BLE 22-02 FDLE SOCE Study Guide

Gathering Evidence During DUI Stop

Task 1: Observe and talk with the driver in the vehicle. Task 2: Observe the driver exiting the vehicle.

Occlusive Dressing

any dressing that forms an airtight seal

Lineup Administrator

the person who conducts the lineup. Ideally, the lineup administrator should be independent of the investigation.

Placental Delivery

the placenta separates from the uterine wall and moves through the birth canal for delivery.

Point of No Escape

the point in time when the crash is inevitable, regardless of the evasive action taken.

Final Rest

the point when all movement resulting from the crash comes to a halt.

Skeletal System

the supporting framework for the body, giving it shape and protecting vital organs.

Vicarious Trauma

trauma that results from observing another person's traumatic experience

Hand

turns the cylinder as the gun is cocked, aligns a cartridge with the hammer or firing pin

Crime Pattern

two or more crimes that appear to have been committed by the same suspect, MO can help you narrow the field of suspects.

Shell Latches (Stops)

two pieces of steel mounted on each side of the inside of the receiver at the magazine's rear; they help hold the cartridges in the magazine and release them one at a time when the action operates. They are also used to manually unload the shotgun.

Electronic Control Devices

use a high-voltage, low-power electrical charge to induce involuntary muscle contractions that temporarily disable a non-compliant subject.

Constructive Possession

The controlled substance is in a place over which the suspect has control, or in which the suspect has concealed it.

Algor Mortis

The cooling of the body after death

Action

The mechanism of a firearm involved with presenting the round or cartridge for firing, and in removing the spent casing and introducing a fresh round or cartridge.

Temporary Motor Dysfunction

a type of incapacitation that causes temporary impairment of muscle control, such as a cramp.

Positional Asphyxia

a type of asphyxia that happens when the position of a person's body interferes with their ability to breathe.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

a type of bacteria that is highly contagious and resistant to certain antibiotics.

Rear Sight

brings the firearm into alignment for accuracy; located on the rear of the slide that aligns with the front sight

Double Feed (Shotgun)

occurs when the shell stop fails to retain a shell in the magazine tube after one has been moved onto the carrier. The action will not close.

Failure to Fire

occurs when the trigger is pulled, but the round fails to detonate.

Breach of Duty

occurs when you either fail to act or act inappropriately.

Safety

prevents a shooter from pulling the trigger and discharging the shotgun

Uniform Traffic Citation (UTC)

the only report that you need to complete for a traffic offense, unless it is a crash scene; then a traffic crash report is also required.

Crimp

the part of the case mouth that bends inward to grip the bullet; with shotgun shells, the term applies to the closure at the case mouth.(shotgun only)

Anti-lock braking system (ABS) scuff marks

the patterns left by a vehicle with anti-lock brakes when a driver brakes hard. A scuff mark is a tire mark from a wheel that is both rotating and slipping on the road surface.

Second-degree felony

15 years imprisonment, $10,000 fine, or both

Inhalation Burn

a burn to any part of the airway

Hemotoma

a closed injury that appears as a discolored lump.

Traffic Crash

a collision involving one or more vehicles causing property damage, personal injury, serious bodily injury, or death.

Malfunction

a condition that prevents a weapon from operating properly.

Follow-Up Investigation

a continuation of the initial investigation to determine if a crime occurred; however, it can also complete the investigation by identifying a suspect.

Dialogue

a controlled, unemotional communication between an officer and a subject aimed at problem- solving and communication.

Balance Displacement

a controlling technique used to break the subject's balance through the use of leverage principles.

Gouge

a cut into the surface of the road where some part of the vehicle removed the road surface material.

Diabetes

a disease that causes the body to not produce or properly use insulin.

Psychophysical Test

a divided attention test that measures a person's ability to perform both mental and physical tasks at the same time.

Crime Scene Log

a document that details the name, rank, and agency of each person entering or leaving the scene, the date and time of the person's entry or exit, and the reason the person was at the scene.

Duty to Act

a duty to take some action to prevent harm to another, and for the failure of which one may be liable, depending on the relationship of the parties and the circumstances.

Double Feed (Handgun)

a failure to extract the round in the chamber and a new round being fed from the magazine

Transitory Evidence

evidence that can blow or wash away

Communication

exchanging information through verbal and non- verbal methods.

Ejector

expels the shell from the ejection port (internal part of the bolt)

Fore-end of Slide

facilitates ammunition loading and unloading; the wooden or polymer grip near the magazine

Hammer

falls forward to activate the primer when the trigger is pulled.

Bolt Carrier

flat steel part that fits onto the action bars and on which the bolt sits

Magazine Tube

holds rounds; located under the barrel

Fruit of the Poisonous Tree Doctrine

holds that the court may exclude evidence from trial if the officer obtained it illegally.

Bolt lock/bolt release lever (Rifle)

holds the bolt to the rear when the charging handle is pulled to the rear and the lower portion is depressed; releases the bolt when the upper portion is depressed

Center Pin

holds the cylinder closed on a Smith & Wesson revolver; a spring- loaded part

Frame/ Receiver

holds the internal parts, as well as the slide assembly, and provides a way to grip the pistol

Frame

holds the parts of the revolver and provides a way of gripping the firearm

Receiver

holds the trigger group and bolt assembly

Aggressive Resistance

hostile, attacking movements that may cause injury but are not likely to cause death or great bodily harm to the officer or others.

Deadly Force Resistance

hostile, attacking movements with or without a weapon that create a reasonable perception by the officer that the subject intends to cause and has the capability of causing death or great bodily harm to the officer or others.

Upper Receiver Group

houses the bolt assembly group

Cylinder

houses the extractor rod and contains the chambers that hold the cartridges

Slide

houses the firing pin, safety, drop safety, sights, and extractor

Top Strap

houses the rear sight; positioned over the cylinder; part of the frame

Four Elements of Negligence

A duty to act with care, Breach of the duty to act, Causation or proximate cause & Damages.

Petit Theft

Theft of property more than $100 but less than $750

Grand Theft

Theft of property with a value of more than $750.

Grip Panel

allows the shooter to easily grip and control the weapon; made of polymer

Trigger Safety

allows the trigger to move when pressed

Nervous System

controls voluntary and involuntary body activity.

Vehicular Motion

1. Pitch 2. Roll 3. Yaw

Relaxation

1. meditation 2. religion 3. sports 4. hobbies 5. other activities.

Arrestee

A person who is under arrest or has been arrested

Increasing Radius

A turn that gets wider, like a circle getting larger.

Automated External Defibrillator

AED

Textspeak

Comes from text messages and digital communications.

Adjective

Describes a noun or pronoun.

When?

Documents the date and time an incident occurs.

Perjury

Lying in court after taking an oath.

Bond Hearing

Specific hearing to address bond.

Color Vision

The ability to distinguish colors.

Criminal Intent

The conscious decision to deliberately engage in an unlawful act.

Shotgun

Uses ammo 00 Buckshot, Birdshot

Cyanosis

bluish discoloration of the skin

Tourniquet

device that restricts blood flow to an extremity such as an arm or leg.

Quadrant Search Approach

divides the body into four sections horizontally and vertically.

protective action distance

how far people should stay from a spill,

Supine Position

lying on the back face up

Submit

to completely relinquish control to another.

4 Ways the Body Processes Alcohol

1. Absorption 2. Distribution 3. Metabolism 4. Elimination

Elements of Battery

1. Actually and intentionally touches or strikes another person against the will of the other; or 2. Intentionally causes bodily harm to another person.

Examples of Aggravated Child Abuse

1. Aggravated battery upon a child 2. Willful torture of a child 3. Maliciously punishing of a child 4. Willfully and unlawfully caged a child, or 5. Knowingly and willingly committed child abuse, causing great bodily harm, permanent disability, or permanent disfigurement

Examples of When Reports are Used

1. All crimes 2. Uses of Force 3. Suicides 4. Death 5. Runaway Juveniles 6. See text for remainder...

Tips for Speaking with a Developmentally Disabled Person

1. Allow extra time to exchange information 2. Speak directly to them 3. Focus on their abilities, not their disabilities 4. Respect personal space 5. Gather information to identify/ eliminate any stimuli

General Rules of Firearm Safety

1. Always treat a firearm as if it is loaded 2. Every time you pick up, put down, or hand a firearm to another person, conduct a safety check 3. Always point the muzzle in a safe direction. 4. Never point a firearm at anyone or anything that you do not intend to shoot 5. Keep your finger off the trigger and outside the trigger guard when drawing your firearm or returning it to your holster. 6. Never leave a loaded firearm unattended. 7. Clean a firearm each time it is fired, and fully inspect it once a week.

Photographing Evidence on a Person

1. Apply the same photographic perspectives (overall, midrange, and close-up) when documenting injuries and evidence 2. Use a scale or identifier to document the extent of the injury. 3. Take this photograph in a location that provides privacy to the injured person. 4. If you need to take photographs of an injury to any external genital organs, provide the victim options regarding which officer will observe and photograph the injuries.

Responding to Animal Cruelty

1. Conduct neighborhood canvass and determine ownership 2. Call animal control

Injunction

A court order that requires a person to do or refrain from doing specific acts, such as having no contact.

Risk Protection Order

A court order that temporarily restricts a person access to firearms for up to one year when the pose a signigicant danger to themselves or others.

Pickup Order

A court order to take a juvenile into custody

Capital felony

A crime punishable by death or life imprisonment without parole.

Frozen Cylinder

A cylinder that does not rotate

Personality Disorder

A deeply ingrained, non-psychotic, inflexible pattern of relating, perceiving, and behaving.

Narrative

A detailed account of an incident and events related to the incident.

Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID)

A diagnosis given only after an investigation rules out all other possible causes of death.

Developmental Disability

A disorder or syndrome that is attributable to cerebral palsy, autism, spina bifida, Down Syndrome, Prader-Willi Syndrome or an intellectual disability.

Thought Disorder

A disturbance in a person's ability to create a logical sequence of ideas, which can appear as disordered speech or writing.

Probable Cause

A fair probability or reasonable grounds to believe that someone committed a crime, based on the totality of circumstances.

Delusion

A false belief that is firmly held despite obvious proof or evidence to the contrary. It is the person's reality.

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

A federal civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in all areas of public life, such as jobs, schools, and transportation.

Criminal Gang

A formal or informal ongoing organization, association, or group that has as one of its primary activities the commission of criminal or delinquent acts.

Physical or Mobility Impairment

A functional limitation that affects one or more of a person's limbs.

How to Effectively Interact with Juveniles

1. Maintain high degree of self-control 2. Patience 3. Flexibility 4. Understanding of Situation

Deadly Force

F.S.S. 776.06 states that this is force likely to cause death or great bodily harm.

Duties After a Natural Disaster

1. Search and Rescue 2. Delivering Supplies 3. Providing Security to Shelters 4. Helping the Community to Return to a Sense of Normalcy and Order

Protecting an Archaeological Site

1. Secure and protect the scene 2. Notify a supervisor 3. Inform local, state, or federal park rangers of the incident and any evidence.

Responding to a Theft

1. Contact the manager, Loss Prevention Officer or Complainant 2. Obtain a verbal statement 3. Check video surveillance 4. Attempt to obtain the suspect's statement, if still on scene.

Procedural Justice

Focuses on carrying out justice in a fair and equitable manner.

Main Roles of a Law Enforcement Officer

Supporter, Stabilizer & Enforcer

Examples of Officer Negligence

-LEO operating laptop while driving and in turn causes a crash -Leaving duty weapon accessible and deadly force incident occurs.

