Biology - Unit 4
12. Which of the following statements describes the role of ATP in animal cells? A. ATP stores and releases energy. B. ATP forms the channels in the plasma membrane. C. ATP serves as the hereditary material in the nucleus. D. ATP attaches to and digests unneeded organic molecules.
A
13. Which of the following most likely happens in the cells of a person running in the Boston Marathon? A. The respiration rate increases to produce more ATP. B. The replication rate increases to produce more DNA. C. The photosynthesis rate increases to produce more sugars. D. The cell division rate increases to produce more muscle fibers.
A
14. Which process do the animals in food webs use to convert energy from food into ATP? A. cellular respiration B. osmosis C. photosynthesis D. transcription
A
17. Evaluate the following statement: Aerobic means there is oxygen present, while anaerobic means there is no oxygen present. a. True b. False
A
Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration involve all of the following except chlorophyll. glucose. oxygen. water.
A
11. Some antibiotics work by disrupting ATP production in bacteria. Which of the following will the bacteria lack when ATP production is disrupted? A. genetic material for reproduction B. energy to perform life processes C. nucleic acids to make proteins D. cytoplasm to diffuse oxygen
B
18. Evaluate the following statement: The point of releasing high energy electrons in cellular respiration is so they can be put to work making large amounts of chemical energy in the form of glucose. a. True b. False
B
When Lance goes jogging, his heart rate increases to pump blood faster and supply his muscles with more oxygen. Which of the following helps to maintain homeostasis in response to this increase in heart rate? an increase in digestion an increase in respiration a decrease in perspiration a decrease in bone growth
B
16. During what stage of cellular respiration is the most ATP synthesized? a. Glycolysis b. Krebs Cycle c. Electron Transport Chain d. Fermentation
C
What are the reactants in the equation for cellular respiration? Oxygen and lactic acid Carbon dioxide and water Glucose and oxygen Water and glucose
C
When glycolysis occurs A molecule of glucose is split. 2 ATP are produced. Both of the above.
C
Bromthymol blue is an indicator solution that is normally blue, but turns yellow in the presence of carbon dioxide. If you placed an animal-like protist in the bromthymol blue solution, which of the following do you predict would be the result and why? The solution would stay blue because the organism is photosynthesizing. The solution would turn yellow because the organism is photosynthesizing. The solution would stay blue because the organism is undergoing cellular respiration. The solution would turn yellow because the organism is undergoing cellular respiration.
D
Water is an end product of Lactic acid fermentation Alcoholic fermentation The Krebs cycle The electron transport chain
D
When oxygen gas is present, the greatest number of ATP molecules is produced in Glycolysis The Krebs Cycle The Pre-Krebs Cycle Electron transport chain
D
Which of the following is the correct order of events in cellular respiration? Glycolysis🡪 electron transport chain🡪and Krebs cycle Electron transport chain🡪glycolysis🡪Krebs cycle Krebs cycle🡪glycolysis🡪electron transport chain Glycolysis🡪Krebs cycle🡪electron transport chain
D
Which of the following statements correctly describes the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration? Photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur in the same organelle. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are performed by all organisms. Photosynthesis produces carbon dioxide, and cellular respiration uses carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis stores energy for cells, and cellular respiration releases energy for cells.
D
Glycolysis produces 12 ATP molecules per glucose.
F (2)
Lactic acid fermentation produces lactic acid molecules and 4 ATP molecules, and is only performed by certain bacterial species.
F (2, bacterial and animal)
All the energy in an ATP molecule is stored between the 1st and 2nd phosphate groups.
F (2nd and 3rd)
ATP has 2 phosphate groups, while ADP has 3 phosphate groups.
F (3,2)
The order of events in aerobic cellular respiration is the Krebs Cycle, followed by Glycolysis, followed by the Electron Transport Chain.
F (Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle)
Both water and carbon dioxide are used in the light dependent reactions.
F (Water is)
Anaerobic means there's oxygen present, while aerobic means there's no oxygen present.
F (aerobic, anaerobic)
The Light Independent Reactions come before the Light Dependent Reactions in the process of photosynthesis.
