OPMA 3306 test 2
in operations management, capacity must be stated relative to
a period of time
Which one of the following is not one the differences between planning capacity for services v. manufacturing location volatility of demand cost time
cost
the point in the supply chain where the inventory is positioned to allow the preceding process to operate independently is the
customer order decoupling point
--- line layout can increase opportunity for work sharing among workstations in an assembly
flexible
which of the following types of service organizations should aim for low utilization because of the high levels of uncertainty
hospitals
maintain a stable workforce working at a constant output rate
level strategy
which types of firms invest in lean manufacturing programs in order to improve customer service levels for a given inventory investment
make-to-stock
which layout uses a dedicated area where products that are similar in processing requirements are produced
manufacturing cell
in project layout, --- and --- are arranged around the production point
material, machines
by simulating various master production schedules and calculating corresponding capacity, labor and equipment requirements, one is developing
rough cut aggregate plan
a -- -- aggregate plan may be further modified by mathematical methods to develop a lower cost plan
rough-cut
days of supply
(average inventory/ cost of goods sold) * 365
inventory measures
- inventory turn compares cost of good sold to average inventory - days of supply measures how long a firms inventory can support sales
assembly-line and continuous process layouts
-often items in continuous process is a liquid that actually flows through the system - in an assembly line, a product goes through a progressive set of steps - in continuous process, a product moves continuously through the process
what are ways to reduce the required time for a task
-use more skilled workers - work overtime - share the task among several workstations - product redesign
three steps associated with making a product into their order
1 sourcing 2 making 3 delivering
Steps required to determine capacity requirement
1. Forecast to predict sales 2. Calculate equipment and labor requirements 3. Project labor and equipment availability
1000 units, 8 hour day, cycle time?
C= 8(60)(60)/1000= 28.8
required workstation cycle time
C=production time per day/required output per day
T/F Wen changing capacity a firm should ensure the output of one stage provides the exact input for the next stage
False
T/F the total work at a workstation is equal to the sum of all tasks to complete product
False total work at a workstation is equal to the sum of all tasks assigned to that workstation
Which of the following is NOT true about a workcenter layout
a workcenter layout is commonly used for systems with high production volume
the average number of customers that come to a facility during a specific period of time is known as the
arrival rate
The output level where average unit cost is minimized is known as the
best operating level
what is the output that a system is capable of achieving over a period of time
capacity
capacity in excess of expected demand is known as
capacity cushion
match the production rate to the order rate by hiring and laying off employees as the order rate caries
chase strategy
aggregation on the demand side is done by groups of
customers
means of developing plans, which involves analyzing various alternatives plans and selecting the best one is
cut and try
A schematic model of the sequence of steps in a problem and the conditions and consequences of each step is called a
decision tree
As production volume increases, a system experiencing economies of scale will observe
decreasing costs until a minimum is reached, followed by increasing costs
which of the following is NOT a step in the process of developing a manufacturing cell
determine which machines perform the same process(a manufacturing cell is generally made up of dissimilar machines)
inventory turn is calculated by
dividing cost of good sold by average inventory value
The idea as a plant volume increases, the average cpu drops is knows as
economies of scale
The idea that multiple products can be combined and produced at one facility at a lower cost than they can be produced separately is know as
economies of scope
in a service organizations, short-term scheduling focuses on
employees
basic production costs consist of -- and -- cost incurred in producing a given product type in a given time period
fixed, variable
which of the following are reasons for the volatility of demand on a service delivery system
intangibility customer behavior customer interaction
little's law relates inventory, throughput rate, and flow time as
inventory=Throughput * Flow time
The practice of achieving high levels of customer service with a minimal inventory investment is know as --- manufacturing
lean
Short range intermediate range long range
less than one month monthly/quarterly plans greater than 1 year
activities such as designing manufacturing and service processes and designing logistics activities are part of the --- rage planning process
long
firms that make the customer's product from raw material, parts, and components are
make to order
firms that service customers from finished goods inventory are known as
make to stock
type of firm invests in lean manufacturing programs in order to improve customer levels for a given inventory investment
make to stock
which of the following is NOT an operations and supply chain task performed in an intermediate term plan
make v buy assessment
two + strategies used
mixed strategy
if inventory turn is known, days of supply is calculated
multiplying the inverse of inventory turn by 365 (1/inventory turn)*365
assemble to order system, the total number of unique combo possible is calculated by
multiplying the number of options for each choice together
the efficiency of an assembly line balance must always be less than or equal to
one
workcenters are often focused on
one type of operation
the main purpose of an aggregate plan is to specify the
optimal combination of production rate, workforce level and inventory on hand
in stable workforce- variable work hours plan, one varies the --- rate by varying the number of ---- worked through flexible schedules and overtime
output, hours
which of the following can be used to operationalize the focused factory concept
plant within a plant (PWP)
on an assembly-line, the order in which tasks must be performed is
precedence relationship
training workers and managers on how to handle frequent -- changes is an important part of operating a yield management system
price
on the supply side of the business, aggregate planning is done by
product families
there are two dimensions depicted on a product-process matrix
product volume and product standardization
a framework depicting when the difference production process types are typically used depending on volume and standardization is know
product-process matrix
a map showing the flow of materials through a manufacturing system is known as
production process map
the main purpose of the aggregate plan is to specify the optimal combination of
production rate, workforce level, and inventory on hand
short-term operations and supply chain tasks are focuses mostly on scheduling --- and shipment ----
production, orders
identify the layout format that is utilized when the product being manufactured remains in a fixed location
project layout
layout format is utilized when a relatively low number of units will be produced
project layout
product system where product remains in one place while resources travel to the product when needed
project layout
the five basic work flow structures
project, workcenter, manufacturing cell, assembly line and continuous process
when one production planning strategy is used
pure strategy
the planning process that helps firms provided better customer service, lower inventory, shorter lead times and stabilized production rates is
sales and operations planning
a key issue in operating a yield management system is managing the -- process
service
the average number of customers that can be processed over period of time when the facility is operating at maximum capacity is known as
service rate
vary the output by varying the number of hours worked through flexible work schedules
stable workforce
when a manufacturer uses a ---- strategy there is a risk of losing control of the schedule/ quality
subcontracting
the end goal of a sales and operations planning meeting is to find the best course of actions to actions to achieve the optimal balance between
supply and demand
when discussing an assembly line, there are differences among line types that include all but -length of the line -workstation characteristic - material handling devices
systematic planning
A common approach to developing an aggregate operations plan is from
the corporate annual plan
The two types of costs to consider when adding capacity are
the cost of upgrading too infrequently and the cost of upgrading too frequently
Capacity has a time dimensional aspect for operations and supply chain management. A manager must consider capacity planning in how many time duration?
three time duration
T/F Capacity can be looked at as both resource inputs and product outputs
true
a --- layout machines are grouped according to type or function and parts travel to the appropriate location for processing
workcenter
The time between successive units coming off the end of an assembly line
workstation cycle time