How to Contact a Suspect

1. Approach carefully 2. Keep eyes on the suspect 3. Keep a safe distance 4. Stay alert to possible resistance or threats 5. Observe the suspect's position and body movements 6. Continuously scan for weapons

Substance Abuse

The continued misuse of substances that negatively affect the mind and body

Responding to a Credit Card Fraud

1. Ask complainant/ victim if they are in possession of the card. 2. Determine if the crime actually occurred 3. Provide an incident report if requested. 4. Pass information along to Financial Crimes detectives

Techniques for Interviewing Complainants, Witnesses and Victims

1. Ask for ID, get all pertinent information 2. Be personal, yet professional

How to Overcome Resistance to Arrest

1. Ask the person to comply 2. Tell the person to comply 3. Make the person comply.

People Who May Read Your Reports

1. Other Officers/ Supervisors 2. Defense/ Prosecuting Attorneys 3. Suspects 4. Victims and their Families 5. The Public 6. See text for remainder...

Sensory Influences of Night Driving

1. Overdriving of vehicle headlights 2. Reaction distance 3. Field of vision 4. Loss of visual cues 5. Glare 6. Emergency lights

Proximate Cause

The legal phrase for the link between the breach of duty and the harm caused (damages).

Adult Protective Investigator (API)

An investigator with DCF that checks the welfare of an elderly person or disabled adult

Concealment

An object or group of objects that creates a visual barrier between an officer and a threat but may not stop a projectile.

Non-Criminal Offense

An offense for which the only penalty may be a fine, forfeiture, or other civil penalties.

Motor Vehicle Repair Disputes

1. Owner may take possession of vehicle after posting a bond with the clerk of court 2. Clerk will issue certificate for repair shop to release vehicle to owner 3. If owner removes vehicle without a bond, they should be investigated for theft

Quid Pro Quo

"Something for something"

A Property

Theft or Burglary are crimes against _______. Because it lacks the person-to-person element.

Main Types of Violations Associated with a Traffic Crash

1. contributing traffic violation 2. non- contributing traffic violation 3. non- traffic violation

Places Concealed Carry is Prohibited

-Any LEO station -Any detention facility -Any Courthouse -Any polling place -Any meeting of a governing body -Any School -Any place defined by FSS 823.05

Requirements for Search Incident to Arrest

-Arrest must be lawful. -Arrest and search must be contemporaneous in time and place.

Legality of Concealed Weapon on Traffic Stop

-Carrier does NOT need to claim they are currently carrying concealed -Must not be readily accessible for immediate use -Must be securely encased -Must carry CWFL AND photo ID

Misdemeanor Exceptions

-Carrying Firearm against Injuction -Tresspass on Certain Properties -Battery -Domestic Violence -Retail Theft -Violation of Injunction -See text for remaining exceptions

Searches Not Requiring Probable Cause

-Consent -Inventory -Administrative Search -Incident to Arrest

Sources for Developing Reas. Susp. or P.C.

-Corroborated Anon. Tips -Reliable Confidential Info -Line-ups -Show-ups

Parts of Florida Courts

-County Courts (Misdem., Ordinances and Civil) -Circuit Courts (Felonies, Civil Cases, Baker Act) -FL District Court of Appeals (Appeal Court of FL) -FL Supreme Court (Hears challenges/ Final Judgement on Appeals)

3 Elements that Compose the 4th Amendment Search

-Government -Intrusion -Reasonable Expectation of Privacy

Lawful Ownership/ Use of a Firearm

-Must be 21 to purchase from a licensed importer, manufacturer or dealer -Under 21 may own if received as a gift -Prohibitions do not apply to LEO, CO or military personnel for purchase of rifle or shotgun

Requirements to Conceal Carry

-Must hold valid CWFL -Must be concealed from the ordinary sight of another person

Warrantless Arrest

-Person has committed a felony, misdemeanor or violated an ordinance in the presence of LEO -Person committed a felony with PC -Warrant issued with other agency -Committed misdemeanor exception

Requirements to Obtain a Search Warrant

-Signed by a neutral judge -Based on an affidavit that states sufficient facts to establish P.C. -Basis of info must come from a reliable source -Affiant can be anyone, but person serving must have jurisdiction over place being searched.

F.S.S. 776.05

-Statute related to deadly force specifically incorporating Tennessee v. Garner -Describes when LEO is authorized to use deadly force on a fleeing FELONY suspect.

Aggravated Assault

-Suspect committed all the elements of assault in addition, made the assault with a deadly weapon without intent to kill. -A third degree felony.

Trial

-Trial by judge (no jury, judge decides verdict) -Trial by jury (Jury decides) -Juveniles are always trial by judge unless being tried as an adult.

Parts of Federal Court

-US District Courts (Federal Trial Courts) -Courts of Appeal (Hear challenges to decisions) -US Supreme Court (Chief Authority of Judicial Branch)

Examples of Civil Liability

-Unlawful Arrests -Unlawful Search -Excessive Force -Failure to Apply Approp. First Aid -Negligent Driving

2 Civil Documents a SO must serve

-Witness Subpoena -Eviction Notices

Principal in the First Degree

A person who commits any criminal offense, whether felony or misdemeanor, aids, abets, counsels, hires, or persuades an offense to be committed or attempted.

Responding to a Motor Vehicle Theft

1. Ask the victim for a vehicle description, to show you where they parked, and if they have a car key. 2. Determine if a family member may have a key and took the vehicle 3. Look for broken glass or drag marks 4. Check with dispatch to find out if the vehicle was towed for repossession 5. Check cameras if available 6. If determined stolen, put out a BOLO and enter the information into FCIC/NCIC

Ways to Organize a Report

1. By order of events 2. By category

Certification Requirements for Using FCIC/NCIC

1. CJIS Training 2. Pass Certification Exam 3. Fingerprint Based Background Check

How to Verify Vehicle Insurance

1. Paper print out from insurance company 2. Electronic copy (through insurance app)

Three Parts of UTC

1. Part One (white)— Complaint— Retained by Court 2. Part Two (yellow)— Summons— Driver's Copy 3. Part Three (pink)—Officer's Copy

7 Categories of Controlled Substances that Impair Driving

1. CNS (central nervous system) depressants (alcohol, antidepressants, barbiturates) 2. CNS stimulants (amphetamines, cocaine) 3. hallucinogens (ecstasy, LSD, psilocybin) 4. dissociative anesthetics (PCP and ketamine) 5. narcotic analgesics (heroin, morphine, opium) 6. inhalants (aerosols, paint thinner) 7. cannabis (marijuana) and medical marijuana

Trafficking Amounts

1. Cannabis, excess of 25 lbs or 300 plants 2. Cocaine, excess of 28 grams 3. Hydrocodone, excess of 28 grams 4. Meth, excess of 14 grams 5. MDMA, excess of 1 kilogram 6. Oxycodone, excess of 30 kilograms 7. LSD, excess of 1 gram

Major Life-Activities

1. Caring for Oneself 2. Performing Manual Tasks 3. Walking 4. Seeing 5. Hearing 6. Speaking 7. Breathing 8. Learning 9. Working

Major Life Activities

1. Caring for oneself 2. Performing manual tasks 3. Walking 4. Seeing 5. Hearing 6. Speaking 7. Breathing 8. Learning 9. Working

Medical Marijuana Use Registry

1. Patient must be in possession of ____ ____ ____ ____ ID when in possession of marijuana or delivery device.

Three phases of a traffic crash

1. Phase 1 (Pre-Collision Phase) 2. Phase 2 (At Collision Phase) 3. Phase 3 (Post Collision Phase)

3 Phases of a DUI Investigation

1. Phase 1 (Vehicle in Motion) 2. Phase 2 (Personal Contact) 3. Pre-Arrest Screening

An Accessory After the Fact

A person who gives the principal any aid with the intent that the principal avoids or escapes detention, arrest, trial, or punishment.

Elements of Contributing to the Delinquency or Dependency of a Child

1. Causing, tending to cause, encouraging or contributing to a child becoming a delinquent or dependent child or a child in need of services 2. By act, threat, command, or persuasion, induced or endeavored to induce a child to commit an act or live in a manner that tends to cause the child to remain a delinquent or dependent child.

Examples of Electronic Evidence

1. Cell Phones 2. Thumb Drives 3. Laptops, Notebooks, Tablets, Computers 4. Smart Home and Security devices 5. External Harddrives 6. Digital Cameras

Any

A person who has ____ alcohol in their body may not drive or be in actual physical control of a commercial motor vehicle (CMV) in the state of Florida.

Examples of Behavioral Deception

1. Change in tone/ speed of voice 2. Foot tapping 3. Leg shaking 4. Finger tapping 5. Not sitting still 6. Refusing to make eye contact 7. See text for remaining example

9 classes of hazardous materials

1) Explosive 2) Gases 3) Flammable & Combustible Liquids 4) Flammable Solids 5) Oxidizing Substances and Organic Peroxides 6) Poisonous & Infections Substances 7) Radioactive 8) Corrosives 9) Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods

Information Given to Booking Deputy

1. Charges 2. Injuries 3. If the arestee is a juvenile 4. OC exposure 5. Taser deployment 6. Threats made by the arestee 7. Any known medical conditions

Responding to a Recovery of a Stolen Vehicle

1. Check for broken side or vent windows, poorly attached license plates or scratched door locks 2. Check for signs of a punched-out ignition 3. Notify dispatch to notify FCIC/ NCIC and the vehicle owner.

Joint Manipulation

An officer may gain control over a subject by bending or twisting a joint in a direction that will cause pain or discomfort to the joint.

Umbilical Cord

cord connecting the fetus and the patient; transports nourishment to the fetus

Parts of an Interior Vehicle Inspection

1. Checking backseat for weapons and contraband 2. Tears in seats 3. Check seat belts 4. Test communications equipment 5. Check windows and doors for proper operation

Examples of Questioned Documents Evidence

1. Checks 2. Bank Statements 3. Address Books 4. Wire Transfers 5. Credit Cards 6. Phone Bills

Principles of Proper Acceleration

1. Position right foot with the right heel at the base of pedal 2. Rest ball of foot squarely on pedal 3. Apply pressure to the pedal 4. Release the pressure on the pedal as needed to control loos of traction or decrease the acceleration rate.

Types of Florida Driver's Licenses

1. Commercial (Blue) 2. Non-Commercial (Green) 3. Learner's License (Orange)

Do Not Resuscitate Order (DNR)

documents the terminally or chronically ill patient's wish to refuse resuscitation.

Safe Foot Pursuits

1. Communicate your location via radio 2. Continuously update dispatch 3. Consider safety concerns 4. Attempt to keep eyes on subject 5. Decision of gun drawn or not

Community-Oriented Policing

1. Community Partnerships 2. Problem Solving

Interviewee Categories

1. Complainant 2. Victim 3. Witness 4. Source 5. Suspect 6. Any other person with information

Types of Interviewees

1. Complainant 2. Victim 3. Witness 4. Source 5. Suspect 6. Any other person with knowledge

Order of Interviews

1. Complainant or Victim 2. Witnesses 3. Suspect

2 Types of Amputation

1. Complete 2. Incomplete

Steps After Custody Turned Over to Booking

1. Complete arrest affidavit, if needed 2. Advise dispatch or enter call disposition 3. Return to service

how to administer an HGN test

1. "I am going to check your eyes." ("Do you wear glasses or contacts?" If they are wearing glasses ask them to remove their glasses.) 2. "Stand with your feet together (heels and toes) and your hands down at your side." (The subject may also be seated.) 3. "Keep your head still and follow this object with your eyes only." 4. "Do not move your head." 5. "Do you understand the instructions?"

