Biology- Photosynthesis and respiration

Select the anaerobic pathway

fermentation

The production of alcohol or lactate from pyruvate during __________ occurs as a means of regenerating __________ from __________.

fermentation; NAD+; NADH

Considering only glycolysis and the conversion of pyruvate molecules to acetyl CoA molecules, how many NADH molecules will be produced from one glucose molecule?

four

Which of the following molecules can be used as a substrate for cellular respiration?

glucose, lipids, proteins and fatty acids

Which process does not match the location in a typical eukaryotic cell?

glycolysis−mitochondrion

Which of the following is not one of the four stages of the aerobic respiration of glucose?

hydrolysis

Where in a plant cell is chlorophyll found?

in the thylakoids

If conditions are aerobic, pyruvate flows directly into the __________ where some of its atoms are converted next to __________.

mitochondia; acetyl coenzyme A

The Krebs cycle takes place in the

mitochondria

For each acetyl CoA molecule that enters the citric acid cycle, two CO2 molecules are produced.

True

The downhill flow of protons through the ATP synthase complex powers the production of ATP.

True

In the overall reactions of photosynthesis, it appears that hydrogen atoms are transferred from water to carbon dioxide to form a carbohydrate. This type of reaction is classified as:

a redox reaction.

The internal fluid found inside the chloroplast

also called the stroma.

C6H12O6 + 6O2 Yields 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

both a and c are correct

Organismal body heat is a:

byproduct of exergonic reactions.

Cellular respiration is most accurately described as a(n) __________ process.

catabolic

The splitting of molecules into smaller components is referred to as:

catabolism

When hydrogen ions (protons) are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane, they form a proton gradient. ATP is then formed by a process known as:

chemiosmosis.

Select the processes that are matched with the incorrect amount of ATP produced by that process per glucose molecule.

citric acid cycle−4 ATP

Glycolysis yields a net energy profit of __________ ATP molecules per molecule of glucose.

2

The overall reactions of photosynthesis are best summarized as:

6 CO2 + 12 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 6 H2O.

Thylakoid membranes are involved in __________ synthesis.

ATP

Which of the following is an end product of glycolysis?

ATP

In the electron transport chain, exergonic redox processes drive the endergonic reaction in which:

ATP is produced by phosphorylation of ADP.

During chemiosmosis, __________ are transferred from NADH and FADH2 to electron acceptor molecules, and the energy released is used to create a(n) __________ gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

electrons; proton

The synthesis of ATP as a result of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is an __________ reaction that is coupled to the diffusion of __________ down their concentration gradient.

endergonic; protons

For each glucose molecule that begins cellular respiration, the citric acid cycle must turn once.

false

In aerobic respiration, glucose is completely:

oxidized to carbon dioxide.

In aerobic respiration, the electrons associated with the hydrogen atoms in glucose are ultimately transferred to:

oxygen in a series of steps.

In glycolysis, a six-carbon glucose molecule is converted to two three-carbon molecules of:

pyruvate

The internal membrane system of the chloroplast is called a

thylakoid

The electron transport chain of photosynthesis is located in the:

thylakoid membrane.

Chlorophyll and accessory photosynthetic pigments are associated with the:

thylakoid membranes.

The role of the oxygen molecules required for aerobic respiration is:

to accept the low energy electrons at the end of the electron transport chain.

For each acetyl CoA molecule that enters the citric acid cycle, two CO2 molecules are produced.

true

The ability of some bacteria to produce lactate is exploited by humans to make:

yogurt and sauerkraut.

Which of the following statements concerning decarboxylation reactions is FALSE?

They involve the removal of two protons and two electrons.

Chlorophyll:

absorbs red and blue light, and reflects green light.

Plants need which of the following to carry on photosynthesis?

both H20and C02

Select the anaerobic pathway.

fermentation

The process by which light energy is converted into the stored chemical energy of organic molecules is:

photosynthesis.

By definition, substances that absorb visible light are called:

pigments.

Which of the following is not associated with the thylakoid membranes?

the Calvin cycle

A glucose molecule that is metabolized via aerobic respiration has been completely broken down and released as CO2 by the end of:

the citric acid cycle.

The transfer of electrons from glucose to oxygen during aerobic respiration takes place in a stepwise fashion through a number of intermediates rather than by direct transfer. This is because:

the energy of the electrons can be used to make ATP.

When molecules are broken apart in cellular respiration

the energy released in respiration is channeled into molecules of ATP.

Oxidative decarboxylation of two pyruvates yields:

2 acetyl CoA + 2 CO2 + 2 NADH.

When one molecule of glucose is completely oxidized in aerobic respiration, the net amount of ATP produced is:

36 to 38.

In the citric acid cycle, two acetyl CoA molecules are metabolized to:

4 CO2 + 6 NADH + 2 FADH2 + 2 ATP.

An example of a substrate-level phosphorylation that occurs during glycolysis is the transfer of a phosphate group from a phosphorylated intermediate to:

ADP

In chemiosmosis, ATP is produced as hydrogen ions (protons) pass through:

ATP synthase.

For each glucose molecule that begins cellular respiration, the citric acid cycle must turn once.

False

A drowning death would be most directly due to:

The lack of oxygen to accept hydrogen.

During the citric acid cycle, each acetyl group entering the cycle yields:

1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2.

During the reactions of photosynthesis, __________ is reduced and __________ is oxidized.

CO2; H2O

Which of the following statements concerning anabolic reactions is FALSE?

They may split complex molecules into their components.