BIOS 1300 Lab exam 2

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What type of ion channels does the neurotransmitters open?

(Ligand) chemically-gated Na+ ion channels

Lateral/external rotation is turning the humerus ____ from the body

Away

Glenohumeral abduction is moving the humerus ____ from the body in the ____ plane

Away; Frontal

List the six joint types?

Ball & socket Condyle Saddle Plane Hinge Pivot

Define Closed reduction external fixation

Device outside the skin that screws into the bone fragments to maintain alignment

What is the primary muscle of inspiration?

Diaphragm

Define true ribs

Directly attached to the sternal body

What are the other subgroups of fractures?

Displaced Non-displaced

Moving the dorsum of the foot towards the shin is known as...

Dorsi flection

The motion of opening the mouth is called...

Elevation

What CT wraps around the muscle fibers?

Endomysium

Which CT wraps around the whole muscle?

Epimysium

Name the action of the fibularis longus

Eversion of ankle

Looknig up at the ceiling is an example of cervical...

Extension

Name the action of the Gluteus Maximus

Extension of the hip

Name the action of the quads

Extension of the knee

T/F: The scapula has an articulation with the axial skeleton

FALSE

Trabeculae are found in compact bone?

FALSE

The CMC joint of the thumb is between the carpal bone and the base of the ____ ____

First metacarpal

The pinky finger metacarpal is number ____

Five

Define the origin of a muscle

Fixed attachment of a bone

What is aponeurosis?

Flat tendons of external & internal oblique muscles in anterior rectus sheath

Nodding your head forward is an example of cervical...

Flexion

Swinging the arms forward is an example oh GH ____

Flexion

Name the action of the TFL

Flexion & abduction of the hip

These IP, PIP, and DIP joints are capable of moving into which two motions?

Flexion and extension

Name the action of the hamstring

Flexion of the knee

Name the action of the sartorius

Flexion, abduction, and external rotation of the hip

Define Floating ribs

Floating ribs are not attached at all

Jumping jacks causing movement in which plane?

Frontal

Shoulder abduction occurs in which plane?

Frontal

The GH joint is the articulation of the ____ ____ and the head of the ____

Glenoid fossa; Humerus

What proteins are attached to the tropomyosin

Globular protein

the _____ disappears when the muscle is fully contracted

H Band

Define the action of a muscle

Joint that is moved

The meniscus is found in the ____

Knee

Name the test integrity of ACL

Lachmans Test

Which bony structure is more prominent? The Medial epicondyle or the lateral epicondyle

Lateral Epicondyle

"Side-ways" bending of the trunk is called...

Lateral flexion

The radius is the ____ bone and the ulna is the ____ bone

Lateral, Medial

The tibia is the ____ bone and the fibula is the ____ bone

Lateral, medial

What is the purpose of synovial fluid?

Lubricate and nourish articular surfaces

Which ligament is stronger and thicker?

PCL

Define reduction

Restoration of bones into anatomical alignment (relocating dislocated bone)

Bringing the border of the scapulae closer together is an example of ...

Retraction

The sternal angle articulates with the costal cartilages of which rib?

Rib 2

What are the three parts of the thoracic cage?

Ribs, Sternum, and clavicle (Vertebrae are not apart of the thoracic cage)

Shaking your head no is an example of cervical...

Rotation

The voltage change along the T Tubules causes voltage-gated calcium ion channels to open on the ____ ____

SR

Doing sit-ups causes movement in which plane?

Sagittal

Flexion of the elbow occurs in which plane?

Sagittal

The meniscus acts as a ___ ___

Shock absorber

What are the different types of fractures?

Simple Comminuted Open Closed

Once a AP if fired at the motor end plate, the ____ muscle is propagated along and then down the _____

Skeletal, T Tubule

The radius and unla are parallel when in what motion?

Supination

When the palm faces anteriorly, the motion is what?

Supination

What are the two primary actions of the biceps chrachii muscle?

Supination and flexation of the forearm

Define ORIF (open reduction internal fixation)

Surgery is required to align the fracture

Which neck of the humerus is more likely to fracture? (Surgical or anatomical)

Surgical Neck

What does calcium bind to when it enters the presynaptic terminal?

