BIOLOGY U8

excretion

The passage of waste material out of the body

physiology

The study of the function of living organisms

The tissue which diverts food from the trachea upon swallowing is the .

epiglottis

Sort the sequence of the digestive system:

teeth, saliva, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, appendix, large intestine, rectum

loop of Henle

A descending and ascending limb of the kidney tubules

enzyme

A protein that induces chemical changes in other substances

urinary bladder

A sac which temporarily stores urine until it is excreted

urinary bladder

A sac which temporarily stores urine until it is excreted.

surfactant

A substance that lines alveoli and prevents them from collapsing

antigen

A substance that stimulates the production of an antibody

bronchiole

A very tiny tube that dead ends in an alveolus within the lungs

appendix

A worm-like organ attached to the junction of the small and large intestine.

epiglottis

An elastic cartilage located at the root of the tongue that folds over the windpipe to prevent food from entering during swallowing

pancreas

An organ just beneath the stomach that produces digestive enzymes and insulin

borborygmi

Intestinal gurgling sounds

cilia

Short filaments which wave in a coordinated fashion to move mucus

dehydration

Significant loss of body water

The breakdown of food into molecules small enough to enter the blood stream is primarily accomplished by the:

Small intestine

pharynx

The back part of the mouth and nasal cavity

dialysis

The process of artificially filtering wastes from blood

filtration

The process the kidneys perform to remove waste from the blood.

ureter

The tube connecting the kidney to the urinary bladder

urethra

The tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside

bronchi

The two tubes into which the trachea divide to go into each lung

glomerulus

Tiny groups of blood capillaries and urinary tubes that filter blood

Which organ produces bile?

liver

The common bile duct receives secretions from the:

liver, gall bladder, pancreas

carbohydrates

mouth and small intestine

What is the function of the cilia?

remove particles which have entered the lungs and stuck to the bronchial mucus

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the body is accomplished by the system.

respiratory

The ultimate purpose of the digestive system is to:

transform nutrients so that they can be absorbed into the blood

methane

An inflammable gas produced by bacteria in the large bowel

renal artery

Arteries taking blood into the kidneys

The diffusion of food molecules from the digestive tract into the blood occurs at the .

Capillaries, villi

Artificial filtration of the blood is called

Dialysis

The disassembly of food inside an organism is called:

Digestion

Digestion starts in the stomach.

False

The urethra connects the kidneys to the bladder.

False

can block the common bile duct.

Gall stones

endocrine

Pertaining to hormones

integument

Refers to the skin and its accessory structures

The liver and pancreas are connected to the:

Small intestine

feces

Solid waste from the large bowel

salivary glands

Structures in the head and neck that secrete saliva

abdominal cavity

The cavity that lies between the thorax and the pelvis

duodenum

The first piece of the small bowel, into which empties the bile and pancreatic juices

nephron

The functioning unit of the kidney that produces urine

medulla

The innermost layer of a body organ like the kidney or adrenal gland

anus

The lower opening of the intestinal tract

jejunum

The middle part of the small bowel

Bowman's capsule

The part of the nephron in the kidney that receives the wastes from the blood in the glomerulus.

pylorus

The valve at the lower end of the stomach

alveoli

Tiny sacs within the lungs which increase the surface available for gas exchange

It is possible to live without a gall bladder.

True

The absorption of oxygen into individual cells is part of respiration.

True

The lungs eliminate CO 2 gas from the body.

True

hormone

A chemical messenger produced in one part of the body which has its effect on another part such as insulin and corticoids.

jaundice

A condition resulting from bile in the blood, in which a patient's skin has a yellow color

A body system consists of:

a group of organs which perform a common function

Air entering the lungs terminates in the:

alveoli

What is the function of bile?

causes fats to dissolve in water

A major cause of emphysema as stated in the text is:

cigarette smoking

Blood circulating through the kidneys will water and important materials as it flows through the .

reabsorb, tubules

The lower part of the large intestine is called the .

rectum

proteins

stomach and small intestine

What is the function of the gall bladder?

stores bile

bronchial tube

Smaller branches of the bronchi within the lungs

absorption

Taking in nutrients through the small intestine

larynx

The "voice box" in the neck, which contains the vocal cords

ileum

The distal half of the small bowel

Most absorption of water occurs in the:

large intestine

Liquid waste processed by the kidney is called .

urine

What is found in the kidney pelvis?

urine

The process of food entering the blood stream is called .

Absorption

intestinal flora

Bacteria within the large intestine which help break down digested food material

Saliva contains a(n) which accelerates the digestion of .

Enzyme, Starches

Air entering the lungs is filtered through the pharynx.

False

Air enters the lungs through the esophagus.

False

External respiration includes expelling CO 2 from the cells.

False

Food moves from the mouth to the stomach through the long tube called the trachea.

False

The primary digestive substance in the stomach is .

Hydrochloric acid

respiration

The exchange and chemical conversion of gases between your body and the environment

cortex

The outer part of an organ, like the adrenal gland, cerebrum, or kidney

metabolism

The sum of all body chemistry

Jaundice is caused by blockage of liver bile and is exhibited by skin.

Yellow

A small organ called the is positioned between the large and small intestine.

appendix

Reduction of gas diffusion as a result of alveolar surface area is a medical condition known as emphysema.

decreased

The process of blood takes place in the Bowmans Capsule of the nephron.

filtration

Glucagon and insulin are two of the produced by the pancreas to aid in digestion.

hormones

Food which enters the large intestine is broken down by:

intestinal flora

The primary organ responsible for eliminating liquid waste is the:

kidney

What is starch?

polymer of sugar

fats

small intestine

The excretory system is involved with eliminating:

solid, liquid, and gas waste

The windpipe is a common term for the .

trachea

insulin

A hormone secreted by the pancreas which lowers the level of the blood sugar.

An irritation of the stomach lining results in .

An ulcer

What takes place through the tissues of the alveoli?

Blood going to cells receives O 2, Blood coming from the cells releases CO 2

The lungs contain elastic muscle tissue to permit inhalation.

False

The study of the coordinated functions of a living organism is called .

Physiology