Legal Custody

1. A legal status created by the court by the court appointing a custodian or guardian. 2. The right to have physical custody of a child and the right and duty to protect, nurture, guide and discipline a child, or 3. The right to provide a child with food, shelter, education, and ordinary medical, dental, psychiatric, and psychological care.

Examples of Endangered Persons

1. A missing child, younger than 18 2. A missing adult, younger than 26 3. A missing adult, over 26 but believed to be in danger or the victim of a crime 4. A missing adult, 18 or older, who qualifies for a Silver Alert or Purple Alert

Examples of Privileged Communications

1. A sexual assault counselor and a sexual assault victim 2. A domestic violence advocate and a domestic violence victim.

Specialized Patrol Methods

1. ATV 2. Marine 3. Air 4. Motorcycle

Responding to the Scene of an Obstructed Roadway

1. Assess for scene safety. 2. Determine the cause of any road obstruction 3, Park the patrol vehicle in a safe location and according to agency policy. 4. Activate the vehicle's emergency lights to urge motorists to use caution and slow down.

Responding to a Child Abuse/ Neglect/ Abandonment Call

1. Assess the child for injuries 2. Looks for signs of physical abuse 3. Sometimes, escort a CPI from DCF on the scene 4. Physically separate a child from the alleged abuser 5. Conduct an interview of everyone at the scene 6. Determine if a crime has occurred 7. Follow basic investigation process 8. Use procedural justice

Tactical Ready Stance

1. Assume the standing position, and then, lock your arms below your life of sight. 2. May also be assumed by bending your elbows while pulling the handgun straight back and holding it close to your body. 3. Maintain a proper grip while pointing the firearm in a safe direction or towards the threat.

Characteristics of Sovereign Citizens

1. Attempt to establish beliefs by filing legal documents to denounce their citizenship 2. Believe in the Redemption Theory 3. Believe in emancipating themselves from the US Government by refusing to pay taxes, use a state driver's license, or obey US laws 4. May engage in criminal activities related to defrauding banks, credit institutions, and the US government

Interacting with a Person with a Mental Illness

1. Avoid basing interaction on previous encounters. 2. Speak at an appropriate level for their age and development 3. Be empathetic 4. Ask if they are taking any medications or illicit drugs 5. Always maintain situational awareness.

Safe Locations to Conduct SFST's

1. Away from vehicle/ pedestrian traffic 2. Flat surface 3. Ample lighting

Responding to a traffic crash scene involving hazardous materials

1. Before approaching the scene, look for hazardous conditions 2. Use binoculars to determine if the vehicle's contents are hazardous by locating a placard on the back or side of the vehicle.

Kneeling Position

1. Begin in the standing position. 2. Draw your weapon and step forward with your opposite foot. 3. Drop your shooting side knee to the ground, keeping the muzzle of your weapon pointed downrange. Keep your finger off the trigger. 4. As you drop your knee, bring your arms up, raising your weapon to eye level. Keep your head erect and your back straight.

Characteristics of a Suicidal Person

1. Behavioral changes 2. Giving away personal property 3. Losing appetite 4. Self-destructive behaviors 5. Substance abuse 6. Previous suicide attempts

Examples of Biological Evidence

1. Blood 2. Semen 3. Saliva 4. Bones 5. Teeth 6. Body Tissue 7. Hair 8. Touch DNA

Examples of Chemical/ Toxicological Evidence

1. Blood Alcohol Levels 2. Drugs 3. Poisons

Ways to Approach a Subject

1. Contact the suspect right away 2. Wait for backup

Elements of Breach of the Peace or Disorderly Conduct

1. Corrupt public morals 2. Outrages public sense of decency 3. Affects the peace and quiet of people who may witness it, or 4. A brawl or fight

Examples of Fraud

1. Credit Card 2. Bank 3. Checks 4. Identity

Four Elements to Miranda Decision

1. Custody 2. Interrogation 3. Understanding 4. Voluntary Waiver of Rights

Examples of Crisis

1. Death of a loved one 2. A serious health issue 3. Financial loss 4. Job loss 5. Natural disasters 6. House fires 7. Vehicle accidents

Two Common Causes of Memory Loss

1. Demetia 2. Alzheimer's Disease

5 Stages of Grief

1. Denial 2. Anger 3. Bargaining 4. Depression 5. Acceptance

Responding to an Assault/Battery

1. Determine if an assault/ battery occurred 2. Did the suspect use any item to commit the crime 3. Is there PC for arrest or is an RPO needed?

Responding to a Burglary Call

1. Determine if the burglary is in progress or delayed 2. If in progress, notify supervisor, call for backup, and establish a perimeter 3. If not in progress, obtain a statement from the victim 4. Conduct a walk-through and advise them how important it is to preserve evidence and secure the scene. 5. Check for video footage 6. If the burglary was recent, put out a BOLO with any available information 7. Call for crime scene techs depending on policy 8. Maintain a crime scene log if detectives are responding

Responding to Identity Theft

1. Determine jurisdiction 2. Take the initial report 3. Ask if the victim knows how the PII may have been compromised 4. Ask if the victim wants to prosecute the suspect if identified. 5. Encourage the victim to contact their financial institution and at least 1 of the major credit bureaus.

How to Respond to a Call

1. Determine safest response to scene 2. Collect as much information about the call 3. Consider the safest arrival point 4. Plan how you will respond to scene.

Identifying the Problem Within a Crowd

1. Determine the threat level of the crowd 2. Identify any leaders or agitators 3. Call for backup depending on size of crowd 4. Identify why a crowd has gathered 5. Remove leader and interview them 6. Deal with any individual criminal violations that may occur

How to locate all vehicles and people involved in a traffic crash

1. Determine vehicle paths by examining evidence left on the road and surrounding property 2. Thoroughly, yet quickly, scan the entire scene. 3. there may be vehicles or people involved in the traffic crash that have left the scene or are not immediately visible during your initial assessment.

Types of Radio Equipment

1. Dispatch Console 2. Vehicle Mounted Radio 3. Portable Radio

Weapon Status

Follow all safety rules when handling the weapon. Show awareness of the ____ ____ and respond to weapon malfunctions.

Techniques to Improve Night Vision

1. Don't look directly at headlights 2. Look to shoulder and use white line to guide 3. Dim headlights for oncoming traffic 4. Use low beams when driving in fog or smoke 5. Reduce glare by controlling interior lights

Information in DUI Field Notes

1. Driver's eyes bloodshot; gaze fixed; hands shaking 2. Odor of alcoholic beverage on driver's breath 3. Vehicle struck or climbed curb; stopped on sidewalk 4. Vehicle completely crossed the centerline into the opposing traffic lane.

Examples of Victim's Rights

1. Due Process 2. Freedom from intimidation 3. Accurate notice of case updates 4. Reasonable protection from the accused 5. Protection from disclosure or information 6. Being informed of all post-conviction procedures 7. Return of property no longer needed as evidence 8. Full and timely restitution 9. To be informed of all rights

Factors That Influence Response to Crisis

1. Economic, personal and social dynamics 2. Psychological elements 3. Physical considerations

Phase 2 (At Collision)

1. Encroachment occurs when vehicles, property, or people begin to enter the same space at the same time and make contact, and where the first injury or damage may occur. 2. Maximum engagement is the point at which the vehicles, property, or people crush together to the greatest extent.

Strategies to Prevent Impaired Driving

1. Enforcing DUI laws 2. schools 3. civic groups 4. special events

Elements of Home-Invasion Robbery

1. Entered a dwelling with the intent to commit a crime 2. While inside the dwelling, committed robbery 3. Use force, violence, assault, or placed the victim in fear.

Elements of Burglary

1. Entered the structure or conveyance owned by or in the possession of the complainant 2. At the time of entering the structure or conveyance, had the intent to commit a crime in that structure or conveyance 3. Was not licensed or invited to enter the structure or conveyance, and the premises were not open to the public at the time of the entering

Medical Conditions that Mimic Impairment

1. Epilepsy 2. Diabetes 3. Head Injury 4. Dementia/ Alzheimer's

Techniques for Taking Autistic People into Custody

1. Evaluate the person for any injuries 2. Watch for signs of difficulty breathing 3. Alert the detention facility so they can take appropriate action

Mediating a Civil Dispute

1. Evaluate the threat level 2. Avoid complacency and request backup if needed 3. Separate, identify, and interview all people involved 4. Verify if a crime has been committed.

Obtaining a Written Sworn Statement

1. Explain the reason for the statement 2. Be clear about what information should be included 3. Have them print clearly 4. Clarify information you can't read or don't understand

Common Driver and Vehicle Licensing Violations

1. Failure to display registration 2. Operating with expired registration 3. Unlawful use of a temporary tag 4. No driver's license 5. Driver's license not carried/ exhibited on demand 6. Operating a motor vehicle while license suspended, revoked, cancelled or disqualified

Factors Affecting Decision-Making of Juveniles

1. Family 2. School 3. Communities 4. Culture 5. Ethnicity 6. Socioeconomic Status 7. Expectations

Examples of Impression Evidence

1. Fingerprints 2. Tire Tracks 3. Shoe Prints 4. Foot Prints 5. Pry Marks 6. Tool Marks 7. Bite Marks

Role of Booking Deputy

1. Fingerprints 2. Mugshots 3. Inventorying and storing personal property

Responding to Alarm Call

1. Remain aware of your surroundings 2. Use backup depending on agency policy 3. Park patrol car away from scene 4. Run tag numbers of suspicious vehicles 5. Try identifying the cause of alarm 6. Secure the scene if no suspect present 7. Apprehend suspects if present

Behavioral Characteristics of a Person in Crisis

1. Flushed face 2. Heavy or rapid breathing 3. Clenching and unclenching of fists 4. Pacing 5. Pointing fingers 6. Tightening the lips 7. Clenching the teeth 8. Sweating 9. An unreal calmness

How to Interact with a Veteran

1. Gain their trust 2. Do NOT corner the person

Handling Lost/ Stolen Property

1. Get description of property and its value. 2. Gather unique identifiers/ serial numbers 3. Make entries into FCIC/ NCIC if necessary.

Equipment Used to Collect Latent Prints

1. Gloves 2. Black or light gray powder 3. A brush 4. Lifting tape 5. Fingerprint cards

Examples of Trace Evidence

1. Hair 2. Clothing Fibers 3. Paint Chips 4. Glass 5. Wood 6. Soil/ Dirt

Two Classifications of Hearing Loss

1. Hard of Hearing 2. Deafness

Basic Characteristics of Organized Crime

1. Has a specific structure, usually hierarchical or paramilitary 2. It has both criminal businesses and legitimate, for-profit businesses 3. It provides a product or service in a particular marker and rarely shares areas of crime or territory with other groups 4. The loss of one source of income will not necessarily eliminate its profit.

Five Manners of Death

1. Homicide 2. Suicide 3. Accidental 4. Natural 5. Unknown

Core Functions of BTAM

1. Identify (based on person or situation) 2. Assess (risk of future targeted violence) 3. Manage (arrest or PC, monitoring over time)

Becoming Familiar With Patrol Area

1. Identify Boundaries 2. Learn Major Roads 3. Learn Landmarks

How to Assist with Animal Complaint

1. Identify any immediate threat or injury 2. Determine if animal is free, contained or aggressive 3. You may capture the animal or call animal control/FWC

Conducting a DUI Crash Investigation

1. Identify any wheel witnesses 2. collect other evidence to place the driver in actual physical control of the vehicle. 3. • The crash investigation is complete and you are now beginning a DUI investigation. • You are issuing the Miranda warnings and will ask if they understand their rights. • You will be conducting the SFSTs to determine if they were able to drive a vehicle safely.

