Biology Unit 6.1
How many chromatids does each chromosome have in a normal human zygote?
1
Each human sperm and egg cell should have chromosomes each containing ______ chromatid(s).
1
chromatin condenses into chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope, or membrane, breaks down
prophase
For each pair of homologous chromosomes in a zygote, one chromosomes cam from the egg and the other chromosome came from the _______.
sperm
the chromosomes begin to uncoil and form chromatin
telophase
How many chromatids does each chromosome of a zygote have?
1
Each human sperm and egg cell should have _______ chromosomes
23
Each sperm and each egg produced by meiosis has only one chromosome from each pair of homologous chromosomes. When a sperm and egg unite during fertilization, the resulting zygote has _______ pairs of homologous chromosomes
23
A healthy human zygote will develop into an embryo with _______ chromosomes in each cell.
46
Each cell in a normal human embryo has 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes, for total of 46 chromosomes per cell. How many chromosomes are in a normal human zygote?
46
fertilization of a human egg cell results in a zygote with _________ chromosomes
46
exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes
Crossing over
a mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote
Gamete
the cell grows rapidly, while performing routine metabolic processes
Growth Phase 1
the cell makes final preparations to divide
Growth Phase 2
any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells
Somatic cell
the cell's DNA is copied in the process of DNA replication
Synthesis
a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes
Zygote
one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation
allele
sister chromatids separate and the centromeres divide.
anaphase
the cytoplasm splits in two and the cell divides
cytokinesis
haploid or diploid: the baby's cells
diploid
haploid or diploid: the embryo's cells created through mitosis
diploid
haploid or diploid: the zygote
diploid
having two sets of chromosomes
diploid
the process of a sperm and an egg becoming a zygote
fertilization
a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristics of the offspring
gene
haploid or diploid: the father's sperm cell
haploid
haploid or diploid: the mother's egg cell
haploid
having one set of chromosomes
haploid
pair of chromosomes that have the same size and shape and contain the same genes
homologous chromosome
type of cell division in which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half and four haploid cells result
meiosis
spindle fibers attach to the centromere of each pair of sister chromatids (see Figure below)
metaphase
