Biology- Study Guide: Exam Two

45. Which statement about fruits is NOT true? A. A blackberry is an example of a simple fruit. B. A fleshy fruit has a fleshy pericarp, as in a peach. C. Most fruits are simple fruits, derived from a single ovary. D. A dry fruit may split at maturity to release its seeds, as a pea or bean pod. E. A multiple fruit such as a pineapple forms from many individual flowers on a stem.

A. A blackberry is an example of a simple fruit.

23. If there is only one egg in the ovule, why are two sperm needed for fertilization? A. One fertilizes the egg and the other unites with the central cell to form endosperm. B. Only one is needed; after one fertilizes the egg, the other disintegrates. C. Both unite the central cell to form triploid endosperm. D. Both unite with the egg, forming both a zygote and endosperm.

A. One fertilizes the egg and the other unites with the central cell to form endosperm.

55. The pericarp is composed of the thickened ovary wall surrounding the seed(s). A. True B. False

A. True

56. Dormancy is a period during which a seed cannot germinate, even if conditions seem suitable for germination, because some condition of cold or water availability has not been met. A. True B. False

A. True

58. Plants that reproduce asexually by growth of a new plant from stems or roots show vegetative propagation. A. True B. False

A. True

59. Staminate flowers and pistillate flowers in one plant produce a monoecious plant. A. True B. False

A. True

60. The simplest plants, the bryophytes and seedless vascular plants, are homosporous. A. True B. False

A. True

8. In the moss life cycle, the ______ generation is dominant. A. haploid gametophyte B. diploid gametophyte C. haploid sporophyte D. diploid sporophyte

A. haploid gametophyte

16. Which of the following is NOT from a division within the gymnosperm group? A. horsetail B. cycad C. conifer D. gnetophyte E. ginkgo

A. horsetail

37. Ovules are contained within the A. ovary. B. stigma. C. anther. D. filament. E. style.

A. ovary.

38. A megasporocyte would be found in the A. ovary. B. stigma. C. anther. D. filament. E. style.

A. ovary.

53. Which of the following is NOT an aggregate fruit? A. pineapple B. strawberry C. blackberry D. raspberry

A. pineapple

32. The stigma, style, and ovary are located in a carpel found in the A. pistil. B. sepal. C. receptacle. D. petal. E. stamen.

A. pistil.

3. Which plant structure is mismatched? A. strobilus - produces seeds B. rhizome - underground stem C. sepals - protect the budding flower D. cuticle - prevent water loss

A. strobilus - produces seeds

35. Monocots have their floral parts in ______, whereas dicots have their parts in _______, or multiples of those numbers. A. threes; fours or fives B. threes or fours; fives C. fours; threes or fives D. fours or fives; threes E. fives; threes or fours

A. threes; fours or fives

57. A bean seed is a monocot, with a single seed leaf. A. True B. False

B. False

11. It is possible to take the mature frond of many ferns and rub the brown growths on the lower surface over a wet plug of peat moss. Soon small heart-shaped green structures grow on the nutritious peat moss plugs. What has happened? A. You have broken off male and female structures from the bottom of the fern frond, and they united on the wet plug to form the sporophyte generation called a prothallus. B. You have broken the sori on the bottom of the fern frond, and spores fell on the plug to germinate and form the gametophyte called a prothallus. C. You have broken the sori on the bottom of the fern frond, and spores fell on the plug to germinate and form rhizomes that develop an indusium. D. You have broken the indusium on the bottom of the fern frond, and zygotes germinated on the plug to form the sporophyte made of an archegonium and an antheridium. E. You have broken the sori on the bottom of the fern frond, and zygotes germinated on the plug to form the fiddleheads that will develop into more fronds.

B. You have broken the sori on the bottom of the fern frond, and spores fell on the plug to germinate and form the gametophyte called a prothallus.

6. Plant life cycle(s) include A. the diplontic cycle only. B. alternation of generations cycle only. C. diplontic and alternation of generations cycles. D. haplontic and alternation of generations cycles. E. haplontic, diplontic, and alternation of generations cycles.

B. alternation of generations cycle only.

51. Bee pollinated flowers A. are red. B. are predominately blue or yellow. C. have little odor. D. All of the choices apply.

