biology units 1-4 midterm

A homozygous red-eyed female Drosophila mates with a red-eyed male Drosophila. What proportion of the female offspring will have white eyes? 75% 50% 25% 100% 0%

0%

Convert 0.75 mg to g. 0.075 0.00075 7.5 75

0.00075

Convert 500 mg to g. 5000 0.05 50 0.5

0.5

Convert 1750 ml to liters. .1750 17.50 1.750 1750

1.750

Convert 5000 g to kg. 500 5 0.5 50

5

A red-eyed male Drosophila mates with a red-eyed female Drosophila. One of the female's parents had white eyes. What proportion of the male offspring will have white eyes? 100% 0% 50% 25% 75%

50%

Convert 0.75 g to mg. 7.5 75 750 7500

750

Which of the three domains contain(s) prokaryotic organisms? -Bacteria and Archaea -Bacteria -Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya -Archaea -Eukarya

Bacteria and Archaea

The central dogma of molecular biology states that the information contained within genes flows in which direction? DNA to DNA to protein DNA to tRNA to mRNA to protein DNA to mRNA to protein mRNA to DNA to protein DNA to rRNA to protein

DNA to mRNA to protein

You discover a green, filamentous multicellular eukaryote growing at the edge of a pond. How could you determine if the organism is a green alga or a plant? -Determine if the organism protects its zygotes. -Test for the presence of chlorophylls <i>a</i> and <i>b</i>. - See if the organism stores its excess carbohydrates in the form of starch. - Examine the cell walls to see if they are composed of cellulose. -Determine if the organism protects and nourishes its embryos.

Determine if the organism protects and nourishes its embryos

Prokaryotes belong to ________ Kingdom Plantae. Kingdom Protista. Domain Eukarya. Kingdom Animalia. Domain Archaea.

Domain archaea

Which of the following is not true with regard to the law of segregation? -Each gamete contains two genes for each trait. -Gametes contain only one gene from each pair. -During fertilization, each new individual obtains two genes for each trait. -Each individual has two factors for each trait. -Genes segregate during gamete formation

Each gamete contains two genes for each trait

How is the mycelium a valuable adaptation for a fungus? -It provides a strong anchor for the fungus. -It provides a large surface area for the absorption of nutrients and moisture. -It provides physical support for the fragile sporophyte generation. -It discourages animals from feeding on the fungus. -It provides a vast surface area for the generation of spores.

It provides a large surface area for the absorption of nutrients and moisture

Which statement regarding the scientific method is false? -Inductive reasoning is used to form a hypothesis. - Original hypotheses are formed after an experiment. - Observations are used to form a hypothesis. - The control and experimental group are identical except for one variable. - Experiments need to be repeatable.

Original hypotheses are formed after an experiment

Which of the following is not a step in the process of natural selection? -Over multiple generations of reproducing, a larger proportion of the population will have those favorable traits and thus adaptation has occurred. -People select which individuals breed and which ones do not. -The population produces more offspring than the environment can support. -Members of a population possess heritable variations. -Individuals who have favorable traits survive and reproduce more than those individuals lacking such traits.

People select which individuals breed and which ones do not

Why are green algae placed in the kingdom Protista, while plants are given their own kingdom? -Plants enclose and protect the embryo within the female plant, while green algae do not. -Green algae have a cell wall of chitin, while plants have cell walls of cellulose. -Algae are sporophytes that reproduce only asexually, while plants are gametophytes and reproduce sexually. -All plants are vascular, while all green algae are nonvascular. -The green algae use chlorophyll <i>a</i>, while plants use chlorophyll <i>b</i>.

Plants enclose and protect the embryo within the female plant, while green algae do not

Robert, an aspiring scientist in a biology class, wanted to conduct a study on the effects of cigarette smoke on the web-building ability of spiders. Which of the following statements is an incorrect use of terms pertaining to the scientific method? - Robert examined the webs from both the control group and the test group and they were recorded in a table. - Robert concluded that there was no significant difference in the ability to weave a web under conditions of cigarette smoke compared to spiders that were not exposed. - As a control, Robert had a group of spiders that were never exposed to cigarette smoke. - Robert wanted to see if his theory was true that cigarette smoke will influence web-building in spiders. - Robert made the observation that spiders weave webs.

Robert wanted to see if his theory was true that cigarette smoke will influence web-building in spiders

T or F: Cladograms show the sequence of evolution of the characters in a clade.

True

T or F: Given the comparative study of embryology, it is concluded that genes controlling embryonic development are essentially the same.

