best describes how organisms use DNA and amino acids to synthesize a protein? A. DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is translated by the ribosome to produce an amino acid chain. B. DNA is translated into mRNA, which is transcribed by the ribosome to produce an amino acid chain. C. Amino acids are transcribed into mRNA, which is translated in the nucleus to produce a molecule of DNA. D. Amino acids are translated into mRNA, which is transcribed in the nucleus to produce a molecule of DNA.

A (The two key stages of protein synthesis are described.)

Which sequence best orders ecological categories from the one with the fewest number of individuals to the one with the greatest number of individuals? A. ecosystem, population, community, biome B. population, community, ecosystem, biome C. biome, population, community, ecosystem D. community, biome, population, ecosystem

B (Populations of different species interact in communities, communities of organisms interact with abiotic factors in an ecosystem, and similar ecosystems in a large area make up a biome.)

Which statement BEST explains how organisms accomplish passing on traits to their offspring? A. Traits are acquired when parents care for their offspring. B. Offspring inherit traits when DNA is replicated during mitosis. C. Traits are inherited by the transfer of genetic material from parent to offspring. D. Offspring acquire traits when cells become specialized for certain functions.

C (DNA is the genetic material transferred from parent to offspring, and it codes for an organism's inherited traits.)

Energy pyramids describe food and energy relationships within an ecosystem. Which factor most likely limits the number of levels an energy pyramid can have? A. biomass of the top-level organisms B. predation by the top-level organisms C. energy loss between each level of organisms D. chemical energy being decomposed at each level of organisms

C (The number of levels in an energy pyramid is limited by the amount of energy available for the next level of consumers.)

Which mutation would most likely affect the organism's phenotype? A. AUG-GCC-UGU B. AUG-GCG-UGU C. AUG-GCU-UGA D. AUG-GCU-UGC

C (The original sequence codes for Cys, while the mutated sequence codes for a stop. This could result in a change in the organism's phenotype.)

Before cellular division, the cell must duplicate its DNA so that daughter cells will contain complete copies of the DNA. Which characteristic of DNA makes it most suitable as a molecule for this role? A. DNA is located in the nucleus. B. DNA is a large macromolecule. C. DNA is made of repeating sugar-phosphate subunits. D. DNA is made of two strands of complementary nucleotides

D (The complementary nature of the two strands allows each strand to serve as a template during replication.)

Orchids living in tropical rainforests often grow on the branches of trees to access sunlight. The trees are not affected by the orchids. Which term best classifies the relationship between the orchids and the trees? A. predation B. parasitism C. competition D. commensalism

D (The orchids benefit from the trees without harming them.)

During a cell division cycle, chromosome segments from two homologous chromosomes exchange places. Which result is most likely to occur following this cycle? A. Genetic material will be lost. B. The number of chromosomes will increase. C. The total number of genes in the cell will decrease. D. A change in gene location will occur on both chromosomes.

D (Translocation is an exchange of pieces of homologous chromosomes.)

Cell Observations • chromatin has condensed into visible chromosomes • nuclear envelope has disappeared • nucleolus is no longer visible A student looking through a microscope records observations about a cell. Which stage of the cell cycle has the student described? A. prophase B. anaphase C. interphase D. telophase

prophase (The events listed occur during prophase of the cell cycle.)