Chemistry Covalent Bonding
What are molecular compounds?
Compounds that contain nonmetals that are connected with covalent bonds.
Compounds that are formed when two or more atoms combine to form what kind of molecules?
Neon & Helium
Most elements found in nature exist in nature with the exemption of what?
Nobel Gases
Polar or Non-polar?: CO₂
Nonpolar
Polar or Non-polar?: HCl
Polar
Polar or Non-polar?: H₂O
Polar
Polar or Non-polar?: NH₃
Polar
How does electron sharing occur forming covalent bonds?
atoms attain 8 electrons
Structural formulas show the arrangement of ________ in molecules?
electrons
Do Non-polar bonds share electrons equally or unequally?
equally
What are the strongest of the intermolecular forces?
hydrogen bonds
What do structural formulas tell you?
1) what elements 2) how many atoms 3) arrangement of the atoms
What are two properties of molecular compounds?
1. usually gases or liquids at room temperature 2. low melting points
Each covalent bond contains how many electrons?
2 electrons
What is a covalent bond?
2 electrons that are shared between 2 atoms
How many covalent bonds are in the nitrogen molecule?
3
What does a double bond share and how many?
4 electrons from each atom
What symbols represent the charges on atoms in a polar covalent bond? The polarity of the bond?
8⁺ or 8⁻ ; +--→
What is a molecule?
A neutral group of atom joined together by covalent bonds.
What do molecular formulas show?
Gives the number of atoms of each of the elements present in one molecule of a specific compound.
What are the 7 Diatomic Elements?
HOFBrINCl H₂: H-H O₂: O=O F₂: F-F Br₂: Br-Br I₂: I-I N₂: N⇌N (triple bond) Cl: Cl-Cl
What is an arrangement of atoms within a molecule called?
Molecular structure
What's true about polar molecules?
Some regions of a polar molecule are slightly positive. A molecule that has two poles is called a dipolar molecule.
What is a molecular formula?
The chemical formula of a molecular compound. Shows how many atoms of each element a molecule contains.
Why does the chlorine atom in hydrogen chloride acquire a slightly negative charge?
The more electronegative atom attracts electrons more strongly and gains a slightly negative charge.
What causes dispersion?
The motion of electrons
What method is used to distinguish between different molecular compounds that contain the same elements?
The prefix method
T or F: Covalent bonds differ in the way electrons are shared by the bonded atoms, depending on the kind and number of atoms joined together.
True
What is a chemical bond formed when atoms share two pairs of electrons?
double covalent bonds
Polar or Non-polar, Ionic? >2.0
ionic
Polar or Non-polar? 0.4--1.0
moderatley polar covalent
Polar or Non-polar? 0.0--0.4
non-polar covalent
What is the VSEPER theory?
the repulsion between electron pairs causes molecular shapes to adjust to valence electrons pairs, stay as far apart as possible.
What are the elements that form binary molecular compounds
two nonmetallic elements
Do polar bonds share electrons equally or unequally?
unequally
Polar or Non-polar? 1.0--2.0
very polar covalent