Biology Study Guide
SC.9.1.1.1 Nature of Science
SC.9.1.1.1 Nature of Science
SC.L.18.9 Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration
SC.L.18.9 Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration
1. How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related in terms of energy? A. The energy captured in photosynthesis is used to power cellular respiration. B. The energy transformed in cellular respiration is used to power photosynthesis. C. Photosynthesis and respiration perform the same task in terms of energy transformation. D. Energy is not involved in either photosynthesis or cellular respiration.
A. The energy captured in photosynthesis is used to power cellular respiration.
2. Look at the cross section of a cell membrane of a eukaryotic cell. H+ ions are being pumped from a low concentration to a high concentration. https://imgur.com/gWRqsrk How do you describe this type of transport across the cell membrane? A. active transport B. passive transport C. facilitated diffusion D. co-transport
A. active transport
25. When Streptococcus pneumoniae are exposed to an antibiotic, the bacteria try to pump the antibiotic out of their cells. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely used by the Streptococcus pneumoniae to pump the antibiotic out of their cells? A. active transport B. diffusion C. facilitated diffusion D. osmosis
A. active transport
2. Which process do the animals in the food web use to convert energy from food into ATP? A. cellular respiration B. osmosis C. photosynthesis D. transcription
A. cellular respiration
8. Baby food manufacturers sometimes use proteases in their products. Proteases catalyze the breakdown of the proteins in these foods, making digestion easier for infants. Proteases are which of the following types of molecules? A. enzyme B. fatty acid C. carbohydrate D. nucleic acid.
A. enzyme
8. The diagram below represents a cell. https://imgur.com/6AlICHR Which organelle is the site where amino acids are synthesized into proteins? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
B. 2
4. In living organisms, lipids function mainly as: A. Sources of stored energy and transmitters of genetic information B. Sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes C. Transmitters of genetic information and catalysts of chemical reactions D. Catalysts of chemical reactions and components of cellular membranes
B. Sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes
2. How are sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction different from each other? A. sexual reproduction requires two parents and asexual reproduction requires only one parent B. asexual reproduction requires two parents and sexual reproduction requires only one parent C. mutation rates are lower in sexual reproduction than in asexual reproduction D. asexual reproduction occurs only in multicellular organisms
A. sexual reproduction requires two parents and asexual reproduction requires only one parent
3. The diagram below shows the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration and the organelles in which they occur. https://imgur.com/vivdSum Which statement describes how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interrelated? A. Oxygen is produced during cellular respiration and stored during photosynthesis. B. Carbon dioxide and water released by cellular respiration are used in photosynthesis. C. Photosynthesis releases the energy that is stored during the process of cellular respiration. D. Glucose is used during cellular respiration to produce food that is broken down during photosynthesis.
B. Carbon dioxide and water released by cellular respiration are used in photosynthesis.
11. The diagram below shows two strawberry plants. https://imgur.com/6ORpS6m Plant 2 is produced asexually from Plant 1. If the leaf cells of Plant 1 have 56 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be found in the leaf cells of Plant 2? A. 14 B. 28 C. 56 D. 112
C. 56
13. The diagram below shows a monomer a macromolecule. Which type of molecule contains these monomers? https://imgur.com/wVxKVn6 A. carbohydrates B. proteins C. nucleic acid D. lipid
B. proteins
12 The cell membrane of the red blood cell will allow water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide to pass through. Because other substances are blocked from entering, this membrane is called A. perforated B. semi-permeable C. non-conductive D. permeable
B. semi-permeable
19. Which of the following contain complex, membrane-bound organelles? 1. bacteria 2. viruses 3. eukaryotic 4. prokaryotic A. 1 and 2 B. 2 and 4 C. 3 only D. 4 only
C. 3 only
5. Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function? A. ribosome - protein synthesis B. mitochondrion - movement C. vacuole - cell division D. nucleus - storage of nutrients
A. ribosome - protein synthesis
3. Which type(s) of cells have genetic material that is contained in a nucleus? A. bacteria B. plants only C. animals only D. both plant and animal cells
D. both plants and animal cells
1. Which gas is removed from the atmosphere during photosynthesis? A. hydrogen B. oxygen C. nitrogen D. carbon dioxide
D. carbon dioxide
10. The diagram below shows homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis. https://imgur.com/NWq0xIt Which of the following correctly describes the process being illustrated? A. mutation in which the DNA content of the gene is altered B. segregation of sister chromatid C. condensation and segregation of alleles D. crossing-over in which alleles are exchanged
D. crossing-over in which alleles are exchanged
4. The combined observations of Mattias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolph Virchow resulted in the formation of the cell theory. Which of the following is not part of the cell theory? A. All cells contain a nucleus. B. All cells come from other living cells. B. All living organisms are made of one or more cells. C. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living things.