Responding to an Abandoned Vehicle Complaint

1. Identify public safety hazards 2. Survey the scene for anything that may compromise officer safety or indicate a crime has occurred. 3. approach from the rear. 4. attempt to locate the owner. 5. Arrange for the vehicle to be moved.

Documenting Child Abuse/ Neglect/ Abandonment

1. Identity of reporting person is confidential 2. Florida statute requires any individual to report abuse, neglect, or abandonment via the abuse hotline.

Enhancements to Criminal Mischief

1. If damage is less than $200, it's 2nd degree misd. 2. If greater than $200 but less than $1,000, it's 1st degree misd. 3. If greater than $1,000, it's 3rd degree felony

how to identify the driver of a single- vehicle crash

1. If evidence is present, search the vehicle for identifying information 2. Contact the owner to determine who was driving the vehicle 3. Consider using a K9 unit to track

How to Locate the Driver of a Hit-and-Run Incident

1. If there are witnesses, ask them to describe the fleeing vehicle, the driver, or both. 2. Contact dispatch to initiate a BOLO

Processing Contraband Found During a Vehicle Search

1. If you observe contraband, such as controlled substances, weapons, or burglary tools, seizure of the item falls under the "plain view doctrine." 2. consult your agency policies regarding the documentation and recovery of evidence inside the vehicle

Warantless Arrest for Assault/ Battery

1. In Your Presence 2. During a Domestic Violence Situation 3. Occurs upon a LEO, firefighter, EMT, public transit employee, or another officer.

Examples of Physiological Deception

1. Increased sweating 2. Changes in skin color 3. Dry mouth 4. Observable increase in heart rate 5. Observable change in breathing rate

Responding to Loitering or Prowling

1. Initiate a consensual encounter to dispel any concerns 2. Explain why you want to talk to them and let them explain 3. Be transparent and treat them with respect

Elements of Child Abuse

1. Intentionally inflicting physical or mental injury 2. Committing an intentional act that could reasonably be expected to result in physical or mental injury, or 3. Actively encouraging another person to commit an act that results in or could be reasonably have been expected to result in physical or mental injury to a child

Responding to a Trespassing Call

1. Interview the complainant, property owner, or person authorized to act on behalf of the owner, witnesses and the suspect 2. Determine if there is a posting on the property that clearly states No Trespassing 3. Make sure you have jurisdiction as property can expand into other private or public property.

Responding to a Stalking Call

1. Interview the victim to gain facts surrounding the stalking (frequency, method, etc.) 2. Ask the victim to provide screenshots of text messages or social media posts 3. Determine probable cause

Symptoms of Diabetic Emergency

1. Intoxicated appearance 2. Altered mental state 3. Sweet, fruity, or acetone-smelling breath 4. Irregular breathing 5. Rapid or weak pulse 6. Flushed, dry, warm or moist, sweaty, or cool skin 7. Seizure Activity

Safety Concerns of a Foot Pursuit

1. Is the suspect armed? 2. Seriousness of offense 3. Threats to officers and public 4. Potential for ambush 5. Time and weather conditions 6. Can they be apprehended later? 7. Physical limitations 8. Availability of resources 9. Familiarity with the area

How to Respond to a Person with a Mental Illness

1. Keep everyone's safety in mind 2. Get as much information from dispatch as possible 3. Gather information from family members, friends and care givers.

How to Handle Property Disputes

1. Keep the peace 2. Advise parties property disputes are a civil issue

Prone Position

1. Kneel on both knees. 2. Draw the firearm and point it toward the target. 3. Lie on your stomach, face down, using your support hand for stability. 4. Assume a two- handed grip.

Elements of Theft

1. Knowingly and unlawfully obtained or used, or tried to obtain or to use the property of the victim 2. Did it intentionally to deprive the victim of their right to it or any benefit from it, and 3. Took the property for their own use or the use of anyone not entitled to it.

Use of Law Enforcement Radios

1. Law Enforcement Related Messages 2. DL Status and History 3. Calls for Service 4. Criminal Record Checks

Tips for Preventing Accidents

1. Learn to recognize hazardous situations 2. Assume other drivers will make errors 3. Adjust speed, position, or direction to maneuver if a hazard develops 4. Scan far enough ahead to react safely 5. Scan the sides frequently for passing vehicles 6. Scan thoroughly before changing speed or direction.

Determining Factors for Interview Accommodations

1. Level of education, 2. Intellect 3. Experience 4. Culture 5. Language 6. Background 7. Age

Common Characteristics of an Elderly Person

1. Limited mobility 2. Issues with vision or hearing 3. Lack of Strength 4. Bone Deterioration 5. Memory Loss

Assistance in a Non-Criminal Incident

1. Listen to person 2. Determine needs 3. Offer services

Notifying Next of Kin

1. Locate N.O.K. using law enforcement resources 2. Be sensitive to cultural and religious issues. 3. If N.O.K. lives in another jurisdiction, contact local LEO in the area. 4. If requested, provide details of the deceased person's location and circumstances of their death

How to Conduct a Security Check

1. Look for suspicious indicators 2. Run a vehicle check on any suspicious vehicles in the area 3. Check all entry points for signs of tampering

Common Signs of a Traumatic Brain Injury

1. Loss of Balance 2. Slurred Speech 3. Disorientation 4. Irritability

LEO First Aid Duties

1. Maintain an open airway 2. Assess patients 3. Perform CPR 4. Control bleeding 5. Stabilize injuries to the spine and extremities or limbs 6. Care for medical and trauma emergencies 7. Assist other EMS providers

Issuing Paper UTC

1. Make sure that the hard divider separates the set (three copies of the citation) from the other sets in the book. 2. Use a pen with a hard tip, such as a black ballpoint pen, when printing to make sure that the information is legible on all three copies. 3. Clearly fill in each data field or "X" the appropriate box based on the requested information at the top of each category. 4. Complete all applicable sections and leave blank any that are not applicable.

Innapropriate Tactics During an Interview

1. Making Threats 2. Promising Leniency 3. Creating Physical Evidence for Use During an Interview

Causes Effecting a Vulnerable Adult

1. Mental 2. Emotional 3. Sensory 4. Long-term physical or developmental disability or dysfunction 5. Brain Damage 6. Infirmities of Aging

Four Types of Consent Incapacities

1. Mentally Defective 2. Mentally Incapacitated 3. Physically Helpless 4. Physically Incapacitated

Commonly Trafficked Stolen Items

1. Metals 2. Electronics 3. Jewelry 4. Firearms

Techniques to Deal with Vulnerable Adults

1. Minimize distractions 2. Respect personal space 3. Relax, breath and use calming body language

Advantages of Foot Patrol

1. More visibility to the public during daylight 2. Greater access to the community 3. Observing activity in specific areas. 4. Using darkness to conceal your approach at night

Building Search Principles

1. NEVER search buildings alone 2. Direct uninvolved people to a safe location 3. Secure loose items prior to search to remain undetected 4. Conduct a thorough search of the entire building

What to Capitalize

1. Names of people, streets, cities and states 2. Names of specific organizations and buildings 3. Holidays, days and months 4. Geographic locations 5. Titles of professionals ONLY IF they're attached to a name. 6. Brand names

Main types of traffic crash injuries

1. None 2. Possible Injury 3. Non-Incapacitating Injury (non-disabling injury) 4. Incapacitating Injury (serious bodily injury other than death) 5. Serious bodily Injury 6. Fatal Injury 7. Non-traffic Fatal Injury

Law Enforcement Role During Fire-Related Incident

1. Notify dispatch and request assistance 2. Evacuate surrounding area, if needed 3. Notify supervisor 4. Assist in the investigation 5. Maintain crowd and traffic control

How to Conduct a Well-Being Check

1. Notify dispatch if any vehicles are present 2. Check for unlawful entry or inactivity 3. Try to make contact 4. Check windows for signs of distress 5. Contact property manager if possible 6. Check medical facilities 7. Canvass neighbors 8. Document actions

Responding to a Missing Person

1. Notify supervisor 2. Conduct an initial search of buildings and areas where the person was last seen 3. If not located in the initial search, conduct a neighborhood canvass 4. If found alive, ensure the person receives proper medical care.

Determining Your Course of Action

1. Notify your supervisor if you make an arrest 2. If detectives are responding, maintain the scene and start a crime scene log 3. Make arrests, if needed 4. Provide the victim with a case # and officer's name 5. Provide the victim with the appropriate brochure

Describe how to divert traffic around a crash scene

1. Officer parked the patrol vehicle in the road to block oncoming traffic from the crash scene and placed flares or cones in front of, alongside of, and behind the involved vehicles. 2. Parking the patrol vehicle near the scene with the emergency lights activated on the road. This serves not only as a physical barrier to protect the scene, but as a warning device for rerouting other road users when flares and cones are not available.

Appropriate Interview Locations

1. On Scene 2. Agency's Station 3. Medical Facility

Considerations When Approaching a Subject

1. Potential Hazards 2. Criminal History 3. Behavior4. Possible Weapons

Basic Safety/ Survival Tactics

1. Practice situational awareness 2. Avoid tunnel vision 3. ALWAYS identify yourself as LEO 4. Use backup if you believe the suspect is armed 5. Turn off AC and close windows if under gunfire/ chemical attack 6. Use cover under gunfire, if on foot, and call for assistance.

Steering in Reverse

1. Press brake while shifting gear 2. Turn the upper body to the right, placing right arm on the passenger seat headrest 3. Look through the rear window and scan the area 4. Place left hand in 12 position, release the brake and slowly accelerate 5. Use mirrors to assist in travel.

Responding to a Fraudulent Check

1. Primary complainant is the financial institution 2. Victim is the person from whom the funds were drawn 3. If subject is on scene, get a description of them and their vehicle 4. Collect the altered check and submit it as evidence 5. Interview any witnesses (tellers, managers, etc.) 6. Collect video footage

Establishing a Perimeter

1. Primary officer determines need for perimeter 2. Ensure integrity through observation and activities 3. Take immediate action if someone attempts to enter or exit 4. Stay on post until properly relieved

How Impaired Driving Affects Public Safety

1. Property damage 2. financial burden 3. injury 4. death

Reasons for Gang Membership

1. Psychological needs 2. A sense of security and protection 3. Social acceptance 4. Self-esteem 5. Fame

Common Characteristics of Juvenile Offenders

1. Pushing Boundaries 2. High Degree of Irresponsibility 3. Little Respect for Authority 4. Unpredictable Behavior Patterns

Mobile Communication Devices

1. Radios 2. Laptops 3. Tablets 4. Smart Phones

Responding to Domestic Violence

1. Receive details from dispatch 2. Get details from the victim and suspect 3. Photograph and document all evidence 4. Be transparent in an arrest is made 5. Charges to investigate DO NOT require the victim's consent.

How to Measure Skid Marks

1. Record and label the distance from the beginning of the skid to the beginning of the offset. 2. Record and label the distance from the beginning of the offset to the end of the skid. 3. Measure each surface mark separately when the marks cross multiple surfaces, such as the road, sidewalk, landscaping, or lawn.

Interacting with People with Intellectual Disabilities

1. Refrain from imposing labels 2. Treat them with dignity 3. Use simple, short sentences 4. Ask them to repeat what they heard to show understanding 5. Provide additional time to respond.