B. are predominately blue or yellow.

10. The fiddlehead is a _______ that unfolds into a ______. A. diploid gametophyte; fern frond B. diploid sporophyte; fern frond C. haploid sporophyte; fern frond D. haploid gametophyte; fern frond E. diploid gametophyte; moss plant

B. diploid sporophyte; fern frond

27. If you have picked a bouquet of anther-less flowers, you have picked A. male gametophytes retained within the body of sporophytes. B. female gametophytes retained within the body of sporophytes. C. sporophytes retained within the body of microgametophytes. D. sporophytes retained within the body of megagametophytes. E. microgametophytes retained within the body of megagametophytes.

B. female gametophytes retained within the body of sporophytes.

14. The small heart-shaped gametophyte called a prothallus is part of the life cycle of the A. mosses. B. ferns. C. liverworts. D. ginkgoes. E. gnetophyte.

B. ferns.

22. The name monocot and dicot are derived from the differences in the formation of: A. roots B. seed leaves, cotyledons C. seeds D. none of the choices are correct

B. seed leaves, cotyledons

30. One of the parts in the outermost ring of floral structures, forming a bud cover, is a A. pistil. B. sepal. C. receptacle. D. petal. E. stamen.

B. sepal.

40. Pollen would land on the ______ during pollination. A. ovary B. stigma C. anther D. filament E. style

B. stigma

44. The seed contains all of the following EXCEPT A. an embryo sporophyte. B. sufficient water for germination. C. stored food. D. integuments.

B. sufficient water for germination.

47. Which mechanism is NOT as likely to disperse seeds at a great distance from the parent plant? A. Coconuts are carried by ocean currents. B. Squirrels bury seeds and nuts for future use. C. Seeds are dispersed as projectiles from the parent plant. D. Hooks and spines attach the seed to animal fur or human clothing. E. Seeds eaten with fruit by animals are dropped with the animals' feces.

C. Seeds are dispersed as projectiles from the parent plant.

26. Which statement is NOT true about the life cycle of flowering plants? A. The sporophyte is diploid. B. The sporophyte produces heterospores. C. The female gametophyte is the seed. D. The male gametophyte is the pollen grain. E. The female gametophyte is retained within the body of the sporophyte parent generation.

C. The female gametophyte is the seed.

13. Which of these statements is NOT true about fertilization in a fern plant? A. An egg is produced in an archegonium. B. A sperm is produced in an antheridium. C. The sperm is carried by the wind to the egg. D. The eggs and sperm are produced on the same plant. E. Eggs and sperm are produced by the gametophyte generation.

C. The sperm is carried by the wind to the egg.

15. A microspore develops into A. a seed. B. a sporophyte. C. a male gametophyte. D. a female gametophyte. E. an ovule.

C. a male gametophyte.

39. A microspore mother cell would be located in the A. ovary. B. stigma. C. anther. D. filament. E. style.

C. anther.

24. When a monocot such as corn germinates, the initial shoot is called the _____ while the initial root is called the _______. A. hypocotyle; primary root B. hypocotyle; epicotyl C. coleoptile; radicle D. plumule; coleorhiza

C. coleoptile; radicle

5. Generation or life stage that produces the gametes in plants are called A. sporangia. B. fruit. C. gametophyte D. homospores. E. strobili.

C. gametophyte

1. All of the following are plant female reproductive structures but one. Which one is not a female structure but a male reproductive structure? A. archegonia B. megaspore C. pollen cone D. pistil

C. pollen cone

17. Seed plants all have A. fruits. B. flowers. C. pollen tubes. D. flagellated sperm. E. sperm carried by windborne pollen.

C. pollen tubes.

29. The short stem tip to which a flower is attached is called a A. pistil. B. sepal. C. receptacle. D. petal. E. stamen.

C. receptacle.

34. The structure that forms most of the flesh of an apple is the A. pistil. B. sepal. C. receptacle. D. petal. E. stamen.

C. receptacle.

46. When an ice cap moves south or arid conditions push across a continent, a plant species can "migrate," although not as fast as individual animals usually travel. Which of the following generally allows a plant population to migrate the fastest? A. pollination B. fertilization C. seed dispersal D. germination E. vegetative propagation

C. seed dispersal

4. Among the adaptations of plants to life on land are all of the following EXCEPT A. protection of the embryo from drying out. B. waxy cuticle on leaves to prevent drying out. C. waxy cuticle on roots to prevent drying out. D. vascular system (in most plants) to move water internally.

C. waxy cuticle on roots to prevent drying out.

19. Among adaptations of plants to a terrestrial environment are all of the following adaptations EXCEPT A. a dominant sporophyte with vascular tissue. B. a cuticle to prevent water loss from exposed parts of the plant. C. stomata to regulate gas exchange with the atmosphere. D. All of the choices are adaptations.

