OPMA 3306 test 2

in operations management, capacity must be stated relative to

a period of time

Which one of the following is not one the differences between planning capacity for services v. manufacturing location volatility of demand cost time

cost

the point in the supply chain where the inventory is positioned to allow the preceding process to operate independently is the

customer order decoupling point

--- line layout can increase opportunity for work sharing among workstations in an assembly

flexible

which of the following types of service organizations should aim for low utilization because of the high levels of uncertainty

hospitals

maintain a stable workforce working at a constant output rate

level strategy

which types of firms invest in lean manufacturing programs in order to improve customer service levels for a given inventory investment

make-to-stock

which layout uses a dedicated area where products that are similar in processing requirements are produced

manufacturing cell

in project layout, --- and --- are arranged around the production point

material, machines

by simulating various master production schedules and calculating corresponding capacity, labor and equipment requirements, one is developing

rough cut aggregate plan

a -- -- aggregate plan may be further modified by mathematical methods to develop a lower cost plan

rough-cut

days of supply

(average inventory/ cost of goods sold) * 365

inventory measures

- inventory turn compares cost of good sold to average inventory - days of supply measures how long a firms inventory can support sales

assembly-line and continuous process layouts

-often items in continuous process is a liquid that actually flows through the system - in an assembly line, a product goes through a progressive set of steps - in continuous process, a product moves continuously through the process

what are ways to reduce the required time for a task

-use more skilled workers - work overtime - share the task among several workstations - product redesign

three steps associated with making a product into their order

1 sourcing 2 making 3 delivering

Steps required to determine capacity requirement

1. Forecast to predict sales 2. Calculate equipment and labor requirements 3. Project labor and equipment availability

1000 units, 8 hour day, cycle time?

C= 8(60)(60)/1000= 28.8

required workstation cycle time

C=production time per day/required output per day

T/F Wen changing capacity a firm should ensure the output of one stage provides the exact input for the next stage

False

T/F the total work at a workstation is equal to the sum of all tasks to complete product

False total work at a workstation is equal to the sum of all tasks assigned to that workstation

Which of the following is NOT true about a workcenter layout

a workcenter layout is commonly used for systems with high production volume

the average number of customers that come to a facility during a specific period of time is known as the

arrival rate

The output level where average unit cost is minimized is known as the

best operating level

what is the output that a system is capable of achieving over a period of time

capacity

capacity in excess of expected demand is known as

capacity cushion

match the production rate to the order rate by hiring and laying off employees as the order rate caries

chase strategy

aggregation on the demand side is done by groups of

customers

means of developing plans, which involves analyzing various alternatives plans and selecting the best one is

cut and try

A schematic model of the sequence of steps in a problem and the conditions and consequences of each step is called a

decision tree

As production volume increases, a system experiencing economies of scale will observe

decreasing costs until a minimum is reached, followed by increasing costs

which of the following is NOT a step in the process of developing a manufacturing cell

determine which machines perform the same process(a manufacturing cell is generally made up of dissimilar machines)

inventory turn is calculated by

dividing cost of good sold by average inventory value

The idea as a plant volume increases, the average cpu drops is knows as

economies of scale

The idea that multiple products can be combined and produced at one facility at a lower cost than they can be produced separately is know as

economies of scope

in a service organizations, short-term scheduling focuses on

employees

basic production costs consist of -- and -- cost incurred in producing a given product type in a given time period

fixed, variable

which of the following are reasons for the volatility of demand on a service delivery system

intangibility customer behavior customer interaction

little's law relates inventory, throughput rate, and flow time as

inventory=Throughput * Flow time

The practice of achieving high levels of customer service with a minimal inventory investment is know as --- manufacturing

lean

Short range intermediate range long range

less than one month monthly/quarterly plans greater than 1 year

activities such as designing manufacturing and service processes and designing logistics activities are part of the --- rage planning process

long

firms that make the customer's product from raw material, parts, and components are

make to order

firms that service customers from finished goods inventory are known as

make to stock

type of firm invests in lean manufacturing programs in order to improve customer levels for a given inventory investment

make to stock

which of the following is NOT an operations and supply chain task performed in an intermediate term plan

make v buy assessment

two + strategies used

mixed strategy

if inventory turn is known, days of supply is calculated

multiplying the inverse of inventory turn by 365 (1/inventory turn)*365

assemble to order system, the total number of unique combo possible is calculated by

multiplying the number of options for each choice together

the efficiency of an assembly line balance must always be less than or equal to

one

workcenters are often focused on

one type of operation

the main purpose of an aggregate plan is to specify the

optimal combination of production rate, workforce level and inventory on hand

in stable workforce- variable work hours plan, one varies the --- rate by varying the number of ---- worked through flexible schedules and overtime

output, hours

which of the following can be used to operationalize the focused factory concept

plant within a plant (PWP)

on an assembly-line, the order in which tasks must be performed is

precedence relationship

training workers and managers on how to handle frequent -- changes is an important part of operating a yield management system

price

on the supply side of the business, aggregate planning is done by

product families

there are two dimensions depicted on a product-process matrix

product volume and product standardization

a framework depicting when the difference production process types are typically used depending on volume and standardization is know

product-process matrix

a map showing the flow of materials through a manufacturing system is known as

production process map

the main purpose of the aggregate plan is to specify the optimal combination of

production rate, workforce level, and inventory on hand

short-term operations and supply chain tasks are focuses mostly on scheduling --- and shipment ----

production, orders

identify the layout format that is utilized when the product being manufactured remains in a fixed location

project layout

layout format is utilized when a relatively low number of units will be produced

project layout

product system where product remains in one place while resources travel to the product when needed

project layout

the five basic work flow structures

project, workcenter, manufacturing cell, assembly line and continuous process

when one production planning strategy is used

pure strategy

the planning process that helps firms provided better customer service, lower inventory, shorter lead times and stabilized production rates is

sales and operations planning

a key issue in operating a yield management system is managing the -- process

service

the average number of customers that can be processed over period of time when the facility is operating at maximum capacity is known as

service rate

vary the output by varying the number of hours worked through flexible work schedules

stable workforce

when a manufacturer uses a ---- strategy there is a risk of losing control of the schedule/ quality

subcontracting

the end goal of a sales and operations planning meeting is to find the best course of actions to actions to achieve the optimal balance between

supply and demand

when discussing an assembly line, there are differences among line types that include all but -length of the line -workstation characteristic - material handling devices

systematic planning

A common approach to developing an aggregate operations plan is from

the corporate annual plan

The two types of costs to consider when adding capacity are

the cost of upgrading too infrequently and the cost of upgrading too frequently

Capacity has a time dimensional aspect for operations and supply chain management. A manager must consider capacity planning in how many time duration?

three time duration

T/F Capacity can be looked at as both resource inputs and product outputs

true

a --- layout machines are grouped according to type or function and parts travel to the appropriate location for processing

workcenter

The time between successive units coming off the end of an assembly line

workstation cycle time