How to Initiate a BOLO

1. Relay all significant information to dispatch 2. With limited information, check criminal justice databases for identifying info

Recovering From a Skid

1. Remove foot from the accelerator 2. Do NOT apply the brakes 3. Use counter steering

Cleaning a Crash Scene

1. Remove hazards and debris from the road. 2. Drivers of operable crash vehicles must move their vehicles off the road. 3. If a vehicle is immovable, request a tow truck to remove both the vehicle and any associated debris from the road. 4. If part of the crash assistance involves a hazardous materials incident, follow agency policies or call in the hazmat team.

Examples of Services

1. Repairs or improvements to property 2. Professional Services 3. Private, public, or government communication, transportation, power, or sanitation 4. Lodging accommodations 5. Admissions to places of exhibition or entertainment

Principles of Proper Braking

1. Rotate right foot from the accelerator to the brake 2. Place ball of right foot on the center of brake pedal 3. Apply increasing pressure to the brake pedal 4. Increase pressure on the pedal to stop vehicle in the shortest distance.

Reclassifications for Assault/ Battery

1. School Employee 2. Sports Official 3. Emergency Care Provider 4. Firefighter or Police Explorer 5. Public Transit Employee 6. Criminal Justice Officer 7. Traffic Accident Investigation Officer 8. Security Officer Employed by Board of Trustees of a Community College

Parts of an Exterior Vehicle Inspection

1. Scratched Paint 2. Dents 3. Missing/ Broken Light Covers 4. Damaged Emergency Equipment 5. Broken/ Cracked Glass or Mirrors 6. Dirty Windshield 7. Foreign Objects 8. Fluid Leaks Visible on the Ground

How to Seize/ Secure Property & Evidence

1. Separate property from evidence 2. Document evidence seized and process it according to agency policy

Responding to Breach of Peace, Disorderly Conduct, or Disorderly Intoxication

1. Separate the suspect from witnesses 2. Call for backup 3. Interview witnesses and collect statements 4. Document evidence of intoxication

Situational Factors of Totality of Circumstances

1. Severity of the crime 2. subject as an immediate threat 3. subject's mental or psychiatric history 4. subject's violent history 5. subject's combative skills 6. subject's access to weapons 7. innocent bystanders who could be harmed 8. number of subjects versus the number of officers

Frequently Occurring Crashes

1. Sideswipes 2. Right angle at intersections 3. Collisions with fixed objects 4. Improper backing 5. Head-on 6. Rear-end

Corrective Action During Road/Weather Hazards

1. Slow down over fluid to avoid hydroplaning 2. When unable to avoid a hazard, drive at a slight angle 3. Steer smoothly back to the roadway if 2 or more tires leave the roadway

Ways Drugs Are Moved

1. Smuggled 2. Diverted 3. Intercepted from legitimate and illegal sources.

Examples of Personal Identification Information (PII)

1. Social security number 2. official state-issued or U.S. issued driver's license # 3. Permanent resident card number 4. Government passport number 5. Employer or taxpayer ID number 6. Medicaid or food assistance account number 7. Bank account number 8. Credit or debit card number 9. Medical records

Interacting Courteously and Politely

1. Speak clearly and respectfully 2. Use short, simple phrases 3. Model the behavior you want 4. Maintain a calm, reassuring tone 5. Use encouragement throughout encounter

Examples of Physical Injury

1. Sprain, dislocation, or cartilage damage 2. Bone or skull fracture 3. Injury to any internal organ 4. Asphyxiation, suffocation, or drowning 5. Burns or scalding, cuts, lacerations, punctures, or bites.

Weaver Stance

1. Stand at a 45-degree angle to the target, with your feet shoulder-width apart. Your weapon-side foot is to the rear. 2. Bend your knees slightly so your weight is on the balls of your feet. Keep your shoulders at a 45-degree angle to the target. 3. The weapon arm should be almost fully extended while your support arm is bent at the elbow. The elbows should be fairly close together not allowing them to flare out. 4. Push forward with your shooting hand and pull back with your support hand to create isometric tension. 5. Bring your weapon to eye level and keep your head erect.

Isosceles Stance

1. Stand with your feet approximately shoulder-width apart. Keep your weight on the balls of your feet. 2. Bend your knees slightly to allow for movement. 3. Stand with your head and shoulders square to the target, body weight forward. 4. Lock your arms straight out in front, and bring the handgun to eye level.

Signs of Animal Cruelty

1. Starvation 2. Parasites 3. Collar too tight or heavy, causing strangulation 4. Lack of needed medical attention 5. Lack of adequate shelter 6. Excess feces, garbage, broken glass 7. Inappropriate size cage for the animal to stand and turn around 8. Weakness, limping, or inability to walk properly

Interactions with Dispatch

1. Stay aware of all radio transmissions in case another officer is in trouble. 2. Provide accurate information that is brief and concise

How to Respond Safely as Backup

1. Stay in communication with requesting officer 2. Change response according to situation 3. Survey the scene 4. Always maintain situational awareness 5. Always remain alert 6. Provide any assistance primary officer needs

How to Approach a Scene Safely

1. Stop a short distance from the address 2. Asses the area surrounding the patrol car immediately

How to Respond to Motor Vehicle Fire

1. Use vehicle to block traffic (passage for emergency vehicles) 2. Attempt to put out the fire, if possible 3. Call for available and needed resources 4. Survey for victims, hazards, and other threats to public safety 5. Attempt rescue of vehicle occupants if needed

Examples of Coercion

1. Using or threatening the use of physical force 2. Restraining, isolating, or confining 3. Debt Bondage 4. Threatening to remove immigration documents 5. Causing financial harm 6. Giving controlled substances to create dependency 7. Threats of deportation

Coping Behaviors Exhibited by Veterans

1. Substance Abuse 2. Avoiding Others 3. Avoiding Reminders of Trauma 4. Always Staying on Guard 5. Feeling Anger or Resorting to Violence 6. Engaging in Dangerous Behavior 7. Working Too Much

Elements of Possession of Burglary Tools

1. Suspect intended to commit burglary or trespass, and 2. Had in their possession a tool, machine, or implement they intended to use in committing trespass or burglary.

Elements of Trespassing

1. Suspect willfully entered or remained in a structure, conveyance, or property without being licensed or invited, or 2. The suspect willfully entered or remained in a structure, conveyance, or property after the owner tells them to leave or if a trespassing notice is posted, or 3. Having been authorized, licensed, or invited, the suspect was warned by a person authorized by the owner or lessee of the premises to depart, the suspect refused to depart.

Information Included in a Suspect BOLO

1. Suspect's name and ID'ing information 2. Location of the incident 3. The reason for the alert 4. Alleged violation or reason for alert 5. Suspect's last known location or DOT 6. Description or photograph of the person, vehicle or property involved.

Crash Avoiding Techniques

1. Take foot off accelerator 2. Use evasive maneuvers 3. Apply the brakes 4. Steering to a safe location in the direction you want to go

How to Respond to Runaway Children

1. Take the child into protective custody 2. Contact parent/guardian 3. If absent from school, return to school system

Examples of Retail Theft

1. Taking merchandise, money, or negotiable financial or legal documents 2. Alter or remove a label or price tag 3. Transfer merchandise from one container to another 4. Removing a shopping cart, with the intention of depriving the merchant of the items or their full retail value.

Elements of Robbery

1. Taking money or property from the victim 2. Intends to permanently or temporarily deprive the victim of their money or property 3. Uses force, violence, assault, or places the victim in fear during the incident.

Characteristics of Veterans

1. Tattoos with military subject matter 2. Possessing military ID 3. Florida driver's license with "V" 4. License plate or bumper stickers with military subject matter 5. Body Language (Command Presence) 6. Military Style haircuts 7. Blended Clothing

Process for Separating Involved Persons at a Crime Scene

1. Tell them not to talk to each other or discuss the incident with anyone until after you complete their interview. 2. Place people in separate locations, near the crime scene area, but in a place that poses no risk of contaminating evidence.

Main Patrol Methods

1. Vehicle 2. Foot 3. Bicycle

Factors of Admissibility of Evidence

1. The officer must obtain the evidence legally and preserve it properly. 2. The evidence must be relevant to the case. 3. The evidence cannot be unfairly prejudicial, confusing, or based on hearsay.

Criteria for Marchman Act

1. The person has lost power of self-control because of substance abuse. 2. The person is likely to suffer from neglect or refuse self-care 3. The person is in need of substance abuse services and their judgement is so impaired that they are incapable of appreciating the need for services.

Criteria for Baker Act

1. The person has refused voluntary examination after receiving a thorough explanation. 2. Without care or treatment the person is likely to cause serious bodily harm to themselves or others.

Phase 1 (Pre-Collision Phase)

1. The point of perception occurs when the driver becomes aware of a danger or hazard. 2. Reaction Time 3. Evasive Action 4. Point of No Escape

Enhancements of Burglary

1. The suspect commits assault or battery during the burglary 2. The suspect is armed 3. The suspect uses a vehicle to cause damage 4. The suspect causes more than $1,000 of damage to the property 5. The dwelling, structure, or conveyance was occupied at the time of the burglary.

Elements of Luring or Enticing a Child

1. The suspect is 18 or older 2. Intentionally lured or enticed, or 3. Attempted to lure or entice, a child younger than 12 years old into a structure, dwelling or conveyance for other than lawful purposes.

5 Ways to End a Vehicle Pursuit

1. The violator stops voluntarily 2. The violator is stopped involuntarily, resulting in apprehension or violator's death 3. You end the pursuit without apprehending the suspect 4. The violator crashes 5. You crash

Examples of Mental Illness

1. Thought disorders 2. Mood Disorders 3. Anxiety Disorders 4. Personality Disorders

Elements of Robbery by Sudden Snatching

1. Took money, property of some value, from the victim's person 2. Intends to permanently or temporarily deprive the victim of their property and took it for their own or someone else's use, and 3. In the course of taking, the victim was or became aware of the taking.

Elements of Carjacking

1. Took motor vehicle from the victim 2. Intends to permanently or temporarily deprive the victim of their motor vehicle

Physiological Effects in Emergency Mode

1. Tunnel vision 2. Selective hearing 3. Increased heart rate 4. Time distortion 5. Loss of spatial awareness or fine motor schools

Elements of Animal Cruelty

1. Unnecessarily overloading, overdriving, or tormenting an animal. 2. Depriving an animal of necessary food or shelter 3. Unnecessarily mutilating or killing any animal, or causing the same to be done 4. Carrying in or on a vehicle any animal in a cruel or inhumane manner.

Confidential source

A person who provides information in confidence about a crime either from a sense of civic duty or in the expectation of some personal benefit or advantage. Identity is normally not exposed.

Senses Used During Driving

1. Vision 2. Hearing 3. Smell 4. Touch

4 Ways to be Baker Acted

1. Voluntary Examination 2. Court Order 3. Officer Takes the Person into Custody 4. A licensed medical or psychological professional.

Stages of an Interview

1. Warm-up 2. Primary 3. Closing

Examples of Firearms Evidence

1. Weapons 2. Projectiles 3. Gunshot Residue 4. Cartridge Casings 5. Tool marks 6. Database Information

When to Cancel a BOLO

1. When the subject of the BOLO is found 2. When the BOLO is no longer necessary

Information Needed on Audio Recording

1. Your name 2. Names of others present 3. Location 4. Day & Date of Interview 5. Incident to be Discussed 6. Case Number 7. Type of Incident

optimal conditions for conducting the walk-and-turn test

1. a stable, level, and non- slippery surface 2. Enough room to complete 9 heel-to-toe steps

Cues in Assessing Threats

1. abnormal stuttering 2. serious and explicit swearing 3. specific verbal threats 4. increased breathing 5. stopping of all movement 6. clenched fists and quivering hands 7. refusal to show palms of hands 8. reddened or flushed face 9. prominent expanding veins on face and forearms 10. shifting of shoulders or change of stance 11. glancing at a target area 12. ignoring the officer 13. rapid, angry movements

Levels of Responsiveness

1. alertness 2. verbal ability 3. pain response 4. unresponsiveness

How to manage fire hazards at the scene

1. decide how to evacuate everyone on the scene to a safe location. 2. Use verbal commands and gestures to direct everyone at the scene away from the fire and toward the designated safe location.

