BIOLOGY - WATER MOLECULES AND CHEMICAL BONDS
molecules that are more polar tend to have which of the following characteristics
higher heat of vaporization. higher specific heat
they are electrically neutral. the distribution of electrical charge is uniform. (molecule)
nonpolar molecule
water is cohesive because water molecules are
attracted to each other
the chemical behavior of an atom is determined by the number and configuration of its
electrons
in living organisms, almost all chemical reactions are catalyzed by protein catalysts called
enzymes
molecule
two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds in a stable association. the atoms may or may not belong to the same element.
the attraction of water to other polar substances and ions is called
adhesive
hydrophobic substances tend to
aggregate together when mixed with water in order to minimize contact with water. repel water. assume shapes that minimize contact with water
four most abundant elements in living organisms
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
water consists of one oxygen atom joined to two hydrogen atoms by what type of bonds
covalent
what bond is formed when 2 atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons
covalent
H2O is what kind of molecule
polar
they have the same number of protons and electrons. they are electrically neutral. (molecule)
polar molecule
chemical reactions that involve a transfer of electrons from one atom to another
redox, reduction-oxidation, oxidation reduction
elements, such as zinc and iodine, which are found in very small amounts in living things, but play crucial roles in biological processes, are known as what
trace elements
molecule likely to have the highest specific heat and the highest heat of vaporization
H2O
defining feature of organic compounds
a backbone of carbon atoms
the attraction between the partially negative oxygen atom of one water molecule and the partially positive hydrogen atom of another water molecule is called a(n) ______ bond
hydrogen
in living systems, ionic compounds generally exist as
individual ions
regarding ionic compounds, what is more often found in living systems
individual ions dissolved in water
deficiency of what trace element can lead to an enlargement of the thyroid gland and the formation of a goiter
iodine
what does it mean when we say water is adhesive
it is attracted to other polar molecules and ions
solute and solvent
the solute is the substance which is dissolved by the solvent
why are hydrogen bonds important
they help maintain the structure of dna and proteins. they play a key role in determining the properties of water.
hydrogen bonds are important for which reasons
they play a key role in determining the properties of water. they help maintain the structure of DNA and proteins.
