Biology - Unit 8: Human Anatomy and Physiology
pneumococcus
A bacterium that causes infections, most commonly in the lungs
thromboplastin
A chemical found in platelets and cell tissue needed to clot blood
fibrin
A chemical involved in blood clotting, produced from fibrinogen
fibrinogen
A chemical involved in blood clotting, which is converted to fibrin
prothrombin
A chemical involved in the clotting process of blood which is converted to thrombin
thrombin
A chemical involved in the process of blood clotting produced from prothrombin
hormone
A chemical messenger produced in one part of the body which has its effect on another part such as insulin and corticoids.
jaundice
A condition resulting from bile in the blood, in which a patient's skin has a yellow color
loop of Henle
A descending and ascending limb of the kidney tubules
filariasis
A disease caused by roundworms blocking lymphatic channels
electrocardiogram
A graph detecting the electrical changes in the heart as it beats
hemophilia
A hereditary disease in which the victim's blood does not clot well
sickle cell anemia
A hereditary disease which causes red blood cells to deform into a curved shape
insulin
A hormone secreted by the pancreas which lowers the level of the blood sugar.
albumin
A protein found in the blood serum similar to that in the white of an egg
antibody
A protein produced by the body to combat foreign substances
enzyme
A protein that induces chemical changes in other substances
erythrocyte
A red blood cell
hemoglobin
A red pigment which allows the erythrocytes to pick up and drop off oxygen molecules
urinary bladder
A sac which temporarily stores urine until it is excreted
urinary bladder
A sac which temporarily stores urine until it is excreted.
surfactant
A substance that lines alveoli and prevents them from collapsing
antigen
A substance that stimulates the production of an antibody
capillary
A tiny vessel through which diffusion takes place between the blood and the body tissues
bronchiole
A very tiny tube that dead ends in an alveolus within the lungs
leukocyte
A white blood cell
appendix
A worm-like organ attached to the junction of the small and large intestine.
epiglottis
An elastic cartilage located at the root of the tongue that folds over the windpipe to prevent food from entering during swallowing
methane
An inflammable gas produced by bacteria in the large bowel
spleen
An organ concerned with the filtering of blood, the destruction of old cells, and the production of lymphocytes
pancreas
An organ just beneath the stomach that produces digestive enzymes and insulin
renal artery
Arteries taking blood into the kidneys
intestinal flora
Bacteria within the large intestine which help break down digested food material
lymph node
Beadlike structures within the lymphatic system that filter the lymph
hypertension
Blood pressure that is too high
artery
Blood vessel leaving the heart
leukemia
Cancer of the leukocytes, a disease more common in children
atrioventricular node
Conducts the signal from the sinoatrial node to the rest of the heart
myocardial infarction
Death of heart muscle due to absent blood supply
albumen
Egg white
buboes
Greatly enlarged lymph nodes as a result of infection
artery
Heavy walled vessels which carry blood away from the heart
lymph
Interstitial liquid, the liquid between cells, not in the blood or the cells
borborygmi
Intestinal gurgling sounds
elephantiasis
Massive elephant-like swelling of the lower parts of the body due to filariasis, a tropical infectious disease
atrium
One of the two thin-walled chambers that receive blood into the heart from the veins
endocrine
Pertaining to hormones
coronary
Refers to the arteries that supply blood to the heart
integument
Refers to the skin and its accessory structures
cilia
Short filaments which wave in a coordinated fashion to move mucus
dehydration
Significant loss of body water
arteriole
Small artery
bronchial tube
Smaller branches of the bronchi within the lungs
feces
Solid waste from the large bowel
salivary glands
Structures in the head and neck that secrete saliva
edema
Swelling of part of the body due to accumulated interstitial fluid
absorption
Taking in nutrients through the small intestine
larynx
The "voice box" in the neck, which contains the vocal cords
pharynx
The back part of the mouth and nasal cavity
edema
The back-up of liquid in the body, causing swelling
bubonic plague
The black death, a recurrent epidemic disease during the Middle Ages
abdominal cavity
The cavity that lies between the thorax and the pelvis
platelet
The cellular element within the blood that is important in clotting
ileum
The distal half of the small bowel
respiration
The exchange and chemical conversion of gases between your body and the environment
duodenum
The first piece of the small bowel, into which empties the bile and pancreatic juices
nephron
The functioning unit of the kidney that produces urine
myocardium
The heart muscle
medulla
The innermost layer of a body organ like the kidney or adrenal gland
plasma
The liquid portion of the blood
serum
The liquid portion of the blood with the clotting factors removed
interstitial fluid
The liquid that surrounds the cells in the body, lymph
anus
The lower opening of the intestinal tract
jejunum
The middle part of the small bowel
bicuspid valve
The mitral valve
cortex
The outer part of an organ, like the adrenal gland, cerebrum, or kidney
Bowman's capsule
The part of the nephron in the kidney that receives the wastes from the blood in the glomerulus.
excretion
The passage of waste material out of the body
phagocytosis
The process of a cell engulfing its food, literally "cell eating"
dialysis
The process of artificially filtering wastes from blood
filtration
The process the kidneys perform to remove waste from the blood.
diastole
The relaxation and dilation of the heart chambers that allows them to fill with blood
physiology
The study of the function of living organisms
metabolism
The sum of all body chemistry
ureter
The tube connecting the kidney to the urinary bladder
urethra
The tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside
bronchi
The two tubes into which the trachea divide to go into each lung
pylorus
The valve at the lower end of the stomach
mitral valve
The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle
aortic valve
The valve between the left ventricle and the aorta
endocardium
Thick, fibrous inner layer of the heart
epicardium
Thin filmy tissue surrounding the heart
capillary
Tiny blood vessels between arterioles and venules
glomerulus
Tiny groups of blood capillaries and urinary tubes that filter blood
alveoli
Tiny sacs within the lungs which increase the surface available for gas exchange
macrophages
White blood cells that eat pathogens and cellular debris
lymph
lymphatic, Interstitial fluid that is transported in lymphatic vessels