Phase 3 (Post Collision)

1. begins when the vehicles, property, or people separate, either naturally or from post- crash intervention by a person. 2. A second impact can occur in chain reaction collisions or when one vehicle glances off another into the path of a third vehicle or object.

Examples of Perishable Evidence

1. blood 2. footprints 3. tire impressions 4. trace evidence, such as hair or fibers.

Sources of Information for a Known Suspect

1. check of public records 2. criminal history 3. law enforcement reports 4. interview reports 5. driving records 6. traffic citations

Symptoms of Heart Attack

1. chest pain, may radiate to other parts of the body 2. difficulty breathing 3. cool, pale, moist skin / profuse sweating 4. nausea / vomiting 5. dizziness, light headed, or fainting 6. irregular pulse 7. upper back pain, shoulder pain 8. pressure in the center of the chest 9. unusual fatigue

How to Direct Traffic

1. determine the best place to stand, as well as the appropriate equipment to use for motorists to see you. 2. try to give equal time to each direction of traffic; however, heavier lanes of traffic should be allowed to flow for longer periods.

How to approach a traffic crash scene

1. drive immediately and safely to the scene 2. Get as much information as possible from dispatch regarding the traffic crash location, 3. have a plan for managing the crash scene once you arrive. 4. Make parking decisions quickly based on the nature of the traffic scene.

Information to collect at a crash scene

1. driver's licenses, vehicle registrations, and proof of insurance. 2. Ask the driver if there were any passengers in the vehicle

Issuing Electronic UTC

1. electronically submit the citation to the clerk of the court's office. 2. Provide driver with printed copy or send to driver's email.

Symptoms of Hepatitis

1. flu-like symptoms 2. fever 3. body aches 4. fatigue 5. loss of appetite 6. weakness.

5 Main Parts of a Magazine

1. follower 2. spring 3. magazine insert 4. floor / butt plate 5. magazine tube

How to Observe Suspect Before Breath Test

1. observation must be for a continuous 20 minutes 2. make sure that the driver is not eating or drinking anything

Signs of Stress in LEO

1. inability to concentrate 2. difficulty sleeping, nightmares 3. anxiety 4. inability to make decisions 5. guilt 6. changes in appetite 7. changes in personal relationships 8. isolation 9. changes in work relationships

Psychological Changes Under Stress

1. increased heart rate and respiration 2. diminished or amplified hearing 3. distorted vision 4. loss of bladder and bowel control 5. increased reaction time 6. motor performance changes 7. complete breakdown of motor skills 8. occurrences seeming faster or slower than they are 9. objects appearing closer or farther than they are

Steps for Follow-Up Investigation

1. locate and review the records of the initial or preliminary investigation 2. Compare the list of victims, witnesses, and suspects with the case information to ensure its accuracy 3. review listed evidence 4. determine if there is evidence that has not yet been located or analyzed. 5. If there is a potential suspect, identify evidence that may connect the suspect to the victim and the crime scene. 6. Conduct a criminal history check to determine whether the suspect has fingerprints on file for comparison to any latent fingerprints found at the crime scene.

Signs/ Symptoms of Snake Bite

1. one or two puncture wounds that may or may not bleed 2. a semicircular bite site that may or may not bleed 3. severe pain and burning sensation at the wound site 4. swelling and discoloration at the wound site 5. shock 6. nausea/ vomiting 7. blurred vision 8. drowsiness/ slurred speech 9. increased sweating and salivation 10. weakness/ paralysis 11. seizures/ unresponsiveness

Coping with Survival Stress

1. preplan 2. stay physically fit 3. get enough rest 4. keep a nutritious diet 5. use controlled breathing techniques 6. rely on techniques that involve gross motor movements rather than fine motor skills 7. train under realistic environmental conditions designed to mirror high-stress scenarios 8. anticipate the possibility of resistance with every subject encounter 9. stay proficient in physical and mental skills 10. stay proficient with firearms and other issued equipment

How to Manage a Fatal Crash

1. protect the scene as you would a crime scene. 2. Do not disturb anything inside the vehicle. 3. Try to determine if a significant medical event caused the traffic crash

Terminating a Crash Scene

1. scan the area and make sure you have retrieved and stored all equipment 2. verify that the road is safe for normal traffic flow before removing any traffic redirection equipment. 3. Contact the appropriate agency to repair or replace any traffic control signs or devices. 4. Make sure that you have taken all necessary law enforcement actions 5. If a safety risk still remains on the scene or you make an arrest, stay at the scene until the danger no longer exists or until you make other arrangements for scene safety.

Types of Takedown Techniques

1. straight arm takedown 2. hammer lock takedown 3. shoulder lock takedown 4. rear takedown 5. front takedown 6. hip roll

How to measure the location of evidence at a crash scene

1. take measurements to document distances, locations, and the length of tire marks and roadway evidence 2. Use crash scene measurements to precisely locate significant objects in the crash, to document the events of the crash accurately, and to later ensure accurate testimony in court.

Three Basic Functions of Evidence

1. to prove or disprove a crime 2. to support or undermine other evidence 3. to help determine an appropriate sentence

Pressure Point Locations

1. under the jaw 2. hollow behind the ear 3. hollow behind the collarbone 4. elbow under the shoulder blade

Jacketed Soft Point

1/2 to 3/4 of bullet is jacketed with copper; the exposed lead on the flat nose allows for expansion upon impact. Usually high velocity. Designed for antipersonnel. Easily penetrates interior walls and solid doors.

Law Enforcement Specific Amedments

1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 8th and 14th ammendments.

Complainant

A person who reports a crime or alleges a crime has taken place

First-degree felony

30 years incarceration, $10,000 fine, or both.

Missing Child

A person younger than 18 whose temporary or permanent residence is in Florida; no one knows where the child is located and someone reported the child as missing to a law enforcement agency

Statement

A person's permanent record, oral or written, that explains an incident.

Muzzle

helps control recoil and the rise of the barrel that occurs after firing; the barrel's front end

Speech Impairment

A physiological condition that causes a person to have difficulty in producing sound or understandable language.

Motor Dysfunction

An officer may gain control over a subject by using an incapacitation technique that causes temporary impairment of muscular control.

Gross Motor Skills

movements of the large or major muscles of the body to do things like run, punch, or kick

Behavioral Threat Assessment and Management (BTAM)

A proactive, investigative process used to identify, assess, and manage the risk of targeted violence posed by an identified or identifiable person.

Third-degree felony

5 years imprisonment, $5,000 fine, or both

Proper Hand Position

8 and 4 o'clock

Arrest Authority of a Warrant

A court order authorizing and REQUIRING LEO to take the individual names in the warrant into custody to answer for the charges specified.

Ex Parte Order

A court order issued and signed by a judge that is initiated by one person in the absence of and without representation or notification of other parties

Domestic Violence Protection Order

A court order issued to protect someone against domestic violence.

Subpoena

A court order requiring appearance and/or testimony

Jury

A body of citizens sworn to give a true verdict according to the evidence presented in a court of law

Offense

A breach of law and broadly describes criminal or non- criminal acts that are punishable under Florida law.

Roll Call

A brief operational meeting that officers attend before starting a shift.

Sentinel Injury

A bruise, burn, or mouth injury in an infant younger than seven months who is not mobile

Hollow-Point

A bullet made with lead or copper-jacketed lead with a hollow cavity in the nose; as the bullet expands upon impact, it expends its kinetic energy.

Frangible

A bullet normally made of brass or copper dust held together with a resin material that disintegrates upon impact with steel or concrete; it can penetrate hollow-core doors, drywall, or thin wood material.

Injunction

A civil action with criminal consequences for violation.

Forfeiture

A civil proceeding in which the law-enforcement agency asks the court to transfer ownership of property from the defendant to the government.

Tort

A civil wrong in which the the action of a person or entity violates the rights of another person or entity.

White Supremacists

A common terrorist group within the US.

Interview

A conversation with a person who has knowledge of an event or individual; it is not an arrest, and the person is free to leave.

Search Warrant

A court order allowing law enforcement officers to search a suspect's home or business and take specific items as evidence

Sentence

A group of words that contains a subject, verb and usually an object.

Arraignment

A hearing in which a suspect is formally charged and pleads guilty or not guilty

Subject

A known person accused or suspected of committing a crime. A subject may not have actually committed a crime.

Serving a civil process

A legal procedure in which a summons is delivered to a person to appear in court or at a legal proceeding

Direct Liability

A liability which arises in cases in which the officer committed an intentional or negligent tort in violation of the employing agency's orders or policies.

Vision Impairment

A loss or partial loss of sight that cannot be corrected by usual means.

Guage

A measurement of the bore of shotgun bores derived from the number of bore-sized balls of lead per pound.

Caliber

A measurement used to identify different cartridge (projectile) sizes.

National Crime Information Center (NCIC)

A national database maintained by the FBI that contains information from records of stolen, abandoned, and recovered property, wanted and missing person files, and files of people on supervised release, protection orders, foreign fugitives, immigration violators, and known or suspected terrorists or gang members.

Caregiver

A parent, adult household member, or other person responsible for a child's welfare or who might have legal custody of a child

Vulnerable Adult

A person 18 or older whose ability to perform the everyday activities of daily living or to provide for their own care or protection is impaired.

Disabled Adult

A person 18 years of age or older who suffers from a condition of physical or mental incapacitation due to a developmental disability, organic brain damage, or mental illness, or who has one or more physical or mental limitations that restrict the person's ability to perform the normal activities of daily living.

Missing Adult

A person 18 years of age or older whose temporary or permanent residence is in Florida, whose location is not known, and who is reported missing to a law enforcement agency.

Elderly Person

A person 60 years of age or older who suffers from the infirmities of aging as manifested by advanced age or organic brain damage, or other physical, mental, or emotional dysfunction, to the extent that the ability of the person to provide adequately for the person's own care or protection is impaired.

Offender

A person convicted of a crime in a court of law.

Homeless

A person does not have a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence.

Defendant

A person formally accused of committing a crime or a civil wrong in a court proceeding

Unsheltered Homeless Person

A person living in places not meant for human habitation.

Delegation of Authority

A person of authority grants decision-making authority to another person.

Sign-Language Interpreter

A person who can both receive and express information with the deaf, and interpret it effectively, accurately, and impartially.

Hammer Fist Strike

A properly delivered strike usually causes the subject to release their grip in a situation where the subject suddenly grabs your wrist, equipment, or part of your clothing.

Clue

A reminder, prompt, or a signal to do something, such as take law enforcement action or observe the vehicle more closely.

Blank Round

A round designed for training or noise; the casing's cardboard material becomes a projectile when fired; the projectile cannot penetrate drywall or hollow core doors. However, it can penetrate soft body tissue. When fired at close range, it can cause serious injury or death. Do not discharge in the direction of others. Use extreme caution.

Full Metal Jacket

A round-nose lead bullet completely covered with a copper jacket; sometimes called ball ammunition, it is normally of medium to high velocity. Used extensively by the military, it has low expansion and high penetration capabilities. The chance for ricochet is high.

Hypervigilance

A sense of "always being on guard", can keep you from disengaging from a stressful situation

Hallucination

A sensory experience in which a person can see, hear, smell, taste, or feel something that is not there.

