Chapter 19

What part of the retina lacks photoreceptors? A. Optic disc B. Macula lutea C. Fovea centralis D. Posterior retina E. All of the choices are correct.

A. Optic disc

There are four types of papillae on the tongue. Select the exception. A. Papiform B. Filiform C. Fungiform D. Vallate E. Foliate

A. Papiform

Which photoreceptor cells are more numerous? A. Rods B. Cones

A. Rods

Which photoreceptor cells function in dim light? A. Rods B. Cones

A. Rods

What is the function of the auditory tube? A. To transmit sound waves to the inner ear B. To equalize air pressure between the atmosphere and the middle ear C. To prevent the invasion of microorganisms into the inner ear D. To provide a passageway for fluid from the middle to the inner ear E. To provide an airway between the middle and inner ear

B. To equalize air pressure between the atmosphere and the middle ear

The lens of the eye flattens when A. ciliary muscles contract. B. ciliary muscles relax. C. extrinsic eye muscles contract. D. extrinsic eye muscles relax. E. intrinsic muscles of the iris contract.

B. ciliary muscles relax

A flattened lens A. is necessary for near vision. B. is necessary for distant vision. C. is necessary for both near and far vision. D. only functions with color vision. E. reflects light rays.

B. is necessary for distant vision

These receptors detect changes in light intensity, color, and movement. A. Chemoreceptors B. Thermoreceptors C. Photoreceptors D. Mechanoreceptors E. Baroreceptors

C. Photoreceptors

Which term best describes receptors that detect body and limb movements, skeletal muscle contraction and stretch, and joint capsule structure? A. Interoceptors B. Exteroceptors C. Proprioceptors D. Nociceptors E. Thermoreceptors

C. Proprioceptors

Which sequence correctly traces the pathway of aqueous humor in the eye? a: Aqueous humor is secreted by epithelial ciliary cells. b: Aqueous humor is released into the posterior chamber. c: Aqueous humor is drained into the scleral venous sinus. d: Aqueous humor washes over the lens and then passes through the pupil into the anterior chamber. A. a, b, c, d B. b, a, c, d C. a, b, d, c D. d, a, c, b E. a, c, b, d

C. a, b, d, c

A reduction in sensitivity to a continually applied stimulus is called A. sensation. B. conscious awareness. C. adaptation. D. transduction.

C. adaptation.

Olfactory receptor cells are _____ neurons. A. multipolar B. unipolar C. bipolar D. nonpolar E. apolar

C. bipolar

The vascular tunic of the eye (the uvea) has three distinct regions. From anterior to posterior what are they? a: Ciliary body b: Choroid c: Iris A. a, b, c B. b, a, c C. c, a, b D. c, b, a E. b, c, a

C. c, a, b

The feature of the eye that secretes aqueous humor is the A. cornea. B. conjunctiva. C. ciliary body. D. pigmented layer of the retina. E. neural layer of the retina.

C. ciliary body.

The papillae located on the tip and sides of the tongue that contain only a few taste buds each are the _______ papillae. A. papiform B. filiform C. fungiform D. vallate E. foliate

C. fungiform

The structure that functions as a diaphragm to control pupil size is the A. ora serrata. B. suspensory ligament. C. iris. D. cornea. E. anterior chamber.

C. iris

The conjunctiva that cover the anterior surface of the eye is termed the _____ conjunctiva. A. palpebral B. retinal C. ocular D. epithelial E. visceral

C. ocular

Changes in the external and internal environment can produce ________ that are detected by the sensory system. A. sensations B. receptors C. stimuli D. adaptations E. transducers

C. stimuli

The conjunctiva is composed of _____ epithelium. A. simple squamous B. simple cuboidal C. stratified squamous D. simple columnar E. stratified keratinized

C. stratified squamous

Your grandmother complains that the meal she just ate was rather bland or tasteless. This is because as an elderly person, her A. taste buds are increasing in number but decreasing in sensitivity. B. taste buds are decreasing in number but increasing in sensitivity. C. taste buds are decreasing in number and decreasing in sensitivity. D. taste buds have not changed, but her taste center in the cerebral cortex has changed. E. food was prepared with little regard to taste.

