Biology Unit 1 Part 2 Test Study Guide

Main Ideas of the Cell Theory

All organisms are composed of one or more cells All cells come from preexisting cells The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of organisms

Mitochondria

Breaks down sugars to produce energy during cellular respiration

mitochondria break these down to produce ATP

Carbohydrates

chloroplasts produce these

Carboydrates

A scientist isolates a number of non-photosynthetic prokaryotes. Which structure could be found in these cells?

Cell Wall

Which pair of organelles works together to give structure and support in animal cells?

Cell membrane and cytoskeleton

The number of a particular organelle within a cell is dependent upon the function of that cell. Which of the following organelle would be found in abundance in sunflower leaf cells?

Chloroplasts

Chloroplast

Contains grana and stroma, responsible for performing photosynthesis

Nucleic Acids

Contains the "genetic code"; found in the cell's nucleus

Chief cells are found in the glands that line the inside of the stomach. These cells secrete large amounts of enzymes to aid in food digestion.​ Which cellular structure will be more abundant in chief cells because of their high rate of enzyme secretion?

Endoplasmic Reticulum

The main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that only __________ cells have a nucleus

Eukarotic

Animal cells prefer what type of solution?

Isotonic

molecule that makes up the plasma membrane

Lipids

Flagella

Long projections used for locomotion that move in a whip-like fashion

Protein

Makes up the cytoskeleton, providing structure for cells

Plant cells have ....

Mitochondria Cell Wall Nucleus Ribosomes Cell Membrane Chloroplast Golgi Apparatus Endoplasmic Reticulum DNA

Animal cells have ....

Mitochondria Nucleus Ribosomses Cell membrane Lysosomes Golgi Apparatus Endoplasmic Reticulum DNA

Which best explains why muscle cells have more mitochondria than skin cells?

Muscle cells require more energy than skin cells.

found in the nucleus

Nucleic Acids

contain the instructions for proteins to be made

Nucleic acids

Which part of a phospholipid allows the cell membrane to interact with water in its environment?

Phosphate head, because it is polar

Carbohydrates

Produced by the chloroplast as a quick source of energy in plant cells

lysosomes contain these

Proteins

made in the rough ER

Proteins

the golgi packages these and sends them out of the cell

Proteins

Prokaryote cells have ....

Ribosomes Cell membrane Cell wall DNA

Cilia

Short, hairlike projections used for locomotion in some cells that move in a wake-like manner

Which structural feature of the cell membrane allows molecules such as oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse into and out of the cell?

The cell membrane is made up of two layers of phospholipids.

What will likely happen to a saltwater fish if it were put into a freshwater aquarium?

The cells in the fish would take on too much water and likely swell up.

Lipids

The main component of the cell membrane; is nonpolar

Arrange the options from least complex to most complex

The rough ER contains ribosomes needed to produce insulin, a protein The beta cells is responsible for producing insulin to help digest sugars taken in from out diet The islet of Langerhans is an area of tissue that produces insulin, a protein that helps break down sugar The pancreas is an organ that produces digestive enzymes and hormones for the body The digestive system is responsible for obtaining nutrients from the food we eat

What is the function of the membrane bound transport proteins in a cell membrane?

To help transport large molecules across the membrane that cannot diffuse through the semi-permeable membrane

A red blood cell is placed into an aqueous solution. The red blood cell has a lower concentration of protein and sugar than the aqueous solution, as shown in the diagram. In the diagram, the volume of the cell is equal to the volume outside the cell.

Water from the red blood cell will diffuse into the solution.

In which type of cells in a mouse are you most likely to find more mitochondria?

cardiac (heart)

Due to a puncture in the internal membrane of this organelle, light energy can no longer be used to split water molecules to start photosynthesis.

chloroplasts

lysosomes

contains digestive enzymes; digests old and worn out organelles

Sperm cells are produced that contain the genetic material but lack the ability to move

flagella

Secreted proteins are made but cannot be transported out of the cell.

golgi apparatus

Damaged organelles are accumulating in the cytoplasm.

lysosomes

Plasma membrane

maintains homeostasis withing a cell

Nucleus

manages functions within a eukaryotic cell

An animal sperm cell moves by a flagella whipping back and forth on one end of the cell and propelling it in the opposite direction. Due to this method of movement, which organelle would we expect to see more of in a sperm cell than in a skin cell?

mitochondria

An individual feels tired all the time.

mitochondria

Due to the blocking of electrons, this structure can no longer produce ATP to provide energy for other organelles.

mitochondria

Chlorophyll

pigment in plants that absorbs all wavelengths of light except green

Cells are producing proteins that don't function properly.

ribosomes

Small intestinal cells can't make enough digestive enzymes to keep up with digesting food.

ribosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum

site for protein or lipid production

Nucleolus

site for ribosome production

Ribosomes

site of protein production

Cells become poisoned by alcohol build up in the cell.

smooth ER

Golgi Apparatus

sorts and transports proteins

What will likely happen to the plants on the side of a road if we use too much salt during the winter to de-ice the roads?

their cells will lose water due to osmosis and they will become plasmolysed

If you get lost on a remote island, why should you not drink the ocean water? (Water, water everywhere. Nor a a drop to drink)

your red blood cells would lose water