Biology Unit 1 Nutrition
Which B vitamin is involved in making acetyl CoA and is readily available in nuts, beans, and green leafy vegetable?
Pantothenic acid
______ are the major structural components of the plasma membrane. They consists of a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails
Phospholipids
A patients visits a doctor because the patient is having difficulty metabolizing fats. What vitamin supplement might a physician recommend to help with this disorder ?
Riboflavin
Coenzymes function to
absorb excess hydrogen and hydroxide ions, keeping the pH relatively stable, so that reactions can occur most efficiently
In a chemical reaction, the energy in ATP is provided by splitting the ATP molecule between the
adenosine diphosphate and phosphate
Some vitamins pose health risks because vitamins A, D, E, and K are stored in the
adipose tissue
In the process of feedback inhibition the end product binds to the______ to block the biochemical pathway.
allosteric site of the first enzyme
Energy nutrients can be found in a variety of foods. From the list below, select the foods that would provide the body with the most protein. (Check all that apply.)
bean and meat
Caffeine is
both water- and fat-soluble
While B vitamins can be found in energy drinks, few have folic acid. A person with a folic acid deficiency may have difficulty_____
building new cells
Polysaccharides are found in the energy nutrient class of
carbohydrates
Enzymes catalyze a chemical reaction by
decreasing the amount of ATP required to activate a reaction.
An organic nutrient that contains a hydrophilic functional group would have difficulty dissolving in water.
false
If a person intakes a large amount of water-soluble vitamins, the excess vitamins will be stored in liver for later use.
false
If there were no solar energy, humans would not be affected because they rely on chemical energy.
false
Inorganic molecules are important nutrients used in cellular processes to produce energy.
false
The role of NAD+ in cellular respiration is to move high-energy neutrons during the breakdown of glucose.
false
In the small intestines, the role of the lacteals is to absorb_____
fat-soluble nutrients
Cellular respiration is a process that
harvests the potential energy found in the chemical bonds of organic molecules.
In humans, energy stored in food is converted into____ to perform work by the cells
ATP
Which of the following is a function of the digestive system?
Absorb nutrients
Which of the following monomers is correctly matched with its polymer?
Amino acid--protein
Which pair of enzymes is required to fully break down starch into glucose?
Amylase and maltase
Which of the following vitamins is categorized as water-soluble?
B
Which of the following statements best describes the effects of caffeine on the body?
Caffeine is considered a psychoactive drug because it changes brain function.
Which plant structure provides the initial capture of solar energy?
Chloroplasts
The largest number of ATP molecules is produced in which phase of cellular respiration?
Electron transport chain
Which of the following statements is true regarding energy drinks?
Energy drinks claim to increase energy levels, mental awareness, and reduce muscle fatigue.
Both starch and cellulose are made by stringing together many glucose molecules. However, while starch is easily digested by humans, cellulose is indigestible. The starch polysaccharide has bonds occurring below the sugar rings, while the bonds in cellulose alternate above the ring and below the next ring. How can you explain humans' inability to digest cellulose?
Humans do not eat cellulose.
From the following list, choose all that relate to caffeine. (Check all that apply.)
It is a psychoactive drug, It is a stimulant, It influences many metabolic pathways.
Triglycerides are found in the energy nutrient class of
Lipids
Which of the following processes would be most directly impacted from a lack of niacin in the body?
The movement of high-energy electrons with the help of NAD+ to the electron transport chain
What property of phospholipids makes them suitable for the formation of the double layer found in membranes?
They have both a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic end.
Which of the following would you find in a healthy diet and in energy drinks?
Vitamins
In a hydrolysis reaction, _____ is added to the polymer to break the bond between the monomers
Water
You are examining models that represent organs of the digestive system. You are asked to label all the accessory organs. Which of the following would you label? (Check all that apply.)
liver, gallbladder, pancreas
Glucose molecules are linked together through dehydration synthesis to form starch. Based on this description, glucose is a______and starch is a_____
monomer; polymer
Enzymes are
monosaccharides
Like all nutrient class, carbohydrates are broken down at multiple points throughout digestion. In the small intestines,
monosaccharides and disaccharides are absorbed.
Starch digestion begins in the____ and protein digestion begins in the ___.
mouth; stomach
Vitamins are
nutrients that are directly metabolized through cellular respiration pathways, providing energy for the cell.
Which of the following is the key feature of glycolysis?
splitting glucose into two pyruvate
The source of all energy is provided by
the sun
Hydrolysis of sucrose, a disaccharide, results in
two monomers
Lipids are different from other nutrient classes in that they
will not combine with water