Biology Unit 1 Nutrition

Which B vitamin is involved in making acetyl CoA and is readily available in nuts, beans, and green leafy vegetable?

Pantothenic acid

______ are the major structural components of the plasma membrane. They consists of a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails

Phospholipids

A patients visits a doctor because the patient is having difficulty metabolizing fats. What vitamin supplement might a physician recommend to help with this disorder ?

Riboflavin

Coenzymes function to

absorb excess hydrogen and hydroxide ions, keeping the pH relatively stable, so that reactions can occur most efficiently

In a chemical reaction, the energy in ATP is provided by splitting the ATP molecule between the

adenosine diphosphate and phosphate

Some vitamins pose health risks because vitamins A, D, E, and K are stored in the

adipose tissue

In the process of feedback inhibition the end product binds to the______ to block the biochemical pathway.

allosteric site of the first enzyme

Energy nutrients can be found in a variety of foods. From the list below, select the foods that would provide the body with the most protein. (Check all that apply.)

bean and meat

Caffeine is

both water- and fat-soluble

While B vitamins can be found in energy drinks, few have folic acid. A person with a folic acid deficiency may have difficulty_____

building new cells

Polysaccharides are found in the energy nutrient class of

carbohydrates

Enzymes catalyze a chemical reaction by

decreasing the amount of ATP required to activate a reaction.

An organic nutrient that contains a hydrophilic functional group would have difficulty dissolving in water.

false

If a person intakes a large amount of water-soluble vitamins, the excess vitamins will be stored in liver for later use.

false

If there were no solar energy, humans would not be affected because they rely on chemical energy.

false

Inorganic molecules are important nutrients used in cellular processes to produce energy.

false

The role of NAD+ in cellular respiration is to move high-energy neutrons during the breakdown of glucose.

false

In the small intestines, the role of the lacteals is to absorb_____

fat-soluble nutrients

Cellular respiration is a process that

harvests the potential energy found in the chemical bonds of organic molecules.

In humans, energy stored in food is converted into____ to perform work by the cells

ATP

Which of the following is a function of the digestive system?

Absorb nutrients

Which of the following monomers is correctly matched with its polymer?

Amino acid--protein

Which pair of enzymes is required to fully break down starch into glucose?

Amylase and maltase

Which of the following vitamins is categorized as water-soluble?

B

Which of the following statements best describes the effects of caffeine on the body?

Caffeine is considered a psychoactive drug because it changes brain function.

Which plant structure provides the initial capture of solar energy?

Chloroplasts

The largest number of ATP molecules is produced in which phase of cellular respiration?

Electron transport chain

Which of the following statements is true regarding energy drinks?

Energy drinks claim to increase energy levels, mental awareness, and reduce muscle fatigue.

Both starch and cellulose are made by stringing together many glucose molecules. However, while starch is easily digested by humans, cellulose is indigestible. The starch polysaccharide has bonds occurring below the sugar rings, while the bonds in cellulose alternate above the ring and below the next ring. How can you explain humans' inability to digest cellulose?

Humans do not eat cellulose.

From the following list, choose all that relate to caffeine. (Check all that apply.)

It is a psychoactive drug, It is a stimulant, It influences many metabolic pathways.

Triglycerides are found in the energy nutrient class of

Lipids

Which of the following processes would be most directly impacted from a lack of niacin in the body?

The movement of high-energy electrons with the help of NAD+ to the electron transport chain

What property of phospholipids makes them suitable for the formation of the double layer found in membranes?

They have both a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic end.

Which of the following would you find in a healthy diet and in energy drinks?

Vitamins

In a hydrolysis reaction, _____ is added to the polymer to break the bond between the monomers

Water

You are examining models that represent organs of the digestive system. You are asked to label all the accessory organs. Which of the following would you label? (Check all that apply.)

liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Glucose molecules are linked together through dehydration synthesis to form starch. Based on this description, glucose is a______and starch is a_____

monomer; polymer

Enzymes are

monosaccharides

Like all nutrient class, carbohydrates are broken down at multiple points throughout digestion. In the small intestines,

monosaccharides and disaccharides are absorbed.

Starch digestion begins in the____ and protein digestion begins in the ___.

mouth; stomach

Vitamins are

nutrients that are directly metabolized through cellular respiration pathways, providing energy for the cell.

Which of the following is the key feature of glycolysis?

splitting glucose into two pyruvate

The source of all energy is provided by

the sun

Hydrolysis of sucrose, a disaccharide, results in

two monomers

Lipids are different from other nutrient classes in that they

will not combine with water