Biology Quiz 4 - Eubacteria, Archaea, Viruses, Prions, and Viroids

_______________________________ is composed of large deposits of the silicon exoskeletons of members of the phylum Bacillariophyta.

Diatomaceous earth

Bacteria which are part of the normal flora may cause disease when the immune system is compromised. This ailment is called a(n) __________________________________

opportunistic infection

In what order does that lytic viral replication cycle go in?

1. attachment 2. penetration 3. uncoating 4. replication 5. release

The earth's oceans have a salinity of approximately 3.5% while the Dead Sea has a salinity of approximately _______________________

30%-35%

___________________________ is a group of bacteria that used to be classified as algae.

Cyanobacteria

__________________ is caused by four known Plasmodium species which rely on a mosquito insect vector.

Malaria

______________________ is the material found in the bacterial cell wall that forms a molecular basis of the Gram stain.

Peptidoglycan

without free oxygen =

anaerobic

First, ______________________ stain is applied, a series of rinses are used, and then a _________________ stain is applied. A ______________________ bacteria culture will stain purple or blue, while a ______________________ bacteria culture will stain pink.

crystal violet, safranine, Gram-positive, Gram-negative

organisms in which a parasite lives =

host

Thermoacidophiles thrive in ___________________ environments.

hot, acidic

The thread-like structures which are the building blocks of fungi are called ________________

hyphae

rupturing of a cell =

lysis

All known diseases caused by prions affect the _______________________ of the host organism.

nervous system

microorganisms commonly found living in or on a human =

normal flora

area of prokaryotic cell that is dense with genetic material =

nucleoid

Rickettsia is an example of an ___________________________________ which can only replicate inside a host cell.

obligate intracellular parasite

organism which lives in or on another organism =

parasite

organism which causes disease =

pathogen

the study of algae =

phycology

During a latent infection caused by a virus, the viral replication is ___________________________________ until some outside stimulant causes the virus to enter the lytic cycle.

postponed indefinitely

pathogenic abnormal protein structure =

prion

A virion is able to recognize the correct host cell when the _______________________ of the host cell and the viral attachment protein of the virion match up

receptor site

One of the limitations of the light microscope is the _________________________

resolving power

concentration of salt in water =

salinity

obtain food from dead organic material =

saprophyte

mutually positive relationship =

symbiosis

structure of an alga =

thallus

Bacteria share genetic material through the processes called bacterial conjugation, transformation, and ___________________

transduction

Viruses which typically have a lipid covering called an envelope are released from the host cell through ________________________

viral budding

single virus unit =

virion

pathogenic RNA molecule =

viroid

scientist who studies viruses =

virologist