A. All cells contain a nucleus.
2. A weightlifter is using heavy weights in short bursts for a competition. Because his muscle cells are not able to take in enough oxygen to make very much ATP the weightlifter begins to get fatigue in his muscles. Which of the following processes is most likely going on in the muscles of the weightlifter as he competes in his event? A. As the cells run out of oxygen they switch to anaerobic respiration, which allows the cell to make small amounts of ATP in the absence of oxygen. B. As the cells run out of oxygen, they die off gradually and the weightlifter's muscles have fewer contracting muscle cells. C. The cells will never run out of oxygen if the weightlifter is breathing. D. As the cells run out of oxygen, they will continue to make the same amount of ATP, since oxygen is not required to make ATP.
A. As the cells run out of oxygen they switch to anaerobic respiration, which allows the cell to make small amounts of ATP in the absence of oxygen.
6. The diagram below illustrates a biochemical process that occurs in organisms. https://imgur.com/XI2iXAZ What is another name for the substance labeled "catalyst"? A. Enzyme B. inorganic compound C. Hormone D. Antibody
A. Enzyme
7. The human body maintains a temperature of around 98.6 degrees at all times. Enzymes are involved in almost every chemical reaction in the body. Which of the following describes the connection between these two statements? A. Enzymes function best at a specific temperature. B. The body needs to be warm to prevent hypothermia. C. The body is kept relatively warm to prevent too much enzyme action. D. There is no connection between the two statements.
A. Enzymes function best at a specific temperature.
1. A research group has discovered that damselflies, a type of dragonfly, are being infected by a particular type of aquatic protozoan. Both young and adult damselflies are not directly infected by the protozoan but contract the infection from the prey they eat. The graph shows the percentage of adult damselflies infected by protozoans during the summer and early fall. https://imgur.com/HS011WQ Which of the following conclusions is supported by the graph? A. Infection in embanked ponds increased during the sampling period. B. Protozoans were more common in creek-fed ponds than embanked ponds. C. Protozoans reproduce more quickly in embanked ponds than creek-fed ponds. D. Infection in creed-fed ponds remained constant throughout the sampling period.
A. Infection in embanked ponds increased during the sampling period.
4. As food travels through the digestive system, it is exposed to a variety of pH levels. The stomach has a pH of 2 due to the presence of hydrochloric acid (HC1), and the small intestine has a pH ranging from 7 to 9. HC1 converts pepsinogen into pepsin, an enzyme that digests proteins in the stomach. Which of the following most likely happens to pepsin as it enters the small intestine? A. It becomes inactive. B. It begins to replicate. C. Its shape changes to engulf large proteins. D. Its activity increases to digest more proteins.
A. It becomes inactive.
3. Meat tenderizer contains an enzyme that breaks down meat. If meat is coated with tenderizer and then placed in a refrigerator, how would the enzyme be affected? A. It would break down the meat more slowly. B. It would disintegrate the meat. C. It would break down the meat more quickly. D. It would change the shape of the meat.
A. It would break down the meat more slowly.
4. What is the independent variable in this experiment? A. Solution A, B & C. B. Solution D only C. The eggs D. Mass
A. Solution A, B & C.
2. Small insects can walk across the surface of calm water. Their feet push the surface of the water down slightly, somewhat like a person walking across a trampoline, but they do not break the surface. What is the best explanation for why this happens? A. The insects are light enough so that they do not break the hydrogen bonds holding the water molecules together B. The insects actually use their wings to hover slightly above the water's surface and they only skim it with their feet C. The insects' feet are non-polar, so they are repelled by the polar water molecules and are pushed away from the water's surface D. The insects are small enough to see the individual water molecules, so they are able to step carefully from one molecule to the next
A. The insects are light enough so that they do not break the hydrogen bonds holding the water molecules together
5. The graph below shows how the activity of an enzyme changes over a range of pH values. https://imgur.com/M1U3Pwk Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph? A. The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6. B. The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8 C. The enzyme's activity continually increases as pH increases from 5.0 to 9.0 D. The enzyme's activity is greater around pH of 8.0 than around pH of 5.0.
