BIOLOGY U8
excretion
The passage of waste material out of the body
physiology
The study of the function of living organisms
The tissue which diverts food from the trachea upon swallowing is the .
epiglottis
Sort the sequence of the digestive system:
teeth, saliva, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, appendix, large intestine, rectum
loop of Henle
A descending and ascending limb of the kidney tubules
enzyme
A protein that induces chemical changes in other substances
urinary bladder
A sac which temporarily stores urine until it is excreted
urinary bladder
A sac which temporarily stores urine until it is excreted.
surfactant
A substance that lines alveoli and prevents them from collapsing
antigen
A substance that stimulates the production of an antibody
bronchiole
A very tiny tube that dead ends in an alveolus within the lungs
appendix
A worm-like organ attached to the junction of the small and large intestine.
epiglottis
An elastic cartilage located at the root of the tongue that folds over the windpipe to prevent food from entering during swallowing
pancreas
An organ just beneath the stomach that produces digestive enzymes and insulin
borborygmi
Intestinal gurgling sounds
cilia
Short filaments which wave in a coordinated fashion to move mucus
dehydration
Significant loss of body water
The breakdown of food into molecules small enough to enter the blood stream is primarily accomplished by the:
Small intestine
pharynx
The back part of the mouth and nasal cavity
dialysis
The process of artificially filtering wastes from blood
filtration
The process the kidneys perform to remove waste from the blood.
ureter
The tube connecting the kidney to the urinary bladder
urethra
The tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside
bronchi
The two tubes into which the trachea divide to go into each lung
glomerulus
Tiny groups of blood capillaries and urinary tubes that filter blood
Which organ produces bile?
liver
The common bile duct receives secretions from the:
liver, gall bladder, pancreas
carbohydrates
mouth and small intestine
What is the function of the cilia?
remove particles which have entered the lungs and stuck to the bronchial mucus
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the body is accomplished by the system.
respiratory
The ultimate purpose of the digestive system is to:
transform nutrients so that they can be absorbed into the blood
methane
An inflammable gas produced by bacteria in the large bowel
renal artery
Arteries taking blood into the kidneys
The diffusion of food molecules from the digestive tract into the blood occurs at the .
Capillaries, villi
Artificial filtration of the blood is called
Dialysis
The disassembly of food inside an organism is called:
Digestion
Digestion starts in the stomach.
False
The urethra connects the kidneys to the bladder.
False
can block the common bile duct.
Gall stones
endocrine
Pertaining to hormones
integument
Refers to the skin and its accessory structures
The liver and pancreas are connected to the:
Small intestine
feces
Solid waste from the large bowel
salivary glands
Structures in the head and neck that secrete saliva
abdominal cavity
The cavity that lies between the thorax and the pelvis
duodenum
The first piece of the small bowel, into which empties the bile and pancreatic juices
nephron
The functioning unit of the kidney that produces urine
medulla
The innermost layer of a body organ like the kidney or adrenal gland
anus
The lower opening of the intestinal tract
jejunum
The middle part of the small bowel
Bowman's capsule
The part of the nephron in the kidney that receives the wastes from the blood in the glomerulus.
pylorus
The valve at the lower end of the stomach
alveoli
Tiny sacs within the lungs which increase the surface available for gas exchange
It is possible to live without a gall bladder.
True
The absorption of oxygen into individual cells is part of respiration.
True
The lungs eliminate CO 2 gas from the body.
True
hormone
A chemical messenger produced in one part of the body which has its effect on another part such as insulin and corticoids.
jaundice
A condition resulting from bile in the blood, in which a patient's skin has a yellow color
A body system consists of:
a group of organs which perform a common function
Air entering the lungs terminates in the:
alveoli
What is the function of bile?
causes fats to dissolve in water
A major cause of emphysema as stated in the text is:
cigarette smoking
Blood circulating through the kidneys will water and important materials as it flows through the .
reabsorb, tubules
The lower part of the large intestine is called the .
rectum
proteins
stomach and small intestine
What is the function of the gall bladder?
stores bile
bronchial tube
Smaller branches of the bronchi within the lungs
absorption
Taking in nutrients through the small intestine
larynx
The "voice box" in the neck, which contains the vocal cords
ileum
The distal half of the small bowel
Most absorption of water occurs in the:
large intestine
Liquid waste processed by the kidney is called .
urine
What is found in the kidney pelvis?
urine
The process of food entering the blood stream is called .
Absorption
intestinal flora
Bacteria within the large intestine which help break down digested food material
Saliva contains a(n) which accelerates the digestion of .
Enzyme, Starches
Air entering the lungs is filtered through the pharynx.
False
Air enters the lungs through the esophagus.
False
External respiration includes expelling CO 2 from the cells.
False
Food moves from the mouth to the stomach through the long tube called the trachea.
False
The primary digestive substance in the stomach is .
Hydrochloric acid
respiration
The exchange and chemical conversion of gases between your body and the environment
cortex
The outer part of an organ, like the adrenal gland, cerebrum, or kidney
metabolism
The sum of all body chemistry
Jaundice is caused by blockage of liver bile and is exhibited by skin.
Yellow
A small organ called the is positioned between the large and small intestine.
appendix
Reduction of gas diffusion as a result of alveolar surface area is a medical condition known as emphysema.
decreased
The process of blood takes place in the Bowmans Capsule of the nephron.
filtration
Glucagon and insulin are two of the produced by the pancreas to aid in digestion.
hormones
Food which enters the large intestine is broken down by:
intestinal flora
The primary organ responsible for eliminating liquid waste is the:
kidney
What is starch?
polymer of sugar
fats
small intestine
The excretory system is involved with eliminating:
solid, liquid, and gas waste
The windpipe is a common term for the .
trachea
insulin
A hormone secreted by the pancreas which lowers the level of the blood sugar.
An irritation of the stomach lining results in .
An ulcer
What takes place through the tissues of the alveoli?
Blood going to cells receives O 2, Blood coming from the cells releases CO 2
The lungs contain elastic muscle tissue to permit inhalation.
False
The study of the coordinated functions of a living organism is called .
Physiology