Chemistry Covalent Bonding

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What are molecular compounds?

Compounds that contain nonmetals that are connected with covalent bonds.

Compounds that are formed when two or more atoms combine to form what kind of molecules?

Neon & Helium

Most elements found in nature exist in nature with the exemption of what?

Nobel Gases

Polar or Non-polar?: CO₂

Nonpolar

Polar or Non-polar?: HCl

Polar

Polar or Non-polar?: H₂O

Polar

Polar or Non-polar?: NH₃

Polar

How does electron sharing occur forming covalent bonds?

atoms attain 8 electrons

Structural formulas show the arrangement of ________ in molecules?

electrons

Do Non-polar bonds share electrons equally or unequally?

equally

What are the strongest of the intermolecular forces?

hydrogen bonds

What do structural formulas tell you?

1) what elements 2) how many atoms 3) arrangement of the atoms

What are two properties of molecular compounds?

1. usually gases or liquids at room temperature 2. low melting points

Each covalent bond contains how many electrons?

2 electrons

What is a covalent bond?

2 electrons that are shared between 2 atoms

How many covalent bonds are in the nitrogen molecule?

3

What does a double bond share and how many?

4 electrons from each atom

What symbols represent the charges on atoms in a polar covalent bond? The polarity of the bond?

8⁺ or 8⁻ ; +--→

What is a molecule?

A neutral group of atom joined together by covalent bonds.

What do molecular formulas show?

Gives the number of atoms of each of the elements present in one molecule of a specific compound.

What are the 7 Diatomic Elements?

HOFBrINCl H₂: H-H O₂: O=O F₂: F-F Br₂: Br-Br I₂: I-I N₂: N⇌N (triple bond) Cl: Cl-Cl

What is an arrangement of atoms within a molecule called?

Molecular structure

What's true about polar molecules?

Some regions of a polar molecule are slightly positive. A molecule that has two poles is called a dipolar molecule.

What is a molecular formula?

The chemical formula of a molecular compound. Shows how many atoms of each element a molecule contains.

Why does the chlorine atom in hydrogen chloride acquire a slightly negative charge?

The more electronegative atom attracts electrons more strongly and gains a slightly negative charge.

What causes dispersion?

The motion of electrons

What method is used to distinguish between different molecular compounds that contain the same elements?

The prefix method

T or F: Covalent bonds differ in the way electrons are shared by the bonded atoms, depending on the kind and number of atoms joined together.

True

What is a chemical bond formed when atoms share two pairs of electrons?

double covalent bonds

Polar or Non-polar, Ionic? >2.0

ionic

Polar or Non-polar? 0.4--1.0

moderatley polar covalent

Polar or Non-polar? 0.0--0.4

non-polar covalent

What is the VSEPER theory?

the repulsion between electron pairs causes molecular shapes to adjust to valence electrons pairs, stay as far apart as possible.

What are the elements that form binary molecular compounds

two nonmetallic elements

Do polar bonds share electrons equally or unequally?

unequally

Polar or Non-polar? 1.0--2.0

very polar covalent


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