A. The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.
13. Osmosis occurs when there is a different concentration of solute molecules on each side of the membrane. The drawing below shows a beaker containing a 30% salt solution and a suspended cell containing a 10% salt solution. https://imgur.com/XQ07Xcd What statement best describes the cell after 20 minutes? A. Water will move from the cell into the beaker, resulting in a smaller cell. B. Water will move from the beaker into the cell, resulting in a larger cell. C. Salt will move from the cell into the beaker, resulting in a smaller cell. D. Salt will move from the beaker into the cell, resulting in a larger cell.
A. Water will move from the cell into the beaker, resulting in a smaller cell.
6. Which of the following diagrams accurately represents the use of gases in both cellular respiration and photosynthesis? A. https://imgur.com/rEA4fIC B. https://imgur.com/K9rbOUr C. https://imgur.com/WqCsJxK D. https://imgur.com/OaGW69M
A. https://imgur.com/rEA4fIC
28. Carrot sticks that are left in a dish of freshwater for several hours become stiff and hard. Similar sticks left in a saltwater solution become limp and soft. From this we can deduce that the freshwater is ______ and the saltwater is ________ to the cells of the carrot sticks. A. hypotonic, hypertonic B. hypotonic, hypotonic C. hypertonic, hypertonic D. hypertonic, hypertonic
A. hypotonic, hypertonic
23. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a cell structure that consists of folded membranes that contain ribosomes. What is the advantage of the folded membranes? A. increases surface area in order to produce more proteins B. decreases surface area in order to produce more proteins C. increases volume of the endoplasmic reticulum in order to produce more energy D. decreases volume of the endoplasmic reticulum in order to make more energy
A. increases surface area in order to produce more proteins
9. The diagram below shows a cellular process that occurs in organisms. https://imgur.com/4PuAHly What is the name of this process? A. meiosis B. mitosis C. endocytosis D. phagocytosis
A. meiosis
7. Which macromolecule is not labeled on the cell membrane above? A. nucleotide B. lipid C. protein D. carbohydrate
A. nucleotide
11. Like complex carbohydrates, proteins are macromolecules that serve many functions and can be chemically broken down and restructured. Both proteins and complex carbohydrates are which of the following? A. polymers of smaller subunits B. sequence of sugars C. lipids of large molecules D. nucleotides of DNA
A. polymers of smaller subunits
5. Two test tubes were filled with a solution of bromthymol blue. A student exhaled through a straw into each tube, and the bromthymol blue turned yellow. An aquatic green plant was placed into each tube, and the tubes were corked. One tube was placed in the dark, and one was placed in direct sunlight. The yellow solution in the tube in sunlight turned blue, while the one in the dark remained yellow. Which statement best explains why the solution in the tube placed in sunlight returned to a blue color? A. Oxygen was produced by photosynthesis. B. Carbon dioxide was removed by photosynthesis. C. Carbon dioxide was produced by respiration. D. Oxygen was removed by respiration.
B. Carbon dioxide was removed by photosynthesis.
18. Using a microscope in the science lab, Jill observed two unknown cell: Cell 1 and Cell 2. Cell 1 she identified as a plant cell and Cell 2 as an animal cell. Her teacher told her she identified the cells correctly. What did Jill most likely observe to correctly identify the cells? A. Cell 2 had a cell membrane and Cell 1 did not. B. Cell 1 had a cell wall and Cell 2 did not. C. Cell 2 had a chloroplast and Cell 1 did not. D. Cell 1 had a nucleus and Cell 2 did not.
B. Cell 1 had a cell wall and Cell 2 did not.
5. Which of the following best describes meiosis? A. It is carried out in all tissues that require cell replacement. B. It occurs only in cells in the reproductive structures of organisms. C. It happens in all tissues except the brain and spinal cord. D. It is the first stage of mitosis.