C. taste buds are decreasing in number and decreasing in sensitivity.

The gelatinous mass inside of the eye is called the A. lacrimal secretion. B. mucoid body. C. vitreous humor. D. hyaloid mass. E. scleroid humor.

C. vitreous humor

What is the correct sequence for lacrimal fluid production and drainage? a: Tears disperse across the surface of the eye. b: Tears are produced by the lacrimal gland. c: Fluid drains through the nasolacrimal duct. d: Fluid enters the nasal cavity. e: Fluid enters the lacrimal canaliculi and collects in the lacrimal sac. A. a, b, c, d, e B. b, a, c, d, e C. c, a, d, b, e D. b, a, e, c, d E. c, a, b, e, d

D. b, a, e, c, d

The eye structure that transmits and refracts incoming light is the A. iris. B. pupil. C. ciliary body. D. cornea. E. conjunctiva.

D. cornea

The primary function of eyebrows is to A. allow the appropriate amount of light to enter the eye. B. prevent excess light from entering the eye. C. prevent objects from striking the eye. D. prevent sweat from dripping into the open eye. E. form a protective barrier of fat and hair to help shade the eye.

D. prevent sweat from dripping into the open eye.

The optic vesicles are the first eye structures to form during embryonic development, and are the future ________ of the eye. A. choroid B. sclera C. lens D. retina E. cornea

D. retina

The least developed of the papilla types are the ______ papillae, which house only a few taste buds during infancy and early childhood. A. papiform B. filiform C. fungiform D. vallate E. foliate

E. foliate

The feature of the eye that converts light rays to nerve impulses is the A. cornea. B. conjunctiva. C. sclera. D. pigmented layer of the retina. E. neural layer of the retina.

E. neural layer of the retina

Phasic receptors for light touch and texture are A. Krause bulbs. B. lamellated corpuscles. C. arrector pili corpuscles. D. Ruffini corpuscles. E. tactile corpuscles.

E. tactile corpuscles

The middle and inner ear are housed within the _____ bone. A. sphenoid B. maxillary C. frontal D. occipital E. temporal

E. temporal

"Far-sighted" people suffer from emmetropia.

False

All axons from the right optic nerve cross over at the chiasm and pass to the left side of the brain.

False

Gustatory receptors are classified as mechanoreceptors, because food molecules must be dissolved in saliva before they can be tasted.

False

The olfactory system can recognize as many as 5060 different primary odors as well as many thousands of other chemical stimuli.

False

The otolithic membrane functions in hearing and in maintaining equilibrium.

False

The reason we can detect so many different odors is because each olfactory neuron is slightly different than the others, allowing for a wide range of odor sensations.

False

The retina is composed of two layers: an inner pigmented layer and an outer neural layer.

False

All embryonic germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) contribute to ear formation.

True

Olfactory receptor cells are modified bipolar neurons that bear olfactory hairs.

True

Olfactory receptor cells can undergo mitosis to replace aged cells.

True

Suspensory ligaments function to change the shape of the lens within the eye.

True

The eye begins to develop during the fourth week of embryonic development.

True

These receptors detect specific molecules in our external and internal environments. A. Chemoreceptors B. Thermoreceptors C. Photoreceptors D. Mechanoreceptors E. Baroreceptors

A. Chemoreceptors

Which term best describes receptors that detect stimuli from internal organs? A. Interoceptors B. Exteroceptors C. Proprioceptors D. Nociceptors E. Thermoreceptors

A. Interoceptors

On a warm spring day you feel the wisp of a gentle wind on your arm. What receptor could be responsible for this? A. Root hair plexus B. Lamellated corpuscle C. Bulbous corpuscle D. Olfactory receptor cell E. Basal cell

A. Root hair plexus

The fibrous tunic of the eye is composed of two parts. What are they? A. The cornea and the sclera B. The conjunctiva and the cornea C. The conjunctiva and the sclera D. The sclera and the retina E. The sclera and the uvea

