Biology Test 1 Notes

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Common Charateritics of ALL living things

-All living things are made up of one or more cells -All living things have a way to reproduce -All living grow and develop -All living things share a universal genetic code -All living things must obtain material and use the energy from it -All living things maintain a fairly stable international environment -All living things are able to respond to changes in their environment -As a group, all living things change over time

In which of the following ways are the structure of some viruses similar to the structure of cells>

-The viral envelope around some viruses is similar in structure to a cell membrane -Both contain genetic information in the form of either RNA or DNA

Cell Theory

Development of our modern theory of cells -All living things are made up of one or more cells -The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in a living organism -All cells come from the reproduction of preexisting cells

Organ system

Different organs that work together to carry out a function

Organ

Different types of tissue that work together to perform a function

Four basic types of tissue are?

Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous

Plant tissue is called?

Xylem

Chicken pox is an example of

a DNA virus

Leeuwenhoek, Anton van

a Dutch businessman who was the first to observe living living cells in a drop of pond water with a simple microscope

Schleiden, Matthias

a German botanist who was the first to introduce the idea that all PLANTS are made up of cells

Virchow, Rudolf

a German physician who was the first to introduce the idea and all cells are created from other preexisting cells.

Schwann, Theodor

a german zoologist who introduced the idea that ANIMAlS are made up of cells

When a specific function is carried out by a group of tissues that work together, those tissues form which of the following?

an organ

Examples of complex compounds

carbohydrates, DNA, and proteins

Organ systems make up an?

organism

lysogenic cycle

process by which a virus embeds its DNA into the DNA of the host cell and is replicated along with the host cell's DNA

Lytic cycle

the process that some viruses use to reproduce where the host DNA is immediately destroyed to make new virses

Which of the following is MOST responsible for allowing a virus to attach to a host cell to infect it?

the virus protein capsid

Organism

A complete living things, whether unicellular or multicellar

Tissue

A group of cells that work together to preform a function

Viral envelope

A layer of lipids similar to a cellular membrane that surrounds the capsid of some viruses

Host Cell

A living cell that is infected with a virus

Virus

A tiny particle that contains RNA or DNA and can infect or kill living cells; generally not considered to be a living organism

Hooke, Robert

An English physicist who was the first person to observe cells using one of the first light microscopes; gave cells their name.

Which of the following forms all matter? A. Proteins B. Atoms C. Cells D. DNA

Atoms

Cheek lining

Example of tissue

Tomato plant

Example of whole organisms

Red blood cell, brain stem cell

Examples of Cells

Bone, Tongue, Large intestine, lungs, and muscles are?

Examples of Organs

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, tongue, stomach, small intestine

Examples of the Organ systems

Examples of organism would be?

Human being, Ladybug, cat, fish, oak tree

Which two of the following scientists are most responsible for determining that all living things are made up of one or more cells?

Matthias Schleiden and Theodore Schwann

Organs make up?

Organ systems

Tissues make up?

Organs

Cellular differation

Process that creates different types of specialized cells

Mumps, measles, the flu, cold, and corona are all

RNA viruses

Which scientist was MOST responsible for establishing the idea that all cells come from the reproduction of other cells?

Rudolf Virchow

A science studies an object under a microscope. After careful study, the scientist concludes that the object doesn't represent a living organism. Which of the following would best justify the scientists conclusion?

The object contains no evidence of cells

What is the main distinguishing factor between matter being considered living or nonliving? A. The presence of elements B The presence of atoms C the presence of organic compounds D The presence of cells

The presence of cells

Stem Cells

Special cells that can differentiate into more specific types of cells

Cell

The basic unit of structure and function for living things

Capsid

The protein shell of a virus that surrounds its genetic material (either RNA or DNA)

Atom

The smallest particle of any element is called _______.

Cell Theory

Theory that all living organisms are composed of units called cells, that cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living organisms, and that all cells comes from other living cells.

Cells make up?

Tissue

Examples of chemical compounds

Water, carbon dioxide, iron oxide (rust)


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