B. It occurs only in cells in the reproductive structures of organisms.
1. Two different species of bacteria are examined. Scientists find that species X always produces CO2 and H2O during cellular respiration. Species Y always produces ethyl alcohol and CO2. Which conclusion can be made from these observations? A. Only species Y is aerobic. B. Only species Y is anaerobic. C. Both species X and Y are aerobic. D. Both species X and Y are anaerobic.
B. Only species Y is anaerobic.
15. Cells found in plants and animals have similarities but can differ in function. Consider the following two organisms: a corn plant cell (Zea mays) and a camel cell (Bactrianus ferus). What is the best explanation for the difference in the cellular vacuole size between these two biotic organisms? A. The corn cells' have a small vacuole size because it does not need long term water and electrolyte storage. B. The camel cells' have a small vacuole size because it does not need long term water and electrolyte storage. C. The camel cells' have a small vacuole size because it is not in contact with toxins that need to be removed from the cell. D. The corn cells' have a large vacuole size because it is in contact with many toxins in the soil which need to be removed from the cell.
B. The camel cells' have a small vacuole size because it does not need long term water and electrolyte storage.
14. Muscle cells are responsible for obtaining energy so the body can perform voluntary and involuntary movement. Using your knowledge about organelles and muscles, how would a muscle cell differ from other types of animal cells? A. The muscle cell would have larger centrioles than the other types of animal cells. B. The muscle cell would have more mitochondria than the other types of animal cells. C. The muscle cell would have a larger golgi apparatus than other types of animal cells. D. The muscle cell would have more endoplasmic reticulum than the other types of animal cells.
B. The muscle cell would have more mitochondria than the other types of animal cells.
16. Cells can be classified into two different categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Which of the following information is needed in order to determine if an organism is prokaryotic? A. The organism's color and mass. B. The organism's internal structures. C. If the organism is unicellular or multicellular. D. The methods the organism uses to feed and move.
B. The organism's internal structures.
3. A plant and an animal are both living things. According to the Cell Theory, what can you conclude about these two very different organisms? A. Plants have cells but animals do not. B. They are both made of one or more cells. C. They both come from the same kind of cell. D. They both come from a non-living organism.
B. They are both made of one or more cells. All living things are made up of cells, albeit not all are made up of the same type.
8. Water is often called the "universal solvent" because many substances can be dissolved in water. What property of water allows it to be such a versatile solvent? A. purity B. polarity and cohesion C. high heat capacity D. expansion upon freezing
B. polarity and cohesion
7. Many fish and aquatic plants can survive a cold winter because the layer of ice that forms at the top of the lake insulates the water below and prevents the lake from freezing solid. What unique property of water contributes to this effect? A. Water absorbs heat when it evaporates and forms a gas B. Water expands and becomes less dense when it freezes. C. Water molecules completely separate into ions in solutions. D. Water forms hydrogen bonds with ions and other polar substances.