True

A clade includes which of the following? -a common ancestor and all its descendant species -an ingroup only - an outgroup and an ingroup -one taxon with shared derived characters - an ancestor and all its descendant species, and taxa with shared derived characters

a common ancestor and all its descendant species

Which event was not involved in the Permian mass extinction? - a decrease in the amount of shallow marine habitat - a large meteor impact - shifting wind patterns - shifting ocean currents - dramatic environmental change

a large meteor impact

Which of the following can hold about 2 kiloliters of water? a coffee mug a pool medicine dropper a lemonade pitcher

a pool

Which of the following does not generate genetic variation within a population? independent assortment of alleles genetic recombination adaptation sexual reproduction mutation

adaptation

Alleles are two versions of the same trait. exact copies of the same trait. alternate versions of the same trait. recessive traits. dominant traits.

alternate versions of the same trait

Apples, oranges, peanuts, and rice grains are produced by angiosperms. charophytes. gymnosperms. lycophytes. bryophytes.

angiosperms

Which of these worms are segmented? planarians flukes roundworms annelids All worms are segmented.

annelids

Homologous structures - have identical functions. - are often shared by organisms in the same line of descent. - are shared by organisms of the same genus. - have fully divergent functions. - are also called analogous structures.

are often shared by organisms in the same line of descent

The fact that DNA is the molecule containing the genetic code for all life on Earth is a part of -comparative anatomical evidence. - evidence of artificial selection. -comparative embryological evidence. -biogeographical evidence. - biochemical evidence.

biochemical evidence

The smallest unit of life is a(n) cell. organism. organ. tissue. species.

cell

Which of the following lists the terms from simplest to most complex? -tissues, organs, organ systems, organism, cells -organ systems, tissues, cells, organism, organs -cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism -organs, organ system, organism, cells, tissues - cells, organs, tissues, organ systems, organism

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism

When comparing chick and pig embryos, the similar eyes, pharyngeal pouches, and postanal tails are evidence of - biogeography. - convergent evolution. - common ancestry. - analogy. - artificial selection.

common ancestry

When comparing chick and pig embryos, the similar eyes, pharyngeal pouches, and postanal tails are evidence of convergent evolution. analogy. common ancestry. biogeography. artificial selection.

common ancestry

Most dinosaurs became extinct at the end of which of the following periods of the Mesozoic? Jurassic Permian Triassic Devonian Cretaceous

cretaceous

Which of the following lists the levels of taxonomic classification in order from the most inclusive to the least inclusive? A. domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order B. genus - family - order - class - phylum C. genus - order - family - class - phylum D. family - order - class - phylum - kingdom E. phylum - order - class - family - species

domain - kingdom - phylum - class - order

Hydrangeas are a flowering plant with large showy blooms. When a plant is grown in aluminum-rich soil, it has blue flowers; if the same plant is transplanted into soil that is lacking aluminum, the flowers produced will be pink. This is an example of monohybrid inheritance. polygenetic inheritance. environmental effects. codominance. incomplete dominance.

environmental effects

T or F: Analogous structures are always evidence of common ancestry.

false

T or F: Environmental catastrophes are a requirement of natural selection.

false

T or F: The artificial selection of different breeds of dogs is an example of speciation.

false

What characteristics of Archaeopteryx tell us that it is a link to reptiles and birds? feathers and teeth tail with vertebrae teeth feathers teeth and a tail with vertebrae

feathers and teeth

Many species of finches, tortoises, cacti, and iguanas are found on the Galápagos Islands and nowhere else in the world. Which physical attribute of these islands has not played a role in permitting such unique life forms to evolve? -There is geographic isolation from mainland species. -Multiple islands exist. -The islands are small compared to the South American mainland. -Each island has its own unique environment. -Food is plentiful and diverse on every island.

food is plentiful and diverse on every island

A blue-eyed, left-handed woman marries a brown-eyed, right-handed man who is heterozygous for both of his traits. If blue eyes and left-handedness are recessive, how many different phenotypes are possible in their children? three five two four one

four

Which of the following is an example of a phenotype? AA freckles Gg Ag AAGg

freckles

Which of the following is matched incorrectly? skin - organ gene - organelle neuron - cell osteocyte - cell brain - organ

gene - organelle

A fraction of the original green frog population survives to reproduce and generate a new population. If the survivors of the original population survived by chance, then this event is an example of industrial melanism. founder effect. natural selection. genetic drift. gene flow.

genetic drift

Pinus strobus is the scientific name for the white pine. Pinus is the -order name. -family name. -genus. -specific epithet. -binomial name.

