Biology Quiz 5 Study

vitamins iron copper cobalt zinc calcium

Choose enzyme cofactors mentioned in the lesson.

sensitive

Enzymes are ________ to the pH and temp of their environment

enzyme-substrate complex

Enzymes temporarily unite with one or more substrate molecules to form an:

they may not be able to react

If the reactants found in a cell are removed from the cell how will they behave chemically?

most metabolic reactions of living cells will not occur quickly or even occur at all outside the cell-even at the existing pH and temperatures of cells

The discovery of enzymes is of great importance in biology because:

substrate

The substance on which the enzyme acts is called the ________ chemical.

substrate

A compound which is involved in a chemical reaction and is chemically changed by the reaction.

amino acids

A giant enzyme molecule is composed of hundreds of ______

catalyzing

After considerable study over thirty years, certain proteins were found to be responsible for accelerating--_________--chemical reactions in cells.

protein

An enzyme is a large _______ molecule

a biological catalyst

An enzyme is:

cofactor

An inorganic metal or small organic molecule which attaches to the protein portion of the enzyme and plays an important role in activating that enzyme

-a chemical reaction is catalyzed -The reaction changes the substrate into one or more products. -The product then breaks off the enzyme, leaving the enzyme molecule unchanged and ready to react with another substrate molecule.

During an enzyme-substrate complex:

pattern

Each enzyme has its own _________ that determines what it can interact with and what reactions it can catalyze.

only small quantities are needed.

Enzymes are neither used up nor permanently altered in chemical reactions. As a result:

are produced at the direction and translation of DNA and RNA respectively

Enzymes:

substrate + enzyme substrate - enzyme complex product + enzyme.

Illustrate an enzyme-substrate complex:

A or B

In the figure illustrating the typical enzyme reaction, which is a substrate reactant?

iron, copper, cobalt, zinc, and calcium.

Many enzymes cannot function as catalysts unless a nonprotein substance--a cofactor--is present. Cofactors are often vitamins or metallic ions such as:

cofactor

Often enzymes require a _______ in order for them to function as a catalyst.

substrate molecule

The __________--the substance on which the enzyme acts--is usually much smaller than the enzyme

lock and a key

The high specificity of the enzyme for a particular substrate is best illustrated with the analogy of the interaction between a ___________ The key must fit the lock to give the result of opening a door.

location

The optimal pH varies with ________

active site

The region on the surface of an enzyme molecule where the substrate molecule binds and reacts with the enzyme.

enzymes

Therefore, ___________ are vital to lowering the required activation energy for reactions in living organisms

To act as a catalyst in chemical reactions

Why are enzymes necessary?

to act as a catalyst in chemical reactions

Why are enzymes necessary?

Enzymes

__________ are large proteins with a special surface pattern. Each has its own pattern that determines what it can interact with and what reactions it can catalyze.

produced at the direction and translation of DNA and RNA respectively

enzymes are:

optimal

of their environment. Conditions in which enzymes are most active are described as ______