Biology Test 1 Notes
Common Charateritics of ALL living things
-All living things are made up of one or more cells -All living things have a way to reproduce -All living grow and develop -All living things share a universal genetic code -All living things must obtain material and use the energy from it -All living things maintain a fairly stable international environment -All living things are able to respond to changes in their environment -As a group, all living things change over time
In which of the following ways are the structure of some viruses similar to the structure of cells>
-The viral envelope around some viruses is similar in structure to a cell membrane -Both contain genetic information in the form of either RNA or DNA
Cell Theory
Development of our modern theory of cells -All living things are made up of one or more cells -The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in a living organism -All cells come from the reproduction of preexisting cells
Organ system
Different organs that work together to carry out a function
Organ
Different types of tissue that work together to perform a function
Four basic types of tissue are?
Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous
Plant tissue is called?
Xylem
Chicken pox is an example of
a DNA virus
Leeuwenhoek, Anton van
a Dutch businessman who was the first to observe living living cells in a drop of pond water with a simple microscope
Schleiden, Matthias
a German botanist who was the first to introduce the idea that all PLANTS are made up of cells
Virchow, Rudolf
a German physician who was the first to introduce the idea and all cells are created from other preexisting cells.
Schwann, Theodor
a german zoologist who introduced the idea that ANIMAlS are made up of cells
When a specific function is carried out by a group of tissues that work together, those tissues form which of the following?
an organ
Examples of complex compounds
carbohydrates, DNA, and proteins
Organ systems make up an?
organism
lysogenic cycle
process by which a virus embeds its DNA into the DNA of the host cell and is replicated along with the host cell's DNA
Lytic cycle
the process that some viruses use to reproduce where the host DNA is immediately destroyed to make new virses
Which of the following is MOST responsible for allowing a virus to attach to a host cell to infect it?
the virus protein capsid
Organism
A complete living things, whether unicellular or multicellar
Tissue
A group of cells that work together to preform a function
Viral envelope
A layer of lipids similar to a cellular membrane that surrounds the capsid of some viruses
Host Cell
A living cell that is infected with a virus
Virus
A tiny particle that contains RNA or DNA and can infect or kill living cells; generally not considered to be a living organism
Hooke, Robert
An English physicist who was the first person to observe cells using one of the first light microscopes; gave cells their name.
Which of the following forms all matter? A. Proteins B. Atoms C. Cells D. DNA
Atoms
Cheek lining
Example of tissue
Tomato plant
Example of whole organisms
Red blood cell, brain stem cell
Examples of Cells
Bone, Tongue, Large intestine, lungs, and muscles are?
Examples of Organs
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, tongue, stomach, small intestine
Examples of the Organ systems
Examples of organism would be?
Human being, Ladybug, cat, fish, oak tree
Which two of the following scientists are most responsible for determining that all living things are made up of one or more cells?
Matthias Schleiden and Theodore Schwann
Organs make up?
Organ systems
Tissues make up?
Organs
Cellular differation
Process that creates different types of specialized cells
Mumps, measles, the flu, cold, and corona are all
RNA viruses
Which scientist was MOST responsible for establishing the idea that all cells come from the reproduction of other cells?
Rudolf Virchow
A science studies an object under a microscope. After careful study, the scientist concludes that the object doesn't represent a living organism. Which of the following would best justify the scientists conclusion?
The object contains no evidence of cells
What is the main distinguishing factor between matter being considered living or nonliving? A. The presence of elements B The presence of atoms C the presence of organic compounds D The presence of cells
The presence of cells
Stem Cells
Special cells that can differentiate into more specific types of cells
Cell
The basic unit of structure and function for living things
Capsid
The protein shell of a virus that surrounds its genetic material (either RNA or DNA)
Atom
The smallest particle of any element is called _______.
Cell Theory
Theory that all living organisms are composed of units called cells, that cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living organisms, and that all cells comes from other living cells.
Cells make up?
Tissue
Examples of chemical compounds
Water, carbon dioxide, iron oxide (rust)
