BIOLOGY - WATER MOLECULES AND CHEMICAL BONDS

molecules that are more polar tend to have which of the following characteristics

higher heat of vaporization. higher specific heat

they are electrically neutral. the distribution of electrical charge is uniform. (molecule)

nonpolar molecule

water is cohesive because water molecules are

attracted to each other

the chemical behavior of an atom is determined by the number and configuration of its

electrons

in living organisms, almost all chemical reactions are catalyzed by protein catalysts called

enzymes

molecule

two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds in a stable association. the atoms may or may not belong to the same element.

the attraction of water to other polar substances and ions is called

adhesive

hydrophobic substances tend to

aggregate together when mixed with water in order to minimize contact with water. repel water. assume shapes that minimize contact with water

four most abundant elements in living organisms

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

water consists of one oxygen atom joined to two hydrogen atoms by what type of bonds

covalent

what bond is formed when 2 atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons

covalent

H2O is what kind of molecule

polar

they have the same number of protons and electrons. they are electrically neutral. (molecule)

polar molecule

chemical reactions that involve a transfer of electrons from one atom to another

redox, reduction-oxidation, oxidation reduction

elements, such as zinc and iodine, which are found in very small amounts in living things, but play crucial roles in biological processes, are known as what

trace elements

molecule likely to have the highest specific heat and the highest heat of vaporization

H2O

defining feature of organic compounds

a backbone of carbon atoms

the attraction between the partially negative oxygen atom of one water molecule and the partially positive hydrogen atom of another water molecule is called a(n) ______ bond

hydrogen

in living systems, ionic compounds generally exist as

individual ions

regarding ionic compounds, what is more often found in living systems

individual ions dissolved in water

deficiency of what trace element can lead to an enlargement of the thyroid gland and the formation of a goiter

iodine

what does it mean when we say water is adhesive

it is attracted to other polar molecules and ions

solute and solvent

the solute is the substance which is dissolved by the solvent

why are hydrogen bonds important

they help maintain the structure of dna and proteins. they play a key role in determining the properties of water.

hydrogen bonds are important for which reasons

they play a key role in determining the properties of water. they help maintain the structure of DNA and proteins.