B. Water expands and becomes less dense when it freezes.
4. Maria, after finding no cold sodas in the refrigerator, placed a can of soda in the freezer. She then proceeded to check her social networking site and forgot about the soda. Later that evening her brother went to get some ice and it was brown. Maria's soda can had split open. What is the best explanation for what happened? A. As the water cooled, it adhered to the can, causing it to split B. When the water froze, the space between hydrogen molecules expanded C. When the water froze, it weakened the molecular bonds in the aluminum can D. As the water cooled, the surface tension of the water decreased and the can collapsed
B. When the water froze, the space between hydrogen molecules expanded
9. Ovalbumin is a protein found in eggs. Which of the following best describes the molecular structure of ovalbumin? A. a group of six carbon atoms joined in a ring. B. a chain of amino acids folded and twisted into a molecule C. a set of three fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol D. a sequence of nitrogenous bases attached to a sugar phosphate backbone
B. a chain of amino acids folded and twisted into a molecule
9. Joy took the notes shown below while learning about cells. • Forms boundary between a cell and the outside environment • Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell • Consists of double layer of phospholipids She forgot to write the name of the cell structure that her class was studying that day. What structure is described in her notes? A. endoplasmic reticulum B. cell membrane C. cell wall D. nucleus
B. cell membrane
26. In pure water, a red blood cell from an animal will swell and burst, but a leaf cell from a plant will not. Which structure in the leaf cell is responsible for this difference? A. cell membrane B. cell wall C. mitochondrion D. nucleus
B. cell wall
7. Which of the following structure is where photosynthesis occurs in the cell below? https://imgur.com/GGfBNW9 A. nucleus B. chloroplast C. mitochondria D. endoplasmic reticulum
B. chloroplast
21. Look at the cell membrane model below: https://imgur.com/a/Iu7ZN What is the name of the macromolecule that makes up the majority of the cell membrane? A. nucleotide B. lipid C. carbohydrate D. protein
B. lipid
6. Which macromolecule makes up the majority of the cell membrane? A. nucleotide B. lipid C. protein D. carbohydrate
B. lipid
6. Which of the following phases of mitosis is represented by the diagram below? https://imgur.com/3rudcg4 A. prophase B. metaphase C. anaphase D. telophase
B. metaphase
1. What function does ATP carry out in living things? A. aids in protein folding and coiling B. used to capture and transfer energy C. identifies DNA start sequences for transcription D. helps maintain the fluidity of cell membranes
B. used to capture and transfer energy
4. A diagram representing the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration is shown below. https://imgur.com/EkEOqJD The numbered boxes in the diagram represent which of the following? A. 1 - water; 2 - nitrogen B. 1 - nitrogen; 2 - oxygen C. 1 - oxygen; 2 - carbon dioxide D. 1 - carbon dioxide; 2 - water
C. 1 - oxygen; 2 - carbon dioxide
3. Which of the following diagrams below is an example of a carbohydrate? https://imgur.com/pnRXAd6 A. 1 B. 3 C. 2 D. 4
C. 2
3. A florist places a bouquet of white carnations in water containing blue dye. After a time, the flowers turn blue. What process helped the carnations to change color? A. Specific heat B. Surface tension C. Cohesion and adhesion of water molecules D. Formation of covalent bonds between hydrogen and oxygen molecules
C. Cohesion and adhesion of water molecules
1. Water has a much higher specific heat than most other covalent compounds. What do you predict might happen if water had a low specific heat instead? A. Flooding would occur and animals would be forced to migrate B. Harmful organisms living in water would reproduce at a rapid rate C. Organisms that are sensitive to changes in temperature would die D. Plants would not have enough water to effectively carry out photosynthesis
C. Organisms that are sensitive to changes in temperature would die
3. Mike has four aquatic plants of the same size and the same species. He submerges the plants in a separate beaker filled with 200 ml of water. She then sets each beaker under a different intensity of light. Mike observes that, of the four plants, the plant in the beaker under the most intense light gives off the most gas bubbles in a 20 minute period. Which of the following statements best explains Mike's observations? A. Cells decompose most quickly under the most intense light. B. Water evaporates from plants faster under the most intense light. C. Photosynthesis occurs at the highest rate under the most intense light. D. Gases in the leaves of plants expand most under the most intense light
C. Photosynthesis occurs at the highest rate under the most intense light.
3. Which type of reproduction leads to increased genetic variation on a population? A. Parthenogenesis B. Asexual reproduction C. Sexual reproduction D. Vegetative reproduction
C. Sexual reproduction
24. If a cell's lysosomes were damaged, which of the following would most likely occur? A. The cell would produce more proteins than it needs. B. The cell would have chloroplasts that appear yellow rather than green. C. The cell would be less able to break down molecules in its cytoplasm. D. The cell would be less able to regulate the amount of fluid in its cytoplasm.
C. The cell would be less able to break down molecules in its cytoplasm.
2. A potted plant is placed inside a clear, sealed vacuum container that has water pumped into it on a regular basis. The container is placed in the sun and the plant's growth is monitored. Which statement best describes what will most likely happen to the plant over time? A. The plant will grow faster because it is sheltered from the wind. B. The plant will die because it does not have oxygen for photosynthesis. C. The plant will die because it does not have carbon dioxide for photosynthesis D. The plant will grow at a slower rate because it requires more water.