genus

Conifers such as pine trees are classified as lycophytes. angiosperms. bryophytes. gymnosperms. charophytes

gymnosperms

A(n) _____ is an individual animal that possesses both male and female sex organs. cephalopod larva deuterostome acoelomate hermaphrodite

hermaphrodite

Which is the largest, most diverse group of arthropods? crustaceans millipedes arachnids centipedes insects

insects

Which of these has radial symmetry? human jellyfish nudibranch roundworm planarian

jellyfish

Pollen grains are female gametophytes. encapsulated ovules. male gametophytes. megaspores. embryonic sporophytes

male gametophytes

Evolutionary relationships between organisms are determined by - molecular evidence, anatomical homologies, and fossil records. - molecular evidence, anatomical homologies, anatomical analogies, and fossil records. - molecular evidence and fossil records. - molecular evidence, anatomical analogies, and fossil records. - molecular evidence and anatomical homologies

molecular evidence and fossil records

Which of these would you expect to thrive in areas with abundant moisture? mosses, ferns, and lycophytes lycophytes only ferns only mosses only mosses and ferns but not lycophytes

mosses, ferns, and lycophytes

In the process of natural selection, individuals that are most fit are the ones that are most likely to survive. most likely to reproduce. most likely to migrate. most likely to be physically fit. most likely to mutate.

most likely to reproduce

Which answer choice lists the steps of the scientific method in the correct order? -observation, experiment, hypothesis, conclusion, scientific theory -conclusion, hypothesis, observation, experiment, scientific theory -hypothesis, observation, experiment, conclusion, scientific theory -scientific theory, conclusion, hypothesis, experiment, observation -observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion, scientific theory

observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion, scientific theory

The circulatory system of a whale is considered an organ system because it is composed of different hearts. tissues. molecules. organs. cells.

organs

Which group of organisms are viroids (not viruses) most likely to parasitize? bacteria cattle fish plants fungi

plants

Skin color is coded for by several different genes which results in a range of skin colors from very dark to very light. This is an example of incomplete dominance. polygenic inheritance. codominance. a multifactorial trait. pleiotropy.

polygenic inheritance

Two species are said to be closely related if they - possess a common ancestor. - have a shared gene pool. - can interbreed but not produce fertile offspring. - can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. - are reproductively isolated from each other.

possess a common ancestor

Which feature is believed to have been the first step in the evolution of land plants from the green algae? evolution of flowers in order to attract pollinators evolution of seeds evolution of microphylls protection of the embryo evolution of vascular tissue

protection of the embryo

Which of the following correctly lists the classification categories from least to most inclusive? -species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain -kingdom, phylum, domain, class, order family, genus, species -phylum, species, genus, kingdom, domain, order, class, family -domain, kingdom, class, order, family, phylum, genus, species -species, genus, family, class, order, domain, phylum, kingdom

species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain

The punctuated equilibrium model of evolution suggests that new species appear - suddenly after long periods of time with little to no change. - gradually; as groups become isolated, they slowly evolve through their own individual pathways. - gradually after long periods of time with little to no change; as groups become isolated, they slowly evolve through their own individual pathways. - only after older species disappear from the fossil record. - gradually over very short periods of time so that intermediate species are often observed in the fossil record.

suddenly after long periods of time with little to no change

Linked genes -never cross over during prophase I. -undergo crossing-over of sister chromatids at a high rate. -always assort independently. -tend to be close together on a single chromosome. -are found on homologous chromosomes.

tend to be close together on a single chromosome

The presence of vestigial organs supports evidence of evolution because - the vestigial organs represent variation in a species. -the vestigial organ is unique to one species. -the vestigial organ is similar to a functional organ in a related species, having been passed down from a common ancestor. -the vestigial organ could not have been passed down from an ancestor. -both the vestigial organ and the functional organ perform the same function.

the vestigial organ is similar to a functional organ in a related species, having been passed down from a common ancestor

In random mating -breeding occurs between two different species. -fertile offspring are not produced. - breeding occurs between two different subspecies. -there is no factor influencing mate choice. -individuals choose the most attractive mate.

there is no factor influencing mate choice

T or F: Two organisms present in the same genus are usually more closely related to each other than to organisms in other genera.

true

Tortoises in the Galápagos possessed neck lengths unique to each island. Neck lengths appear to be an adaptation to which selective agent? -type of vegetation available to eat -reproductive barriers used to produce offspring -ease in finding pools of drinking water -male competition for females -defense against predators

type of vegetation available to eat

________ is the vascular tissue that conducts water and minerals from a plant's roots to its leaves. Phloem Corolla Hypha Xylem Endosperm

xylem