Sentence Fragment

A sentence missing a subject or verb or complete thought.

Probation

A sentence placing a person under supervision instead of confinement.

Enhanced Penalty

A sentence that is increased from one classification of offense to a more serious classification due to a prior conviction or the serious nature of the circumstances involved.

Cause of Action

A set of facts sufficient to justify a right to sue. (PC for Civil Lawsuits)

Conflict of Interest

A situation, on or off-duty, in which an officer is in a position to personally benefit from actions or decisions made in their official capacity.

Open House Party

A social gathering at a residence that is legal unless minors consuming alcohol or drugs are present.

Affirmation

A solemn and formal declaration in place of an oath, usually taken to avoid the religious implications of an oath.

Oath

A solemn promise and formal promise, often invoking God as a witness, to tell the truth regarding what one says or intends to do.

Proof Beyond a Reasonable Doubt

A standard used to determine if a criminal defendant is guilty and which holds that based on the facts of the case, there is no other reasonable explanation than that the defendant committed the crime.

FCIC (Florida Crime Information Center)

A state database housed at FDLE that provides statewide information. (i.e. People and property, DL and registration, CCW, etc.)

Traumatic Brain Injury

A structural injury sustained by the brain, frequently resulting from combat.

Soverign Citizens

A subculture of society that holds anti-government beliefs and does not recognize federal, state or local laws, regulations or policies. Participate as individuals or in groups without established leadership.

Clinch

A technique that involves holding a person tightly in a close position.

Crisis

A time of intense difficulty, trouble or danger especially when the affected person feels unprepared and pressured to take action or make a decision.

Abusive Head Trauma

A traumatic brain injury to an infant or child younger than 6 years old, usually as the result of violent shaking or blunt impact.

Decreasing Radius

A turn that gets tighter during the turn much like a circle getting smaller

Constant Radius

A turn that remains the same throughout, getting neither wider nor smaller

Capias

A type of arrest document issued by the court charging the offender with a violation of a court order or court process of contempt of court.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

A type of developmental disorder that is diagnosed in early childhood and continues through adulthood. It is characterized by language and social development delay and repetitive behaviors.

Disabled Vehicle

A vehicle that is not drivable.

Unattended Vehicle

A vehicle that the driver has left, the engine is still running, the key is still in the ignition, and the brake is not set.

Credible Threat

A verbal or non-verbal threat, or combination of the two that places someone in reasonable fear for their safety or the safety of family and friends

Conjunction

A word used to join words or groups of words.

Hostile Work Environment

A workplace that is difficult or uncomfortable to work in because of a harasser's behavior.

Report

A written document that gives information about an event, situation, occurrence, or incident.

Notice to Appear

A written order that may be issued by LEO in lieu of arrest

Florida License Classes

A, B, C, and E. These indicate what type of vehicle a driver can legally operate.

Court Administrator

An officer responsible for the mechanical necessities of the court, such as scheduling courtrooms, managing case flow, administering personnel, procuring furniture, and preparing budgets.

Weapons of Opportuniy

Any item an officer has at hand may be used as a potential impact weapon when needed, such as a broomstick, flashlight, clipboard, or radio.

Non-Verbal Communication

Any message or signal sent from one person to another without the use of language.

Voice

Active or Passive. A report should be written in active voice.

Consent

Actively agreeing to do something or giving permission for something to happen; it is intelligent, knowing and voluntary consent and does not include submission by coercion.

How to position warning devices

Based on multiple crash scene factors, decide what type of warning devices to use, how many will be required, and how to position them to prevent further damage or injury

Drug Paraphernalia

All equipment, products, and materials of any kind that are used or intended to... 1. Plant, cultivate, grow, or harvest 2. Manufacture 3. Test, analyze 4. Pack, repack, store, or 5. Contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce a controlled substance into the human body.

Refusal Affidavit

If a driver refuses to submit to a breath, urine, or blood test after the implied consent warning, complete a ____ ____ along with a DUI citation.

Bribery

Accepting something for your benefit that influences your professional conduct or decision-making.

Disability

According to ADA, a person with a _________ is someone who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits a major life activity.

Hepatitis C Virus

According to CDC reports, ____ ____ is the most common chronic bloodborne infection in the United States.

Acts Done in a Reasonable Manner

Acting professional within the law and agency policies and procedures.

Suspicious Activity

Activity that is abnormal for a specific time of day in a specific area.

Pronoun

Acts as a substitute for a noun. (i.e. He, She, They)

FSS Chapter 790

Addresses lawful ownership, possession and use of firearms and weapons.

Safe and Lawful Arrest

Informing the suspect that they are under arrest and the reason for the arrest. Miranda should be provided if questioning will occur.

Anxiety Disorder

Affects a person's daily ability to function. Person may experience panic attacks.

Missing Child Alert

Alert must meet the following criteria... 1. Child must be younger than 18 2. Law enforcement agency's preliminary investigation must conclude the child is in danger or serious bodily injury or death 3. Description info or photo MUST be available 4. Agency of jurisdiction MUST approve the issuance.

AMBER Alert

Alert must meet the following criteria... 1. Child must be younger than 18 2. Must be a clear indication of an abduction 3. Agency of jurisdiction must recommend the alert 4. Detailed description of child, abductor, or vehicle to broadcast to the public must be available 5. Agency must conclude that the child's life is in danger.

Fresh Pursuit Exception

Allows an officer to enter a residence or other private place, while chasing a suspect.

Importance of Inspecting Equipment

Allows you to ensure working order or all equipment prior to a need during shift.

Forgery

Altering, forging or counterfeiting a public record, certificate, legal document, bill of exchange, or promissory note, with the intent to injure or defraud someone.

Traumatic Brain Injury

An injury to the brain or head.

Mental Injury

An injury to the intellectual or psychological capacity of a child.

Armor Piercing

Ammunition made of solid carbon or tungsten steel coated with bright green Teflon. The round can pierce protective body armor or steel. It is illegal to posses in Florida except for LEO.

Purple Alert

An alert for one of the following... 1. A mental or cognitive disability that is not Alzheimer's or a dementia related disorder. 2. An intellectual or developmental disability 3. Another physical, mental or emotional disability NOT related to substance abuse.

Blue Alert

An alert issued when a law enforcement officer has been seriously injured, killed or is missing in the line of duty and the suspect poses a serious threat to the suspect.

Perimeter

An area of containment surrounding the site of an incident.

Parole

An early release from prison while still under supervision.

Clerk of Court

An elected or appointed court officer responsible for maintaining the written records of the court and for supervising or performing the clerical tasks necessary to conduct judicial business.

Hit

An exact match in a database search.

Mental Illness

An impairment of the mental or emotional processes that exercise the conscious control of one's actions.

Scrape

An indentation in the case that may weaken the case wall; a scrape makes a layer of the case

Illinois v. Wardlow

An individual's presence in an area of expected criminal activity, standing alone, is not enough to support a reasonable, particularized suspicion that the person is committing a crime. However, officers are not required to ignore the relevant characteristics of a location in determining whether the circumstances are sufficiently suspicious to warrant further investigation.

Canvass

An inquiry of all possible sources of information surrounding the incident or crime scene, and happens most often when the suspect leaves the scene.

Civil Rights Violation

An unlawful interference with the fundamental rights of another person.

Exotic Animal

Animals not native to Florida.

Perfusion

Another term for pulse rate

Felony

Any criminal offense committed where the maximum penalty is death or incarceration in a state correctional facility for more than one year.

Misdemeanor

Any criminal offense with a maximum incarceration penalty in a county jail of up to one year.

Hearing Impairment

Any degree of hearing loss.

Child Pornography

Any image depicting a minor engaging in sexual conduct and may include children posing in a lewd and lascivious manner or performing a sexual act

Airborne Infection

Any infection spread from person to person through the air.

Victim

Any person or entity that suffers an injury as a result of a crime. The injury may involve physical harm, loss of money, loss of property, or damage to property.

Witness

Any person who has information about some element of a crime or about evidence or documents related to a crime.

Lewd and Lascivious Behavior

Any sexual act considered to be highly offensive and contrary to common standards of behavior.

Certifying a Citation

Anyone you cite for a violation that requires a mandatory hearing must sign and accept that the citation indicates a promise to appear.

Sexual Misconduct on Duty

Anything from asking for a date to engaging in sex on duty.

Gratuity

Anything of value intended to benefit the giver more than the receiver.

Services

Anything of value that results from someone's physical or mental labor or skill.

Property

Anything of value, tangible or intangible, personal, and can include services.

Cover

Anything that creates a bullet-resistant barrier between an officer and a threat.

Mirroring

Appropriately matching another person's speech patterns, gestures, body language, mannerisms or posture.

Responding to Interviewee Behaviors

Asking biographical questions (name, DOB, address) to pay attention to verbal and non-verbal cues.

Cornering a Veteran

Avoid doing this due to offensive and defensive training and possible a TBI or PTSD.

Emergency Move

Perform an ____ ____ when a patient is in immediate danger or the patient's location prevents providing care to them or another patient.

Community Expectations of Law Enforcement

Behave in a courteous, efficient and accessible manner.

Professionalism

Behavior that demonstrates good character and is marked by pride in yourself and your career.

Self-Stimulating Behaviors

Behaviors that may allow an overstimulated person to calm down in a stressful environment or can provide an under stimulated individual with sensory stimulation.

Recognizing Signs of Deception

Being aware of behavior and physioligical changes while asking questions.

Explicit Bias

Being aware of your dislike of certain groups of people, may be openly hateful.

Examples of Ethical Decision-making

Being honest, no bribes, obey laws, protecting civil rights

Culturally Responsive

Being open to learning about new cultures, respectful of cultural differences and the role it plays in the public's lives.

Fifth Amendment

Best known for prohibiting compelled self- incrimination. It also requires grand jury indictment for capital crimes and prohibits double jeopardy and deprivation of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.

Distal Circulation

Blood circulation below the injury site

Physically Incapacitated

Bodily impaired or handicapped and substantially limited in ability to resist or flee.

F. S. Chapter 316

Body of Florida law that governs traffic crash investigations.

Minimal Encouragers

Brief statements that indicate that you heard what the interviewee said and are inclined to hear more.

Execution of Search Warrant

Can be labor intensive and may require the coordination of multiple officers and agencies or be as simple as obtaining a DNA swab

Hearing

Can be used to identify sounds related to a crime.

Touch

Can help detect problems that affect vehicle operation and control. Examples include a vibrating steering wheel.

Smell

Can help identify dangerous or illegal substances.

Touch

Can help identify items during a search.

Burglary Tools

Can include screwdrivers, pliers, wrenches, pry bars, or spark plugs but can also be anything used to gain entry during a burglary.

Second-degree misdemeanor

Carries a maximum penalty of 60 days in a county jail and / or a fine of up to $500, or both.

First-degree misdemeanor

Carries a maximum penalty of one year in a county jail and a fine of up to $1,000, or both.

Lead Round Nose

Cartridge design that features a solid lead bullet with a round nose. Has medium velocity. Easily penetrates interior walls or hollow core doors then ricochets.

Whren v. US

Case law that stated the courts are not required to consider an officer's motive for stopping a vehicle as long as the officer had an objective basis for the stop. Because of this, pretext stops do not violate the Fourth Amendment.

Wheel Tracking

Causes the rear wheels to follow a tighter path than the path the front wheels traveled in a turn.

Exigent Circumstances

Certain emergencies that justify a warantless entry.