F (after)
During the Krebs Cycle, carbon dioxide molecules are made, but no ATP is made.
F (and 2)
Producers are otherwise known as heterotrophs.
F (autotrophs)
The oxygen and hydrogen atoms in a molecule of glucose come from water.
F (carbon, carbon dioxide)
Photosynthesis takes place in the mitochondria.
F (chloroplasts)
The main purpose of photosynthesis is to break down molecules of glucose to get the energy out.
F (convert sunlight energy)
Prokaryotic cellular respiration takes place in their mitochondria.
F (cytoplasm)
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are connected through the nitrogen, carbon, and water cycles.
F (energy flow)
If oxygen cannot be used or is not available, all cells will immediately die.
F (fermentation occurs)
The purpose of cellular respiration is to break down ATP molecules to get energy out of them.
F (glucose)
ATP has the ability to store energy for long periods of time, while glucose can only store energy for short periods of time for immediate use by the cell.
F (glucose, ATP)
The light dependent reactions produce sugars, while the light independent reactions produce oxygen gas.
F (independent, dependent)
Sunlight energy is directly needed for both photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
F (indirectly needed for cellular respiration)
Only plants undergo photosynthesis.
F (mostly)
The electrons that end up in glucose molecules originally came from carbon dioxide molecules.
F (obtained energy from sunlight)
Both autotrophs and heterotrophs can photosynthesize.
F (only)
Non-photosynthetic organisms like animals have both chloroplasts and mitochondria, while photosynthetic organisms only have chloroplasts.
F (only, have mitochondria and)
Consumers take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere during photosynthesis, while producers put the carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere when they respire.
F (producers, consumers)
Glucose is a large molecule that is efficient at storing energy for long periods of time.
F (short)
The oxygen gas that is released during photosynthesis is the result of carbon dioxide splitting up.
F (water)
Which of the following correctly shows the order of events in photosynthesis? (LDR = Light Dependent Reactions
LIR = Light Independent Reactions) LDR 🡪 light capture 🡪 LIR LIR 🡪 light capture 🡪 LDR Light capture 🡪 LDR 🡪 LIR Light capture 🡪 LIR 🡪 LDR / c
A major event of the light dependent reactions is to extract electrons from water and then energize them with sunlight energy in the chlorophyll.
T
ATP is a higher energy molecule than ADP.
T
Alcoholic fermentation produces alcohol, carbon dioxide, and 2 ATP molecules, and is performed by yeasts and certain types of bacteria.
T
All kingdoms of eukaryotes can undergo cellular respiration, which takes place in their mitochondria.
T
During glycolysis, high energy electrons are extracted from glucose.
T
Ecosystems rely on autotrophs to photosynthesize to provide energy for the ecosystem's heterotrophic organisms.
T
Ecosystems rely on the autotrophs to photosynthesize to provide energy for the heterotrophic organisms.
T
Electrons are low energy at the end of the Electron Transport Chain because their energy was used to help make ATP.
T
Electrons are taken out of water, energized, and then put into glucose in photosynthesis, while electrons are broken out of glucose, put to work making ATP, and then accepted by oxygen re-forming water again in cellular respiration.
T
Energy-requiring cellular processes occur because ATP provides the energy for them to happen.
T
Glucose contains 24 atoms that are all held together by covalent bonds.
T
Glucose molecules are high energy because they contain electrons that got energized by sunlight.
T
Humans undergo lactic acid fermentation during strenuous exercise when not enough oxygen is reaching their cells to continue cellular respiration.
T
If a cell needs to store energy, a phosphate group will be added to an ADP to create ATP.
T
In general, aerobic respiration is more efficient for cells because it produces much more ATP per glucose compared to fermentation.
T
In order to make one molecule of glucose, you need 6 carbon dioxide molecules.
T
Molecules of water accept the "tired" electrons at the end of the Electron Transport Chain.
T
Most of the ATP made during cellular respiration is made during the Electron Transport Chain.
T
On average, cells typically make 36 total ATP molecules per glucose in cellular respiration.
T
Producers take water out of the ecosystem, and put oxygen gas back into the ecosystem, while consumers take oxygen gas out of the atmosphere, and put water back into the ecosystem.
