Biology Unit 6.1

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How many chromatids does each chromosome have in a normal human zygote?

1

Each human sperm and egg cell should have chromosomes each containing ______ chromatid(s).

1

chromatin condenses into chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope, or membrane, breaks down

prophase

For each pair of homologous chromosomes in a zygote, one chromosomes cam from the egg and the other chromosome came from the _______.

sperm

the chromosomes begin to uncoil and form chromatin

telophase

How many chromatids does each chromosome of a zygote have?

1

Each human sperm and egg cell should have _______ chromosomes

23

Each sperm and each egg produced by meiosis has only one chromosome from each pair of homologous chromosomes. When a sperm and egg unite during fertilization, the resulting zygote has _______ pairs of homologous chromosomes

23

A healthy human zygote will develop into an embryo with _______ chromosomes in each cell.

46

Each cell in a normal human embryo has 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes, for total of 46 chromosomes per cell. How many chromosomes are in a normal human zygote?

46

fertilization of a human egg cell results in a zygote with _________ chromosomes

46

exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes

Crossing over

a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote

Gamete

the cell grows rapidly, while performing routine metabolic processes

Growth Phase 1

the cell makes final preparations to divide

Growth Phase 2

any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells

Somatic cell

the cell's DNA is copied in the process of DNA replication

Synthesis

a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes

Zygote

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation

allele

sister chromatids separate and the centromeres divide.

anaphase

the cytoplasm splits in two and the cell divides

cytokinesis

haploid or diploid: the baby's cells

diploid

haploid or diploid: the embryo's cells created through mitosis

diploid

haploid or diploid: the zygote

diploid

having two sets of chromosomes

diploid

the process of a sperm and an egg becoming a zygote

fertilization

a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristics of the offspring

gene

haploid or diploid: the father's sperm cell

haploid

haploid or diploid: the mother's egg cell

haploid

having one set of chromosomes

haploid

pair of chromosomes that have the same size and shape and contain the same genes

homologous chromosome

type of cell division in which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half and four haploid cells result

meiosis

spindle fibers attach to the centromere of each pair of sister chromatids (see Figure below)

metaphase


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