D. All of the choices are adaptations.

54. Seeds require _____________ for germination to occur. A. oxygen for increased metabolism B. adequate temperature C. adequate water D. All of the choices are required.

D. All of the choices are required.

49. A microspore A. develops into a male gametophyte. B. after mitosis becomes a pollen grain. C. is distributed by wind, animals or humans. D. All of the choices are true regarding microspores.

D. All of the choices are true regarding microspores.

20. Mosses A. can be found from the Antarctic to the tropics. B. produce peat that can be used as fuel. C. may be indicators of copper deposits. D. All of the choices are true regarding mosses.

D. All of the choices are true regarding mosses.

50. A flower A. is the sexual reproductive organ of the seed plant. B. is composed of whorls of modified leaves. C. serves to attract animal pollinators. D. All of the choices characterize flowers.

D. All of the choices characterize flowers.

21. Ferns are used A. by florists to augment bouquets. B. for wood in the case of tropical tree ferns—the wood resists decay. C. as an astringent and maidenhair fern is the source of an expectorant. D. All of these are uses for ferns.

D. All of these are uses for ferns.

52. Which of the following is NOT a simple fruit? A. peach B. pea C. rice D. pineapple

D. Pineapple

25. Which of these may occur in both angiosperms and gymnosperms? A. Seeds develop within a cone. B. Seeds develop within a flower. C. Seeds are surrounded by a fruit at maturity. D. Pollen is carried by the wind for pollination. E. Pollen is carried by animal pollinators.

D. Pollen is carried by the wind for pollination.

12. In the fern life cycle, the ______ generation is dominant. A. haploid gametophyte B. diploid gametophyte C. haploid sporophyte D. diploid sporophyte

D. diploid sporophyte

28. The microspore develops into a A. megasporocyte. B. female gametophyte. C. microsporocyte. D. male gametophyte. E. zygote.

D. male gametophyte.

9. When a moss spore lands on an appropriate site, it germinates into the first stage of the gametophyte called a/an A. antheridium. B. rhizoid. C. archegonium. D. protonema. E. thallus.

D. protonema.

42. The function of endosperm is to A. form the seedling. B. develop into the fruit. C. provide water to the embryo. D. provide nutrients to the embryo. E. provide a protective coating for the embryo.

D. provide nutrients to the embryo.

36. What flower mechanisms help prevent pollination by a foreign species? A. A pollen tube grows in the style of its own species. B. The stigma is sticky mainly to its own species of pollen. C. The timing of flowering keeps pollinators moving among a limited number of species. D. Flowers attract a small number of specialized pollinators, and therefore pollen is not spread equally to all available species of flowers. E. All of the choices would be reproductively isolating.

E. All of the choices would be reproductively isolating.

43. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the germinated pollen grain? A. Germination occurs on the surface of the stigma. B. The pollen tube forms between cells of the style. C. The pollen tube nucleus generates the pollen tube. D. There are two sperm nuclei that move down the pollen tube to the micropyle. E. Fertilization occurs when the pollen grain germinates.

E. Fertilization occurs when the pollen grain germinates.

41. Double fertilization in an angiosperm produces A. a diploid zygote and a haploid polar nucleus. B. a diploid zygote and a diploid endosperm. C. a diploid embryo and a triploid zygote. D. a triploid embryo and a diploid endosperm. E. a diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm.

E. a diploid zygote and a triploid endosperm.

2. Which of the following terms indicates that a particular type of plant would exist as separate male and female plants? A. dioecious B. monoecious C. heterosporous D. homosporous E. both homosporous and dioecious

E. both homosporous and dioecious

48. When protoplasts are used to clone plants, embryo-like structures called _____ form. A. protoplasts B. particle guns C. suckers D. phytochromes E. somatic embryos

E. somatic embryos

31. The site of formation of pollen grains is in the A. pistil. B. sepal. C. receptacle. D. petal. E. stamen.

E. stamen.

33. The anther and filament are parts of the A. pistil. B. sepal. C. receptacle. D. petal. E. stamen.

E. stamen.

7. The term for the body of a bryophyte such as Marchantia is A. antheridia. B. rhizoid. C. archegonium. D. protonema. E. thallus.

E. thallus.

18. Characteristics of EUDICOTS include all EXCEPT A. two cotyledons. B. leaves with netted veins. C. woody or herbaceous plants. D. flower parts in fours and fives. E. vascular bundles arranged irregularly in the stem.

E. vascular bundles arranged irregularly in the stem.