T
Prokaryotes can respire, but the cellular respiration process would be different than in eukaryotes.
T
The Light Independent Reactions do not require sunlight directly.
T
The energy that is released from glucose is in the form of high energy electrons, which can then do work helping to make ATP.
T
The major event of the light independent reactions is to use the atoms in carbon dioxide and high energy electrons to construct sugar molecules.
T
The oxygen and carbon atoms in a molecule of glucose come from carbon dioxide.
T
The sunlight-absorbing molecule in photosynthetic cells is called chlorophyll.
T
There are two different types of fermentation processes, both of which are anaerobic.
T
With the exception of ATP, the reactants of photosynthesis are the products of cellular respiration, and vice versa.
T
Evaluate the following statement. Glucose molecules are high energy because they contain high energy electrons that were energized by sunlight. True False
a
Evaluate the following statement: The events of the Calvin cycle ultimately depend on the Light Dependent Reactions. True False
a
Evaluate the following statement: The overall point of the Calvin cycle is to gradually build up energy rich sugar molecules. True False
a
Some types of bacteria are able to perform photosynthesis. These bacteria must therefore contain which of the following in their membranes? A. chlorophyll B. glucose C. mitochondria D. ribosomes
a
The first process in the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis is Light absorption Oxygen production Formation of energy Formation of glucose
a
The light independent reactions of photosynthesis are also known as the Calvin cycle Sugar cycle Carbon cycle ATP cycle
a
The principle solar-absorbing pigment in most plants is Chlorophyll Oxygen ATP NADPH
a
Which of the following substances is used by plants as a reactant in photosynthesis? A. carbon dioxide B. glucose C. oxygen D. pyruvic acid
a
Evaluate the following statement: The carbon dioxide is used as a reactant during the Light Dependent Reactions of photosynthesis. True False
b
Evaluate the following statement: The oxygen gas that is made in photosynthesis is made during the Calvin cycle. True False
b
Plant pigments (like chlorophyll) play which of the following roles in the process of photosynthesis? Like a power station: Provide energy for photosynthesis to start Like solar panels: Collecting sunlight to start the reaction Like recycling centers: Breaking down the intermediates that are no longer necessary Like shipping containers: Storing molecules for use later in the overall reaction
b
The amount of energy stored in a molecule of ATP compared to the amount stored in a molecule of glucose is Greater Less The same Variable, depending on conditions
b
The principal chemical compound that living things use to store energy is DNA ATP H2O CO2
b
Which of the following are autotrophs? Deer Plants Leopards Mushrooms
b
Which of the following correctly summarizes the process of photosynthesis? 6CO2 + 6H2O 🡪 >light> 6C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O 🡪 >light> C6H12O6 + 6O2 6C6H12O6 + 6O2 🡪 >light> 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 🡪 >light> 6CO2 + 6H2O
b
Which of the following is NOT produced in the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis? NADPH Sugars Oxygen gas ATP
b
In a typical plant, all of the following factors are necessary for photosynthesis EXCEPT Chlorophyll Light Oxygen Water
c
The color in light that is LEAST useful to a plant during photosynthesis is Red Blue Green Violet
c
The leaves of a plant appear green because chlorophyll Reflects blue light Absorbs blue light Reflects green light Absorbs green light
c
Which of the following do you think would be the most likely outcome after this test is conducted? concludes that green light is more effective than red light for plant growth. concludes that green light is more effective than yellow light for plant growth. concludes that red light is more effective than green light for plant growth. concludes that red light and green light are equally effective for plant growth.
c
Autotrophs differ from heterotrophs because they Utilize oxygen to burn food Do not require oxygen to live Make carbon dioxide as a product of using food Make their own food from carbon dioxide and water
d
In addition to light and chlorophyll, photosynthesis requires Water and oxygen Water and sugars Oxygen and carbon dioxide Water and carbon dioxide
d
The first step in photosynthesis is Synthesis of water Production of oxygen Breakdown of carbon dioxide Absorption of light energy
d
Which substance from the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is a source of energy for the Calvin cycle? ADP NADPH ATP Both a and b Both b and c
e