Synaptic Vesicles

What is the most common type of joint?

Synovial Joint

The inside of the joint capsule is lined with ___ ____ which produces and absorbs ____ ___

Synovial membrane; Synovial fluid

Which bone do the inferior tibia and fibula articulate?

Talus bone

Where does the diaphragm insert?

The central tendon

What is the difference between the hip bone and the pelvic girdle?

The hip bone doesn't contain the coccyl and sacrum

What is the contractile unit of a muscle called?

The sacromere

The muscles of the radial (thumb) side of the hand are called the ____ group

Thenar

What do the muscles of facial expression have in common?

They all flex

Myofibrils are made up of two protein filaments called...

Thick & thin

The actin slides along the ____ filament, which shortens the sacromere causing muscle ____

Thin; Contraction

How many muscles comprise the hamstring group?

Three

Medial/internal rotation is turning the humerus ____ the body

Towards

Forearm supination occurs in which plane?

Transverse

What are the groups/geometry of different types of fractures?

Transverse Oblique Linear

The first elbow articulation is between the ____ of the unla and the ____ of the humerus

Trochlear notch; Trochlea

What protein does Ca++ bind to ?

Troponin

What effect does this cause?

Troponin changes conformation and moves tropomyosin

T/F: The ulna articulates with the carpal bones?

True

The elbow is made up of how many articulation?

Two

Which ligament is often torn in baseball pitchers?

UCL - ulnar collateral ligament

Which bone articulates with the trochlea?

Ulna

Name the test integrity of MCL

Valgus Stress Test

Name the test integrity of LCL

Varus Stress Test

Moving the plantar of the foot outward is called?

Version

What passes through transverse foramen?

Vertebral artery

Intervertebral joints are formed by articulation between ____ ____ and between the superior and inferior articular processes

Vertebral bodies

What part of the vertebrae does the spinal cord pass through?

Vertebral foramen

What type of ion channels open when an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal?

Voltage-gated Ca++ ion channels

Define genu varus legs

Where the LCL is loosened and legs bow outward

Define genu valgus legs

Where the MCL is loosened and legs are bowed inward

The most inferior aspect of the sternum is the ____ ____

Xphoid process

Can you palpate the spine of the scapula?

YES

T/F: Is the axon to a skeletal muscle wrapped in myelin?

YES/TRUE

What enzyme breaks down Ach?

acetocholesterare (ACh erase)

In muscle contraction, the ____ slides towards the center of the ____ filament

actin, myosin

Movement of Na+ into the muscle fiber causes (repolarization/depolarization)

depolarization

Shrugging your shoulders causes what movement?

elevation

Moving the plantar of the foot inward in called?

inversion

Ca++ (leaves/enters) the SR

leaves

Opposition allows for the movement of what?

of the thumb to the pinky

Nodding your head 'yes' causes movement in which plane?

sagittal

When a muscle contracts the ____ shortens

sarcomere

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

7

False ribs are ribs __ to __

8 - 10

The sacrum is made up of ____ fused vertebrae

5

True ribs are ribs __ to __

1 - 7

Floating ribs are ribs ___ & ___

11 & 12

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

12

There are ___ total pairs of ribs

12

The coccyx is made u prof ___ to ___ fused vertebrae

3 - 5

How many muscles make up the rotator cuff?

4

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

5

Which ligament prevents the femur from sliding forward and backward of the tibia

ACL and PCL

What is the "unhappy triad"?

ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus

ATP is broken down into what two things for energy?

ADP & phosphate (P)

What breaks the bond between the myosin head & myosin binding site?

ATP

Spreading the fingers out would cause the MCP to move into ?

Abduction

Name the action of the Gluteus Medium

Abduction of the hip

What neurotransmitter is released from the presynaptic vesicles?

Acetylcholine

What is the strongest tendon in the body?

Achilles' tendon

What muscle makes up the calcaneal tendon?

Achilles' tendon

What muscle is typically referred to as a groin pull/strain?

Adductor muscles

Define dislocation

An injury where articulations have no contact with each other

Define Subluxation

An injury where there's partial contact between articular surfaces of the bones

What ligament maintains contact of the head of the radius with the unla?

