Biology- Protein Synthesis

What provides the solution to getting the message from the nucleus to the ribosome?

mRNA

What are genes?

Part of DNA that codes proteins

What are introns?

Parts of DNA that DO NOT code

When does the RNA polymerase stop adding nucleotides?

When it reaches the terminator

What is the promoter?

Area that codes for transcription to start

What is the role of RNA polymerase once transcription begins?

Brings RNA nucleotides to template (A-U,G-C)

Why is transcription necessary?

DNA cannot leave nucleus- proteins are made on ribosomes

How does RNA differ from DNA?

-Sugar in RNA is ribose instead of deoxyribose -RNA is single stranded while DNA is double stranded -RNA has uracil instead of thymine

What are the two distinct phases of protein synthesis? Where do they take place? What is made in each?

1. Transcription- in nucleus- mRNA 2. Translation- in cytoplasm at ribosome- reads protein recipe and correct protein is made

After breaking off the DNA, the mRNA must be what?

Edited

What is the shape of a protein determine?

Function

What happens to introns and exons?

Introns get cut out, exons get spliced (added) together

What is the main goal of transcription?

Make a copy of protein recipe

What is mRNA's full name and function?

Messenger RNA, carries copies of instructions from nucleus to ribosomes

What is protein synthesis?

Process that cells use to produce proteins

Which enzyme starts transcription?

RNA polymerase

What is rRNA's full name and function?

Ribosomal RNA, makes ribosomes

What is the terminator?

Sequence of nucleotides that tells the RNA polymerase to stop

What are exons?

Sequences of DNA that DO code

What does the order of amino acids determine?

Shape of the proteins

What is the template strand for transcription?

Strand of DNA that contains protein recipe

What does uracil replace? Pair with?

Thymine, adenine

What is tRNA's full name and function?

Transfer RNA, transfers amino acids to ribosomes

What does RNA polymerase do to the promoter?

Uses 1 DNA strand as template to build mRNA (opens up the DNA at the promoter)