Biomed PLTW 2.1.1-2.1.6

Erythrocytes (RBC)

Hemoglobin-rich, red blood cells that transport oxygen through a body. Erythrocytes give the red color to vertebrate blood and do not have nuclei.

red blood cells

The cells that transport oxygen around the body.

protein

A biomolecule made of building blocks called amino acids.

clear

A clear woosh of air with each inhalation and exhalation.

ATP

A compound composed of adenosine and three phosphate groups that supplies energy for many biochemical cellular processes.

medical history

A record of information about a patient's past and current health. Includes information about the patient's habits, lifestyle, and even the health of their family.

hormones

A signaling molecule produced by glands. A hormone induces a specific effect on the activity of cells

hormone

A signaling molecule produced by glands. A hormone induces a specific effect on the activity of cells.

rhonchi

A snore-like sound heard when airways are partially obstructed.

Metabolism

The chemical reaction processes of breaking down molecules for energy and of using simple building blocks to build up more complex molecules needed for growth and repair.

metabolism

The chemical reaction processes of breaking down molecules for energy and of using simple building blocks to build up more complex molecules needed for growth and repair.

diameter

The diameter of the mole is larger than a pencil eraser

border

The edges of the mole are irregular or jagged

white blood cells

The five types of cells that the body uses to fight infection and injury and maintain our health

Homeostasis

The maintenance of stable internal physiological conditions (like body temperature or the pH of blood), which enables the optimal functioning of an organism

evolving

The mole appears to be changing (shape, color, size) over time

color

The mole is not one uniform color, but shows different colors or shades throughout

respiratory rate

The number of breaths an organism takes per minute

hemoglobin

The oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells

plasma

The pale yellow, liquid portion of blood that consists of water and dissolved substances, including sugars, lipids, metabolic waste products, amino acids, hormones, and vitamins.

chief complaint

The patient's description of what they feel is their main health problem

blood pressure

The pressure that blood exerts upon the walls of blood vessels, especially arteries, usually measured with a sphygmomanometer and expressed in millimeters of mercury

hematocrit

The proportion of red blood cells to plasma, the fluid component, in blood.

pulse

The rhythmic expansion and recoil of arteries resulting from heart contraction

triage

The sorting and prioritization of patients based on the urgency of their need for care

body temperature

degree of heat in the body, measured in degrees F using s thermometer

drones

deliver aid to disaster zones

smartphone reminders

direct patients to take their medicine or to get a vaccine

non-physician practitioners

health care provider who practices either in collaboration with or under the supervision of a physician

hyperglycemia

high blood glucose level

phlebotomy

incision of a vein

smartphone alerts

inform patients about disease outbreaks in their area

nurse

licensed health-care professional who is skilled in promoting and maintaining health

other specialists

many other specialists provide care at the clinic, including genetic counselors who advise families on their risk for inheriting or passing certain diseases, and specialist physicians such as psychiatrists and cardiologists

Body Mass Index (BMI)

measure of body fat that is the ratio of the weight of the body to its height

height

measure of how tall s person is from top of head to bottom of feet; measured in feet/inches using a type of ruler

Electrolyte

minerals found in your blood, urine, and other tissues; help keep a water balance in the body, move nutrients into cells and wastes out

asymmetry

one half of the mole does not match the shape of the other half

connecting virtually

share and demonstrate life saving techniques

glucose

simple sugar that the body uses for energy

Lung/Breath sounds

sound and clarity of the breaths, measured as a description of sound using a stethoscope

weight

the amount a person weighs, measured in pounds or kilograms using a scale

insulin resistance

the inability of the cells to respond to insulin

medical assistant

unlicensed caregiver who works primarily in doctor's offices and clinics; assist their medical director through a wide variety of duties

medical technician

uses sophisticated equipment and has different responsibilities, some work directly with patients while others work in a lab