A. The cornea and the sclera

Which structure is not considered to be part of the membranous labyrinth? A. Vestibule B. Semicircular duct C. Saccule D. Cochlear duct E. Utricle

A. Vestibule

Order the items that describe the sensation pathway for taste. a: Primary axons pass along cranial nerves VII and IX b: Primary neurons synapse in the nucleus solitarius c: Secondary neurons synapse in the thalamus d: Tertiary neurons travel to the cerebral gustatory cortex A. a, b, c, d B. b, c, a, d C. a, d, b, c D. d, c, b, a E. c, d, a, b

A. a, b, c, d

What is the correct order for structures in the nervous system pathway for hearing? a: Thalamic neurons project to the auditory cortex. b: Axons project to inferior colliculi or superior olivary nucleus. c: Axons terminate in the cochlear nucleus in the brainstem. d: Axons from inferior colliculus project to the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus. e: Impulse travels in cochlear nerve sensory fibers. A. e, c, b, d, a B. b, c, d, e, a C. c, b, a, d, e D. e, d, c, a, b E. a, b, e, c, d

A. e, c, b, d, a

The conjunctiva that lines the internal surface of the eyelids is termed the _____ conjunctiva. A. palpebral B. retinal C. ocular D. epithelial E. visceral

A. palpebral

A person having a heart attack may feel pain along the medial side of the left arm. This pain is known as A. referred pain. B. phantom pain. C. selected pain. D. covert pain. E. masked pain.

A. referred pain

Conscious awareness of incoming sensory information is called A. sensation. B. reception. C. stimulation. D. adaptation. E. transduction.

A. sensation.

Where would you find olfactory hairs? A. Scattered among the lamina propria B. At the apical surface of olfactory neurons C. Buried within the olfactory glands D. At the surface of supporting cells E. Concentrated along basal cells

B. At the apical surface of olfactory neurons

Which term best describes receptors that detect stimuli from the external environment? A. Interoceptors B. Exteroceptors C. Proprioceptors D. Nociceptors E. Thermoreceptors

B. Exteroceptors

Which papillae, distributed on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue surface, actually lack taste buds? A. Papiform B. Filiform C. Fungiform D. Vallate E. Foliate

B. Filiform

This receptor detects continuous deep pressure and distortion of the skin. A. Krause bulbs B. Lamellated corpuscles C. Arrector pili corpuscles D. Ruffini corpuscles E. Tactile corpuscles

B. Lamellated corpuscles

There are three types of unencapsulated tactile receptors. Select the exception. A. Free nerve endings B. Sebaceous filaments C. Root hair plexuses D. Tactile discs

B. Sebaceous filaments

Which statement regarding the cornea is not true? A. The cornea lacks blood vessels (it is avascular). B. The cornea lacks nerves (it is aneural). C. The external corneal epithelium receives nourishment from lacrimal gland secretions. D. The cornea serves to refract light rays. E. The internal corneal epithelium obtains oxygen from fluid in the anterior chamber of the eye.

B. The cornea lacks nerves (it is aneural)

These receptors respond to changes in temperature. A. Chemoreceptors B. Thermoreceptors C. Photoreceptors D. Mechanoreceptors E. Baroreceptors

B. Thermoreceptors

If you were to cut a cross section of the retina and examine it under a microscope, what would be the order of features from the choroid to the posterior cavity? a: Rods and cones b: Ganglionic axons progressing to the optic nerve c: Bipolar cells d: Ganglion cells e: Pigmented retina A. a, b, c, d, e B. e, a, c, d, b C. c, a, e, d, b D. d, e, a, b, c E. e, d, c, b, a

B. e, a, c, d, b

Eyelids serve two purposes: one is to protect the eye and the other is to A. help distribute blood to the eye surface. B. help distribute lacrimal fluid to cleanse and lubricate the surface. C. help spread antiviral solution. D. help to control the transmission of the nerve impulse to the retina. E. prevent excess mucus from obscuring vision.

B. help distribute lacrimal fluid to cleanse and lubricate the surface.

The sclera A. provides shape and blood to the inner eye. B. protects the inner eye and provides shape to the eye. C. supplies oxygen to the retina. D. supplies nourishment to the inner eye. E. is the major layer of blood vessels and nerves to the eye.