C. The plant will die because it does not have carbon dioxide for photosynthesis
27. Which of the following functions does active transport perform in a cell? A. packaging proteins for export from the cell B. distributing enzymes throughout the cytoplasm C. moving substances against a concentration gradient D. equalizing the concentration of water inside and outside the cell
C. moving substances against a concentration gradient
2. An osmosis investigation was conducted using chicken eggs to represent cells with semi-permeable membranes. The mass of each egg was measured to determine how much water diffused into or out of the eggs. The eggs were first soaked in vinegar to dissolve the shell. Each egg was then placed in one of three different solutions for 24 hours. The table below shows the results of the investigation. https://imgur.com/hUzv0HC Based on this experiment, which of the following should be inferred about cells with semi permeable membranes? A. Substances other than water may also cross the cell membrane. B. Substances other than water may block pores in the cell membrane. C. Water enters the cell when placed in environments of high water concentration. D. Water leaves the cell when placed in environments with a low concentration of solutes
C. Water enters the cell when placed in environments of high water concentration.
5. Water is essential for life. Its special properties make water the single most important molecule in plant life. Which of the following properties of water enable it to move from the roots to the leaves of plants? A. Water expands as it freezes. B. Water is an excellent solvent. C. Water exhibits cohesive behavior. D. Water is able to moderate temperature.
C. Water exhibits cohesive behavior.
2. Many of the proteins in the human body are enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions. What is the relationship between enzymes and activation energy? A. When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it increases the activation energy of the reaction B. When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it increases the activation energy of the product. C. When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it decreases the activation energy of the reaction. D. When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it does not affect the activation energy of the reaction.
C. When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it decreases the activation energy of the reaction.
1. Carmen conducted an experiment to determine if listening to different types of music would affect a person's pulse. Her hypothesis was that pulse rate would change with different types of music. Each person listened to seven different selections of music for 30 seconds each. Each person's pulse was taken before the music and then after each 30-second interval of music. The pulses were taken again after the music selections were completed. Based on her experiment, Carmen concluded that a person's pulse rate changed when the person listened to different types of music. Which component is missing from Carmen's experiment? A. a question B. a hypothesis C. a control group D. a description of the experiment
C. a control group
5. Which process takes place in the presence of oxygen and produces nearly 20 times as much as ATP as glycolysis alone? A. photosynthesis B. lactic acid fermentation C. aerobic respiration D. alcoholic fermentation
C. aerobic respiration
QUESTIONS 5-7 Study the diagram below of the cell membrane. https://imgur.com/O1IoRfK 5. What is the building block of structure G? A. nucleotide B. chains of fatty acids C. amino acids D. monosaccharides
C. amino acids
4. Which of the following are the reactants of photosynthesis? A. water and glucose B. glucose and carbon dioxide C. carbon dioxide and water D. oxygen and water
C. carbon dioxide and water
1. Mitosis and meiosis are processes involved in cellular reproduction. Which of the following describes an event that results from mitosis but NOT meiosis? A. two stages of cell division B. replication of cellular genetic material C. daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell D. four daughter cells that are produced from each parent cell
C. daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell
3. Which of the following structure is where cellular respiration occurs in the cell below? https://imgur.com/2WnUX5U A. nucleus B. cytoplasm C. mitochondria D. vacuoles
C. mitochondria
2. Resistance to antibiotics results from variations in the genetic code of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Which type of molecule encodes genetic information in Streptococcus pneumoniae? A. carbohydrate B. fatty acid C. nucleic acid D. protein
C. nucleic acid
12. What is the function of macromolecule subunit below? https://imgur.com/Awd0CK2 A. energy B. catalyst C. stores genetic information D. composes the majority of the cell membrane
C. stores genetic information
7. A scientist wants to change the DNA of a sexually reproducing organism and have the new DNA present in every cell of the organism. In order to do this after fertilization, she would change the DNA in which of the following? A. zygote B. placenta C. testes of the father D. ovaries of the mother
C. testes of the father
2. Which invention from the 17th century allowed for the development of modern cell theory? A. X-rays B. computers C. the light microscope D. the scanning electron microscope
C. the light microscope
