BISC 162 Study Guide Book Questions Chapter 33 Exam 2

A-have prehensile tail; Only the New World monkeys have a prehensile tail.

A key difference between Old World monkeys and New World monkeys is that the latter A-have prehensile tail B-are aboreal C-have a placenta D-are less closely related to tarsiers E-all of the above

B-Sea lilies and feather stars; The crinoids (sea lilies and feather stars) are a relict group with many more extinct that extant species.

In which of the following echinoderm groups are the extinct members more numerous than the living members? A-Sea stars and brittle stars B-Sea lilies and feather stars C-sea urchins and sea cucumbers D-sea daisies E-asterozoans

B-they do not have to be laid in a moist environment; The shelled egg of the birds and reptiles allowed them to occupy dry terrestrial habitats because the shell decreases water loss from the egg.

The amniotes evolved the ability to reproduce by laying eggs that have shells. The major advantage of shelled eggs is that A-the embryo needs only a small amount of yolk for development B-they do not have to be laid in a moist environment C-the shells increase evaporation from the egg D-nitrogenous wastes can be exerted across the shell E-gas exchange with the environment is more efficient

C-controlling buoyancy; The swim bladder of modern-day fishes is involved in controlling buoyancy

The swim bladder of many fishes that evolved from a lung like sac has the important function of A-aiding in prey capture B-controlling swimming speed C-controlling buoyancy D-aiding in reproduction E-providing balance

D-Development of feathers for insulation; The move onto land did not require the development of feathers for insulation. Amphibians and reptiles do not have an insulation layer, and many mammals have hair for insulation.

The transition from aquatic to terrestrial lifestyles required many adaptations in the vertebrate lineage. Which of the following is NOT one of those adaptations? A-A shift from gills to air-breathing lungs B-Improvements in the water resistance of skin C-An alteration in the mode of locomotion D-Development of feathers for insulation E-Modifications to the nitrogen elimination system

D-Ecdysozoans; Ecysozoans are a type of protostome

Which of the following are not deuterostomes? A-Echinoderms B-Hemichordates C-Cephalochordates D-Ecdysozoans E-Chordates

B-Ascidians, lancelets, and hagfishes; The ascidians, lancelets, and hagfishes all evolved before the cartilaginous fishes

Which of the following chordate groups evolved before the appearance of cartilaginous fish? A-Ray-finned fishes and sea squirts B-Ascidians, lancelets, and hagfishes C-Ascidians, lancelets, and ray-finned fishes D-Lampreys and ray-finned fishes E-Coelancanths and ray-finned fishes

A-A ventral spinal chord; Along with an internal skeleton, well-developed circulatory system, and organs suspended in a coelom, the vertebrates have a dorsal spinal chord

Which of the following is NOT a feature of the vertebrate body plan? A-A ventral spinal chord B-An internal skeleton C-A well-developed circulatory system D-Organs suspended in the circulatory system E-An anterior skull encasing a proportionally large brain

D-kidneys; Kidneys are present in reptiles, birds, fishes, and mammals. The presence of kidneys is not a trait that could be used to identify a mammal.

Which of the following is NOT a trait that could be used to identify an animal as a mammal rather than an amphibian? A-mammary glands B-hair C-sweat glands D-kidneys E-four-chambered heart

E-The ability to fly; Not all birds fly and not all dinosaurs were able to fly.

Which of the following is NOT part of the evidence that birds are closely related to dinosaurs? A-The presence of feathers in representatives of both groups B-The presence of hollow bones in representatives of both groups C-DNA sequence data comparing birds to other living reptiles D-A bipedal stance in fossilized therapods E-The ability to fly

C-Birds can breathe and run at the same time, whereas reptiles cannot; Birds and reptiles differ in the morphology of the muscles that control movement and breathing. Birds can run and breathe at the same time, whereas reptiles must stop running to take a breath.

Which of the following statements about birds and reptiles is true? A-Birds have a lower metabolic rate than reptiles B-Reptiles give birth to live young, whereas birds lay eggs. C-Birds can breathe and run at the same time, whereas reptiles cannot. D-Birds are amniotes, reptiles are not. E-Reptiles supplement their lung action with gas exchange through their skin, whereas birds depend entirely on their lungs for gas exchange.

C-they are protostomes; species from the echinoderm clade are deuterostomes

Which of the following statements about echinoderms is FALSE? A-they have a water vascular system B-they have an internal skeleton C-they are protostomes D-the larvae have bilateral symmetry E-the adult form lacks a head

C-The extinction of the neanderthals was caused by the emergence of homo habilis; The extinction of Neanderthals is thought to have ben due in part to the presence of Cro-Magnon. Homo habilis was extinct for more than a million years by the time the Neanderthals emerged.

Which of the following statements about human evolution is FALSE? A-Bipedalism was a hominid adaptation for life on land B-Increases in the size of hominid brains preceded by the appearance of language and culture C-The extinction of the neanderthals was caused by the emergence of homo habilis D-Humans are not the direct descendants of modern-day chimpanzees E-Homo sapiens coexisted with H.neanderthalensis in portions of Europe and Asia

A-gill as as the major site of gas exchange; In both the ray-finned fishes and cartilaginous fishes, the major site of gas exchange is the fills. The ray-finned fishes have a skeleton of bone and a swim bladder. These traits are not shared with the cartilaginous fishes. Neither group has bony plates in its outer surface. They all move their tails laterally, in contrast to cetaceans, which move their tails vertically.

Which of the following traits is shared by the chondrichthyans and ray-finned fishes? A-gill as as the major site of gas exchange B-a skeleton composed of cartilage C-an outer surface covered with bony plates D-a swim bladder E-propulsions by means of dorsal/ventral movements of their tails

B-Birds; Birds are now thought to be the direct descendants of a group of dinosaurs.

Which of the following vertebrate groups is a living representative of the dinosaur lineage? A-Crocodilians B-Birds C-Lobe-finned fishes D-Snakes E-Lepidosaurs