B. protects the inner eye and provides shape to the eye

The entire area through which the sensitive ends of the receptor cells are distributed is the A. sensory field. B. receptive field. C. stimulus area. D. adaptative radius. E. transducer field.

B. receptive field.

The most numerous type of receptor in the body is the A. chemoreceptor. B. tactile receptor. C. thermoreceptor. D. nociceptor. E. photoceptor.

B. tactile receptor.

The structural continuity between the cornea and the sclera is called A. the substantia propria. B. the limbus. C. the uvea. D. Decemet's membrane. E. Schlemm's membrane.

B. the limbus

The reason that certain odors can initiate behavioral and emotional reactions is because A. the olfactory pathway is connected directly to the medulla oblongata. B. there are widespread olfactory associations within the hypothalamus and limbic system. C. olfactory sensations are interpreted at the prefrontal cortex. D. the olfactory pathway is connected directly to the occipital lobe. E. the sense of olfaction occurs immediately at the olfactory epithelium.

B. there are widespread olfactory associations within the hypothalamus and limbic system.

The eye measures about ________ in diameter. A. 2.5 mm B. 12.5 mm C. 2.5 cm D. 12.5 cm E.22.5 cm

C. 2.5 cm

Ear development begins during the _____ week of embryonic life. A. 1st B. 2nd C. 4th D. 6th E. 8th

C. 4th

There are four types of encapsulated receptors. Select the exception. A. Krause bulbs B. Lamellated corpuscles C. Arrector pili corpuscles D. Ruffini corpuscles E. Tactile corpuscles

C. Arrector pili corpuscles

What part of the retina is responsible for the sharpest vision? A. Optic disc B. Macula lutea C. Fovea centralis D. Posterior retina E. All of the choices are correct.

C. Fovea centralis

Where is the greatest concentration of cones located? A. In the optic disc B. In the macula lutea C. In the fovea centralis D. In the posterior retina E. In the optic nerve

C. In the fovea centralis

What inner ear structure detects acceleration and deceleration movements of the head? A. Cupulas B. Spiral organ C. Maculae D. Auditory ossicles E. Scala vestibule

C. Maculae

In this view of the olfactory organs, what structure does number 1 indicate? A. Olfactory hairs B. Olfactory receptor C. Olfactory bulb D. Basal cell E. Axon of olfactory receptor cell

C. Olfactory bulb

Which of these is not part of the eyelid? A. Tarsal plate B. Tarsal glands C. Palpebral part of the orbicularis oris muscle D. Palpebral conjunctiva E. Thin layer of skin

C. Palpebral part of the orbicularis oris muscle

Gustatory cells within a taste bud are specialized neuroepithelial cells that have a(n) _________ life span. A. 24-hour B. 710 day C. 24 week D. 1 year E. undetermined

D. 1 year

In this view of the olfactory organs, what structure does number 3 indicate? A. Olfactory hairs B. Olfactory receptor C. Olfactory bulb D. Basal cell E. Axon of olfactory receptor cell

D. Basal cell

There are five basic taste sensations. Select the one mismatched with its causative agent. A. Sweet; organic compounds such as sugar B. Sour; hydrogen ions from acids such as those in lemons C. Salty; metal ions such as potassium or sodium D. Bitter; acids such as those in toxins or poisons E. Umami; amino acids such as glutamate or aspartate found in chicken soup

D. Bitter; acids such as those in toxins or poisons

Which is not a cell type found in the olfactory epithelium? A. Olfactory receptor cell B. Supporting cell C. Basal cell D. Bowman's cell E. No exceptions; all are found in the olfactory epithelium

D. Bowman's cell

Where would you find the protein crystallin? A. In the retina B. In the ciliary body C. In the choroids D. In the lens E. In the optic nerve

D. In the lens

These receptors respond to touch, pressure, vibration, and stretch. A. Chemoreceptors B. Thermoreceptors C. Photoreceptors D. Mechanoreceptors E. Baroreceptors