Blood urea nitrogen and creatine

waste products filtered out of the blood by kidneys

patient liason

works with patients and their families to address needs and concerns; acts as an intermediary between patients, their families and the hospital admin

chemical reaction

A process where atoms and/or molecules are rearranged to transform matter.

insulin

A protein hormone secreted by the pancreas; essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates and the regulation of glucose levels in the blood.

type 2 diabetes

A form of diabetes that develops especially in adults, most often obese individuals. Type 2 is characterized by high blood glucose resulting from impaired insulin use coupled with the body's inability to compensate with increased insulin production.

type 1 diabetes

A form of diabetes that usually develops during childhood or adolescence. Type 1 is characterized by a severe deficiency of insulin, leading to high blood glucose levels.

wheezing

A high-pitched whistling sound caused by narrowed airways; can sometimes be heard without a stethoscope

glucagon

A hormone secreted by pancreatic endocrine cells that raises blood glucose levels; an antagonistic hormone to insulin.

biomolecules

A large molecule, or macromolecule, produced by living organisms. Examples include: nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.

Cholesterol

A lipid that is an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids

risk factors

A lipid that is an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids

Thrombocytes

A minute, colorless, anucleate disk-like body of mammalian blood that assists in blood clotting by adhering to other platelets and damaged epithelium.

symptoms

Any subjective evidence of disease a patient perceives, such as aches, nausea, or fatigue. Symptoms allow the health care provider to narrow down the possible conditions that may be affecting the patient and then run tests to make a diagnosis

nucleic acids

Biomolecules that carry the instructions for producing proteins.

positive feedback

Causes a reinforcement of the original action. The input causes the reaction to increase.

negative feedback

Causes the system to stop doing the original action and to either take no action or to perform an opposite action.

Carbohydrates

Compounds, such as sugar, starch, and cellulose; found in foods and living tissues.

complete blood count (CBC)

Determination of numbers of blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and red cell values-MCH, MCV, MCHC

tact

Discretion and sensitivity in dealing with others. A doctor might exhibit tact when they choose their words carefully so as to not upset a patient when they must deliver bad news

stridor

Harsh, shrill sound, similar to wheezing, usually heard closest to the back of the neck, as it is caused by a partially obstructed windpipe

vital signs

Measurements—specifically pulse rate, temperature, respiration rate, and blood pressure—that indicate the state of a patient's essential body functions

physical signs

Pieces of evidence that indicate an illness that can be observed externally, such as a rash, coughing, or elevated temperature

lipids

One of a family of compounds including fats, phospholipids, and steroids that is insoluble in water.

Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)

One of the many cells in the blood that lack hemoglobin but have a nucleus and are active in the immune response. Lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are leucocytes

demeanor

Outward behavior or bearing. A doctor might have a cheerful, peaceful, or friendly demeanor and put the patient at ease. A doctor with an arrogant or dismissive demeanor might lose a patient's trust.

crackles

Short and intermittent clicking, rattling, or popping sounds heard during inhalation when air is forced through an airway narrowed by fluid

empathy

The ability to understand and share the feelings of another person

platelets

The cell fragments that assist with clotting

HDL

Type of lipoprotein responsible for removing excess cholesterol from the blood stream and transporting it to the liver.

LDL

Type of lipoprotein responsible for transporting cholesterol to the cells.

registered nurse

a licensed health care professional who works in a variety of health care settings

HIPPA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)

a set of US national standards that protect an individuals privacy rights related to their personal medical information

primary care physician

a specialist physician trained to work in the front line of a healthcare system and provide care for any health problems that a patient might have

pediatrician

a specialist physician who provides medical care to infants, children, and adolescents

medical student

a student enrolled at a medical school, who is training to become a physician

referrals

a written request for medical services, describe the services the patient is to receive

licensed practical nurse

administers medications and gives treatment can supervise nursing assistants

oxygen saturation

amount of oxygen in the blood, measured as a percentage with pulse oximeter

Nurse Practioner (NP)

are prepared to provide direct client care in primary care settings, focusing on health promotion, illness prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of common health problems