Annular ligament

Name the test integrity of the Anterior Talofibular/calcaneofibuakr (ankle) ligament

Anterior Drawer Test

A joint capsule has a fibrous layer that attaches to the _____ _____

Articulating bones

Define a Closed reduction non-invasive fixation

Bring the fracture ends in alignment without surgery or devices

The atlas can also be called the ____ vertebrae

C1

The axis can also be called the ___ vertebrae

C2

What ion MUST be present for contraction to continue?

Ca++

Name the motion of the shoulder that results in a circular movement pattern

Circumduction

What type of lamellae surrounds the circumference of the bone?

Circumferential

The acromion of the sapula articulates with the ____

Clavicle

What type of lamellae is between osteons?

Concentric

When Ca++ moves down into the presynaptic terminal, does it move up or down its concentration gradient?

DOWN

Bursa (increases/decreases) friction between structures that cross a joint

Decreases

What bone structure is unique to this vertebrae?

Dens

Clenching your jaw causes what movement?

Depression

The motion of closing the mouth is called...

Depression

The opposite of scapular elevation is scapular ...

Depression (sagging shoulders)

The glenoid cavity of the scapula articulates with the ____ of the humerus

Head

What do the thoracic vertebrae articulate with?

Head of the ribs (costal cartilages)

The hip joint is an articulation between the ____ of the femur and the ____

Head; Acetabulum

The second articulation is between the ____ of the radius and the ____ of the humerus

Head; Capitulum

What type of joint is the elbow joint?

Hinge (flexion and extension)

What bone does the latissimus dorsi insert on?

Humerus

What type of CT is articular cartilage?

Hyaline Cartialge

The muscles of the ulnar (pinky) side of the hand ar called the ____ group

Hypothenar

What are the three coxal bones?

Ilium, Ischium, and pubis

Define false ribs

Indirectly attached to the sternal body

Where is a common site for male inguinal hernias?

Inguinal Canal

What type of lamellae surrounds the exterior of central osteons?

Interstitial

Name the action of the tibialis anterior

Inversion of ankle

What part of the ischium do we sit on?

Ischial Turbosity

What are the predominant cells at the border of the periosteum?

Osteoprogenitor cells

Rotating the hip in a ____ rotation will point the patella towards the inside of the leg

Medial

The MCP joint is an articulation between the heads of the ____ and the ____ ____

Metacarpal; Proximal phalanx

The DIP's are between what two phalanges?

Middle and distal

What bone does the thumb NOT have?

Middle phalanx

What is the function of the extraocular muscle?

Movement of the eyeball

Define the insertion of a muscle

Moves with the contractions

Skeletal muscle is responsible for ____ movement

Muscular

These protein filaments are known as what?

Myofilaments

What's uncovered when tropomyosin moves on the actin myofilament?

Myosin binding sites

Can you palpate the acromion?

NO

Does the fibula participate in the movement in the knee joint?

NO

Is there a spinous process on this vertebra?

NO

What does the superior articular facet articulate with?

Occipital condyle

The saddle joint allows for ____ to occur

Opposition

What creates the "dimple" in the skin of the gluteal region?

PSIS

Which CT wraps around the muscle fascicles?

Perimysium

The IP joint articulates between the ____

Phalanx

When myosin heads bind to binding sites what is released?

Phosphate

Moving the plantar surface away from the shin is known as...

Plantar flexion

What is a cross-bridge?

Plas a role in muscle contraction

Name the test integrity of PCL

Posterior Drawer Test

When the palm faces posteriorly, the motion is what?

Pronation

The opposite of scapular retraction is scapular....

Protraction

What are the four locations of a fracture?

Proximal Diaphyseal Distal Malleolar (region of ankle)

The PIP's are between what two phalanges?

Proximal and middle

The radiounlar joint is an articulation between the ____ and ____ radius and ulna

Proximal; Distal

Which bone articulates with the capitulum?

Radius

An example of scapular elevation is...

Raising the shoulders (working the traps)

Where is the umbilicus located?

Rectus abdominal (belly button)

Shaking your head 'no' causes movement in which plane?

transverse


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