4. Which of the following phrases best describes cancer? A. absence of cyclins in the DNA B. multiple gene mutations on a chromosome of DNA C. uncontrolled cell growth caused by mutations in genes that control the cell cycle D. presence of genetic defects caused by hereditary disorders
C. uncontrolled cell growth caused by mutations in genes that control the cell cycle
17. A specific type of cell is being studied by a scientist. She notices the cell contains a nucleus, lysosomes, a cell membrane and cell wall. What is the correct classification of this cell? A. A prokaryotic animal cell B. A prokaryotic plant cell C. A eukaryotic animal cell D. A eukaryotic plant cell
D. A eukaryotic plant cell
6. The diagram below represents a cell of a green plant. https://imgur.com/dMHqZtF Solar energy is used to produce energy-rich compounds in which structure? A. A B. B C. C D. D
D. D
20. A lab technician needs to determine whether cells in a test tube are prokaryotic or eukaryotic. The technician has several dyes she could use to stain the cells. Four of the dyes are described in the table below: https://imgur.com/j5Dz8PQ Which dye could the technician use to determine whether the cells are prokaryotic or eukaryotic? A. acridine orange B. osmium tetraoxide C. eosin D. Nile blue
D. Nile blue
1. Two of the four principle classes of organic compounds are proteins and nucleic acids. What is the relationship between proteins and nucleic acids? A. Nucleic acids use proteins for energy B. Nucleic acids are a subset of proteins C. Proteins are long polymers of nucleic acids D. Nucleic acids contain the information to make proteins
D. Nucleic acids contain the information to make proteins
2. In which way are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different? A. Cellular respiration stores ATP, while photosynthesis releases ATP. B. Cellular respiration produces oxygen, while photosynthesis uses oxygen. C. Photosynthesis releases energy, while cellular respiration stores energy. D. Photosynthesis used carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide.
D. Photosynthesis used carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide.
1. There are some similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? A. lysosome B. mitochondrion C. nucleus D. ribosome
D. Ribosome
QUESTIONS 3-4: A Team of biology students performed an experiment to test the effects of four different solutions on a de-shelled, raw chicken egg. Each raw, unbroken chicken egg of the same size was placed in each of four different solutions. Twenty-four hours later the following results we obtained. https://imgur.com/FUCt3WL 3. Using the data table above and your knowledge about the process of science, which solution would represent the control in this experiment? A. Solution A B. Solution B C. Solution C D. Solution D
D. Solution D
22. What is the advantage of cells being so small? A. Small cells contain a greater quantity of enzymes than large cells. B. Small cells do not require energy and get everything they need from osmosis. C. The cell has a smaller surface area to volume ratio which means it can move nutrients into the cell and waste out more efficiently. D. The cell then has a larger surface area to volume ratio which means it can move nutrients into the cell and waste out more efficiently.
D. The cell then has a larger surface area to volume ratio which means it can move nutrients into the cell and waste out more efficiently.
1. Some bacteria live in hot springs. Their cells contain enzymes that function best at temperatures of 70 °C or higher. At the temperature of 50 °C, how will the enzymes in these bacterial cells most likely be affected? A. The enzymes will be destroyed by lysosomes. B. The enzymes will lose their bond structure and fall apart. C. The enzymes will require less energy to function than at 70 °C. D. The enzymes will not increase the rate of reactions as much as they would at 70 °C.
D. The enzymes will not increase the rate of reactions as much as they would at 70 °C.
30. A beaker is divided into two halves, A & B, by a membrane that is freely permeable to the water and NaCl but not to protein. Side A is half-filled with a solution of 8% protein, while side B is half filled with a 2% protein solution. Predict what would happen to side A after a few hours. A. The number of protein molecules has increased. B. The number of water molecules has decreased. C. The number of water molecules has increased. D. The percentage of water has decreased.
D. The percentage of water has decreased.
8. Which of the following best explains why enzymes are necessary for many cellular reactions? A. Enzymes supply the oxygen necessary for the reactions. B. Enzymes change reactants from solid to liquids during the reactions. C. The reactions take up too much space in the cell if the enzymes are missing. D. The reactions are too slow to meet the needs of the cell if enzymes are missing.
D. The reactions are too slow to meet the needs of the cell if enzymes are missing.
7. A person with swollen gums rinses his mouth with warm salt water, and the swelling decreases. Which of the following has occurred? A. The swollen gums have absorbed the saltwater solution. B. The saltwater solution lowers the temperature of the water in the gums. C. The salt in the solution has moved against the concentration gradient. D. The water in the gums has moved out due to the high concentration of salt in the solution.
