Biology Unit 2 Quiz 2

ionic bond

A bond formed by the electrical attraction between two oppositely charged ions

covalent

A bond of the following elements would be of what type? Drawing a model may be helpful. 2H + O ionic covalent

covalent

A bond of the following elements would be of what type? Drawing a model may be helpful. C + 4H ionic covalent

ionic

A bond of the following elements would be of what type? Drawing a model may be helpful. Ca + 2Cl ionic covalent

ionic

A bond of the following elements would be of what type? Drawing a model may be helpful. Na + Cl ionic covalent

covalent bond

A chemical bond formed between two atoms by the sharing of electrons

inorganic

A chemical compound not containing carbon.

base

Capable of combining with hydrogen; it normally donates a hydroxyl (OH -)

2

Carbon's n=1 level

4

Carbon's n=2 level

0

Carbon's n=3 level

0

Carbon's n=4 level

Na+

How is a sodium ion symbol written? Na+ So+ So- Na-

1

How many chlorine can oxygen donate

0

How many electrons can oxygen donate

0

How many electrons can oxygen receive

2

How many electrons can oxygen receive

cation

Identify this symbol. Al +3 cation atom molecule anion

anion

Identify this symbol. Cl - atom anion cation molecule

molecule

Identify this symbol. H2O molecule atom cation anion

atom

Identify this symbol. Ne molecule anion cation atom

anion

Identify this symbol. OH - molecule anion atom cation

an electron may change to an excited state an electron may move to a higher energy level

If an atom is supplied with excess energy: an electron may change to an excited state a proton will leave the nucleus an electron may move to a higher energy level an electron may move to a lower energy level an electron may fly off (exit) the energy level

ionic

Inorganic compounds are usually held together by ___________________ bonds.

True

Salts help to maintain the natural ionic concentration of an organism True False

intermolecular force between hydrogen and oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen an attraction between polar molecules

Select the characteristics of a hydrogen bond: hydrogen attracted to weakly positive atoms a gravitational force intermolecular force between hydrogen and oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen an attraction between polar molecules

chemical bond

The union between atoms by the interaction of their electrons in the outermost energy level

put together

The word "synthesize" means: melt add create put together

the sharing of electrons by two or more atoms

A covalent bond is: a bond in which atoms stay very close but do not actually contact the sharing of electrons by two or more atoms any bond between two or more atoms attraction between two positive atoms

False

A hydrogen bond is completed by the transfer of its sole electron to another element. True False

solvent

A liquid which acts to dissolve or suspend solutes

pH

A measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution

anion

A negatively charged ion is called a(n) ________________

anion

A negatively charged ion; an atom which has gained an electron.

strong base

A pH of 12 indicates a(n): weak base strong base weak acid strong acid

strong acid

A pH of 2 indicates a(n): strong acid weak base strong base weak acid

cation

A positively charged ion is called a(n) ________________

cation

A positively charged ion; an atom which has lost an electron.

solute

A substance which is dissolved in a liquid.

base

A substance which yields a cation plus the hydroxyl ion in water is a(n): base salt acid

acid

A substance which yields an anion plus a hydrogen ion is a(n): salt base acid

covalent

A water molecule is held together by a ______________________ bond

False

All the subatomic particles participate in chemical reactions. True False

energy

An electron in the second energy level has more ________________________ than an electron in the first energy level.

hydrogen bond

An intermolecular force occuring between a hydrogen atom and fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms

two atoms exchange electrons and become ions

An ionic bond occurs when: two ions neutralize each other two atoms come in contact two atoms exchange electrons and become ions

is the attraction of two oppositely charged ions involves actual transfer of electrons

An ionic bond: is the attraction of two oppositely charged ions is the attraction of two similarly charged ions involves actual transfer of electrons does not involve actual transfer of electrons

carbon

An organic molecule will always contain: carbon and hydrogen oxygen hydrogen O, H, and C carbon

organic

Any chemical compound which contains carbon.

chemical reaction

Atoms of elements or compounds interact to form at least one new compound

True

Atoms which possess completed outer energy level or have a stable octet are inert. True False

to rearrange its configuration to result in a complete outer energy level

Chemical reactions are the result of an atom attempting: to reduce the number of electrons to rearrange its configuration to result in a complete outer energy level add electrons to have a stable octet in its outer energy level to become electrically neutral

acid

Donates a hydrogen atom during disassociation.

ion

Electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of electrons

-1

Electron's valence

2

Nitrogen's n=1 level

5

Nitrogen's n=2 level

0

Nitrogen's n=3 level

0

Nitrogen's n=4 level

will not

Organic fats ______________________________ dissolve in water.

-2

Oxygen's valence

2

Phosphorus's n=1 level

8

Phosphorus's n=2 level

5

Phosphorus's n=3 level

0

Phosphorus's n=4 level

salt

The compound formed by the ionic bonding of a cation and anion.

8 18

The first (n=1) energy level of an atom contains a maximum of 2 electrons, the second (n=2) energy level contains a maximum of __, and the third (n=3) energy level contains a maximum of ____.

valence

The number of electrons lost or gained to complete an element's outer energy level

7

The pH of water is ____ because it contains an equal amount of H+ and OH- ions.

0 14

The pH scale ranges between ___ and _____.

complete

Valence is the number of electrons an atom must gain or lose in order to ____________________________ its outer energy level or have a stable octet.

False

Water can only dissolve inorganic compounds. True False

hydrogen

Water molecules are attracted to each other by ________________________________ bonds.

separate into ions

When salts are dissolved in water they: separate into component atoms separate into ions precipitate as compounds form acids and/ or bases

when less than half of the outer energy level is filled

When will an atom give up electrons? when more than half of the outer energy level is filled when the n = 2 level is full when less than half of the outer energy level is filled when the outer energy level is empty

-3 +2 +1 +3 -1 -2

Which valences have the greatest tendency to form ions? -3 +2 +4 -4 +1 +3 -1 -2

anion

a negative ion

cation

a positive ion

ion

an atom which has gained or lost electrons

acid

produces H + ions when added to water

base

produces OH - ions when added to water