D. Mechanoreceptors

In this illustration of the inner ear, what feature does the number 9 indicate? A. Membranous labyrinth B. Spiral organ C. Apex of cochlea D. Perilymph E. Endolymph

D. Perilymph

Which eye feature provides vitamin A for photoreceptor cells? A. Cornea B. Conjunctiva C. Sclera D. Pigmented layer of the retina E. Neural layer of the retina

D. Pigmented layer of the retina

The receptors responsible for detecting deep pressure and high-frequency vibration are A. Krause bulbs. B. lamellated corpuscles. C. arrector pili corpuscles. D. Ruffini corpuscles. E. tactile corpuscles.

D. Ruffini corpuscles

Where is the saccule located? A. Within the middle ear B. Lateral to the auditory ossicles C. Within the cochlea D. Within the vestibule E. In the auditory tube

D. Within the vestibule

What is the correct chronological sequence of events for hearing? a: The tympanic membrane vibrates b: Ossicles vibrate c: Spiral organ hair cells convert stimulus to nerve impulse d: Pressure wave vibrations are transferred to scala tympani and exit the inner ear via the round window e: Pressure waves from oval window travel through the scala vestibuli A. a, b, c, e, d B. b, c, d, e, a C. c, b, a, d, e D. a, b, e, c, d E. e, c, d, a, b

D. a, b, e, c, d

The least numerous but the largest of the papillae are arranged as a V-shape on the posterior dorsal surface of the tongue. They contain the majority of taste buds and are called _____ papillae. A. papiform B. filiform C. fungiform D. vallate E. foliate

D. vallate

Accommodation of the lens occurs when A. ciliary muscles contract. B. the ciliary body moves closer to the lens. C. parasympathetic axons stimulate the ciliary muscles. D. the lens becomes more spherical. E. All of these choices are correct.

E. All of these choices are correct

What is lysozyme? A. An antiviral agent in tears B. An enzyme produced by the eyelids C. A protein used within the vitreous body of the eye D. An antibacterial component of sweat E. An antibacterial component of tears

E. An antibacterial component of tears

These receptors detect changes in pressure within the body. A. Chemoreceptors B. Thermoreceptors C. Photoreceptors D. Mechanoreceptors E. Baroreceptors

E. Baroreceptors

Which cells form connections between photoreceptor and bipolar cells? A. Vertical cells B. Amacrine cells C. Posterior cells D. Anterior cells E. Horizontal cells

E. Horizontal cells

These receptors respond to pain caused by external and internal stimuli. A. Chemoreceptors B. Thermoreceptors C. Photoreceptors D. Mechanoreceptors E. Nociceptors

E. Nociceptors

Which is not correct about the vascular tunic of the eye? A. The choroid is the most extensive and posterior region of the vascular tunic. B. Melanin pigment granules in the choroid absorb extraneous light. C. The ciliary body epithelium secretes aqueous humor. D. Relaxation and contraction of ciliary muscles alter the shape of the lens. E. The iris is composed of two groups of skeletal muscle fibers.

E. The iris is composed of two groups of skeletal muscle fibers

Which sequence correctly traces the visual pathway followed by the majority of axons? a: Optic nerve b: Optic chiasm c: Occipital lobe d: Lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus A. a, b, c, d B. b, a, d, c C. a, d, c, b D. c, a, b, d E. a, b, d, c

E. a, b, d, c

Glaucoma causes A. stretching of the suspensory ligaments. B. shrinkage of the ciliary body. C. a decrease in the size of the vitreous humor. D. an enlarged cornea. E. an increase in pressure in the posterior chamber.

E. an increase in pressure in the posterior chamber.

Arrange the middle ear bones from lateral to medial. a: Stapes b: Incus c: Malleus A. a, b, c B. b, a, c C. c, a, b D. a, c, b E. c, b, a

E. c, b, a

Order the eye layers from the outermost to the innermost layer. a: Neural tunic b: Fatty tunic c: Vascular tunic d: Fibrous tunic A. a, b, c B. b, a, c C. a, b, d D. c, a, d E. d, c, a

E. d, c, a