D. The water in the gums has moved out due to the high concentration of salt in the solution.
9. Water makes up approximately 60% of the human body and plays a vital role in regulating body temperature. Which property of water makes it good at regulating temperature? A. Water is a good solvent. B. Water exhibits strong cohesion. C. Water has an unusual crystalline structure. D. Water has a high capacity for heat.
D. Water has a high capacity for heat.
6. Large bodies of water, such as lakes and oceans, do not quickly fluctuate in temperature. What is the reason for this phenomenon? A. Water is an acid. B. Water is a versatile solvent. C. Water acts as a buffer. D. Water has a high heat capacity.
D. Water has a high heat capacity.
10. Which of these best completes this concept map? https://imgur.com/h0yYwrC A. an animal cell B. a prokaryotic cell C. a virus D. a plant cell
D. a plant cell
11. Look at the diagram of a cross-section of a cell membrane below. https://imgur.com/2qxmAsy The cell membrane controls movement of materials into and out of the cell. The following particles are moving from high concentration to low concentration and are using a carrier protein. How would you describe this type of movement across the membrane? A. simple osmosis B. active transport C. simple diffusion D. facilitated diffusion
D. facilitated diffusion
29. In an emergency trauma room, a doctor accidentally gives a patient a large transfusion of distilled water directly into one of his veins instead of blood. Predict what might happen if distilled water was given to the patient instead of blood. A. have no unfavorable effect as long as the water was sterile B. have serious, perhaps fatal effects because there would be too much fluid for the heart to pump. C. have serious, perhaps fatal effects because the red blood cells would tend to shrivel D. have serious, perhaps fatal effects because the red blood cells would tend to burst
D. have serious, perhaps fatal effects because the red blood cells would tend to burst
9. A student is investigating how reaction rate changes over a range of enzyme concentrations. The student uses excess reactants. Which of the following best represents the relationship between enzyme concentration and reaction rate? A. https://imgur.com/tHmvkQ0 B. https://imgur.com/ei46SuA C. https://imgur.com/T5dGCY0 D. https://imgur.com/ILcChgj
D. https://imgur.com/ILcChgj
6. If a plant died from lack of food, which structure is most likely missing or damaged? A. flower B. root C. stem D. leaves
D. leaves
10. Many plants have waxy coatings on some surfaces. This coating reduces water loss because it is not water-permeable. This waxy coating is which of the following types of organic molecule? A. protein B. carbohydrate C. nucleic acid D. lipid
D. lipid
8. Which row in the chart below indicates the correct process for each event indicated? https://imgur.com/kdJHLPi A. row 1 B. row 2 C. row 3 D. row 4
D. row 4
4. Which characteristic do most plants have in common? A. they are unicellular B. they are prokaryotic C. they produce seeds D. they are autotrophic
D. they are autotrophic
SC.9.12.L.14.3 Cell Structure, Function and Transport
SC.9.12.L.14.3 Cell Structure, Function and Transport
SC.912.18.10 ATP
SC.912.18.10 ATP
SC.912.18.8 Cellular Respiration
SC.912.18.8 Cellular Respiration
SC.912.L.14.1 Cell Theory
SC.912.L.14.1 Cell Theory
SC.912.L.16.17: Mitosis vs. Meiosis
SC.912.L.16.17: Mitosis vs. Meiosis
SC.912.L.18.1 Macromolecules
SC.912.L.18.1 Macromolecules
SC.912.L.18.11 Enzymes
SC.912.L.18.11 Enzymes
SC.912.L.18.12: Water
SC.912.L.18.12: Water
SC.912.L.18.7 Photosynthesis
SC.912.L.18.7 Photosynthesis
SC.N.1.1.1 Practice of Science
SC.N.1.1.1 Practice of Science
1. Cell theory was first proposed in 1838. Evidence obtained through additional scientific investigations resulted in the current cell theory. Which statement describes a component of the original cell theory that was removed because of the new scientific knowledge? A. All living things are made of cells. B. All cells come from other preexisting cells. C. Cells form through spontaneous generation. D. Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.
c. Cells form through spontaneous generation.