Domestic Violence

Chapter 741 defines this as any assault, aggravated assault, battery, aggravated battery, sexual assault, sexual battery, stalking, aggravated stalking, kidnapping, false imprisonment, or any criminal offense resulting in physical injury or death between one family/ household member and another.

Assault

Chapter 784 defines this as verbal or non-verbal threats

Florida statute format

Chapters, sections, subsections

Positive Self-Image

Command presence, Demeanor, Positive personal appearance

Reasons to Follow Chain of Command

Communication and decision making.

Signals

Communication system that use the word signal before numbers.

Services offered by Law Enforcement

Communication/ Interaction with public, protecting the public

Refuse

Competent adults have the right to ____ treatment for themselves and their children.

Round

Complete ammunition cartridge that contains all parts of ammunition; a military term meaning one single cartridge.

DUI citation

Complete the ____ ____ the same way as a UTC.

Inventory Search

Completed when the driver of a vehicle is arrested and an inventory must be completed to document all valuable property.

Interrogation

Consists of questioning initiated by law enforcement that is directly or indirectly intended to elicit an incriminating response.

Deep Corners

Corners that cannot be visually cleared from a doorway; must be checked first upon entry

Fourth Amendment

Prohibits unreasonable search and seizure and may require a warrant signed by an independent magistrate (judge).

Child Neglect

Occurs when a caregiver fails to provide food, nutrition, clothing, shelter, medicine, and medical services essential for the well-being of a child, regardless of the age.

Child Domestic Battery

Occurs when a child commits an act of violence against a parent, sibling, or other family member living in the home

VOP Hearing

Occurs when an officer accuses an offender of violating his/her probation and the offender contests the violation.

Seizure

Occurs when an officer affects a person's right to have or control their property, usually by physically taking it. Can also include a physical arrest or detention.

Search

Occurs when an officer intrudes into a place where a person has a resonable expectation of privacy.

Open Chest Injury

Occurs when penetration, such as a knife stab, opens the chest area.

Discrimination

Occurs when people choose to act on their prejudices.

Supression Hearing

Occurs when the defense files a motion to suppress or exclude certain testimony or evidence.

Police legitimacy

Occurs when the public views law enforcement as fair, morally obligated to administer the law and a legitimate authority of power.

Components of Corrections

County jails, juvenile detention facilities, federal/state prisons, probation, parole

Scott v. Harris

Court case stating injury to a fleeing driver will generally not be considered to be the result of unreasonable force.

City of Pinellas Park v. Brown

Court case stating law enforcement has a duty to protect the public when choosing to continue a pursuit.

County of Sacramento v. Lewis

Court case stating officers may be liable if their actions "shock the conscience" of the court.

Brower v. Inyo County

Court case stating seizure occurs when government termination of a person's movement is effected through means intentionally applied. (road block, traffic stop, etc.)

Graham v. Connor

Court case that said that the reasonableness of a particular use of force must be judged from the perspective of how a reasonable officer on the scene would respond, rather than from the 20/20 perspective of hindsight.

Court Reporter

Court officer who records, word for word, everything that is said as part of the trial

Protection Order

Court order meant to protect a person, business, company, establishment or entity from harm or harassment.

Writ of Replevin

Court order that allows them to take possession of collateral if a borrower defaults.

Exercise

Criminal justice officers should incorporate regular ____ programs in their daily schedules.

Requirements for Storing a Firearm

F.S.S. 790.174 states any firearm owner, who knows a minor is likely to gain access to the firearm, shall keep a firearm in a securely locked box or container or shall secure it with a trigger lock.

Potential Communication Barriers

Failing to explain actions, Failing to listen, Using profane language, Phrasing message in a disrespectful way,

Special Damages

Damages actually caused by the injury (i.e. loss of wages, medical bills, etc.)

Nominal Damages

Damages in name only. Awarded when the jury believes the plaintiff's rights were damaged but there's insufficient proof.

General Damages

Damages presumed from a defendants actions (i.e. pain and suffering, humiliation, emotional distress)

Venous Bleeding

Dark red blood flows steadily from a wound, indicating a severed or damaged vein.

Capillary Bleeding

Dark red blood oozes slowly from a wound, indicating damaged capillaries.

Tennessee v. Garner

Deadly force may not be used against an unarmed and fleeing suspect unless necessary to prevent the escape and unless the officer has probable cause to believe that the suspect poses a significant threat of death or serious injury to the officers or others.

More

Decision-making becomes ____ difficult in stressful situations.

Sentencing Hearing

Defense and prosecution present evidence/ testimony to recommend an appropriate sentence to the judge.

F.S.S. 776.06

Defines deadly force as any force that is likely to cause death or great bodily harm.

Arrest

Depriving a person of his or her liberty by legal authority. Considered a seizure under the 4th amendment.

How?

Describes how an incident occurred. Should explain the action of an event, as well as how the different objects were used.

Radio Protocol

Describes the customs and regulations for constructing .and transmitting radio messages

What?

Describes the information regarding the the nature of an incident.

Why?

Describes the reason for an incident and is sometimes called the motive.

Adverb

Describes, identifies or quantifies a verb, adjective or other adverb.

BOLO

Description of a vehicle or suspect, and any other information that would help identify the suspect.

Compensatory damages

Designed to compensate for the actual property damage, harm, or injury that the plaintiff suffers. Compensatory damages may include general and special damages.

Manner of Death

Determination of how the injury or disease leads to death

How to Pre-Plan for an Interview

Determine... 1. Who to interview and why, 2. Which order to interview multiple people, 3. What information do you need, 4. How to record the interview

Graham v. Connor

Determined that the reasonableness of a particular use of force must be judged from the perspective of how a reasonable officer on the scene would respond, without the benefit of hindsight.

Proactive Patrolling

Discourages criminal activity by having an officer regularly present in the area.

Preparing for a Testimony

Discuss the case with the state attorney's office to identify and understand areas of weakness relevant to testimony and to clarify any concerns the state attorney may have. Identify witness information and give it to the state attorney's office. Be prepared to answer questions on all relevant facts and to testify from memory.

Threat Recognition

Distinguish a deadly threat from a nondeadly threat.

Part Two (yellow)— Summons— Driver's Copy

Driver's copy. Reverse side notifies people who are charged with traffic infractions that do not require a court appearance of their options when answering the offense charged.

Must

Drivers ____ show their driver's license when asked by a law enforcement officer.

Less

Driving in reverse requires _____ steering input to produce a larger change in direction.

Four pillars of Procedural Justice

Fairness and consistency of rule application, Voice and Representation, Transparency and Openness of Process, Impartiality and Unbiased Decision-making

Conflict Management

Employing active listening, Understand human/ cutural diversity, and Practicing self-control

Statute subsection

Everything contained within outlines the actual crime itself.

Resources for Managing Mental Health

EAP, AA/ NA, Crisis Text Line, Suicide Prevention Line

Emergency Medical Technicians

EMT

Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS)

Electronically prevents the wheels from locking by rapidly applying and releasing the brake while allowing the driver to remain in control of the steering.

Elements of Assault

Elements of this crime are... 1. Intentionally and unlawfully threatened, by either word or act, to do violence to a victim. 2. At the time, appeared to have the ability to carry out the threat, and 3. Created in the mind of the victim a well-founded fear that violence was about to take place -A second degree misdemeanor

Mood Disorder

Emotional disturbances with long periods of sadness, excessive joyousness, or both.

Compassion fatigue

Emotional exhaustion that comes from helping others on a long-term basis.

State Law Enforcement

Enforce State Laws within the state

City/Municipal agencies

Enforce city ordinances and violations of laws within the city

County Law Enforcement

Enforce county laws and violations of laws within the county and civil process

Federal Law Enforcement

Enforce federal laws across state lines and within the state

Felony Battery

Enhancement to any battery charge when the suspect has one prior conviction and commits any subsequent battery.

Illinois v. Gates

Established the totality of circumstances standard for probable cause.

Three-Second Rule

Establishes a minimum safe following distance for all vehicles and provides space and time for the driver to react to potential hazards.

Double-Action Only

Every round fires double action with the hammer at rest against the rear of the slide. Every time the trigger is pulled to the rear, it manually cocks and releases the hammer to fire the pistol. As the slide cycles and goes forward, the hammer safety follows, coming to rest against the rear of the slide. The hammer never stays cocked. The weapon's trigger pull is the same each time.

Driver Information

Exchanging ______ ___________ is important, not only because the law requires it, but because it also provides insurance companies with the necessary information to process claims for damage.

Fourteenth Amendment

Expands the application of the Bill of Rights to state and local governments.

Explaining the Traffic Violation and the Driver's Options for Responding to a UTC

Explain the below... • Options for moving violations may include paying a civil penalty or requesting a hearing in traffic court. Some moving violations require a court appearance, and others allow attendance and completion of a Driver Improvement Course, if eligible. • Options for non- moving violations include paying a civil penalty or choosing a hearing in traffic court. • Criminal violations require a court appearance on a scheduled date.

Verb

Expresses action or state of being

Verbal Communication

Expressing ideas to others by using spoken words

Factors of Ethical Decision-Making

Fellow officers, the way you view your roles, personal issues.

Domestic Battery by Strangulation

Felony battery against a family or household member or someone with whom the victim is in a dating relationship. The abuser knowingly and intentionally impedes the victim's breathing or circulation.

3 Primary Responses to Stress

Fight, Flight or Freeze

Bill of Rights

First 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution

Point of View

First or Third Person. A report should be written in first person.

Physical Injury

Florida Chapter 39 defines as death, permanent or temporary disfigurement, or impairment of any body part.

Human Trafficking

Florida Chapter 787 defines this as the transporting, soliciting, recruiting, harboring, providing, enticing, maintaining, purchasing, patronizing, procuring, or obtaining another person for the purpose of exploitation of that person.

Reciprocity

Florida Statutes allow LEO to recognize licenses issued by another state as long as the recognize FL licenses

Seat Belt Usage

Florida law requires that the driver and anyone 18 or older in the front seat must be restrained. Anyone younger than 18 must be restrained or in a child restraint device anywhere in a motor vehicle.

HSMV 90010S

Florida traffic crash report which functions as a long form, short form or an update form

Tracer

Full metal-jacketed bullet with incendiary material in the casing of its base; when fired, the round can be visually tracked by the burning material. The bullet tip is normally painted red or orange. Having the same velocity as a full metal-jacketed bullet, it is most often used by the military in fully automatic weapons.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Full term for CPR

Condition Yellow

General awareness of possible threats

Telephone Scams

Generally misrepresent banks, government agencies, or relatives.

Pretrial Meeting

Gives the prosecutor an opportunity to clarify the facts of the case and deal with any inconsistencies.

Sound Judgement

Good communication, critical thinking, and _____ _____ are crucial for determining when you should use force and when you should try other methods to resolve conflict.

F.S.S. Chapter 776

Governs all use of force by criminal justice officers. Even though the statutes refer to law enforcement officers, the legal guidelines regarding use of force apply equally to corrections and correctional probation officers.

Second Amendment

Guarantees the right to bear arms.

Sixth Amendment

Guarantees the right to: a speedy and public trial; a fair jury; an attorney; a chance to confront witnesses; be informed of the nature of the charges.

Routine Stress

Happens on a daily basis and is a normal part of life

Violation of Probation (VOP)

Happens when an offender does not abide by all conditions ordered by the court.

Hearing

Helps locate the source of sounds that may indicate a problem with a vehicle, a suspicious incident, or a crime.

Constrict

High-stress situations can cause vocal cords to _________ and lead to a higher pitch in the voice and sometimes cracking or garbled sounds result.

Watchman Grip

Hold the flashlight in your support hand with the illuminating end projecting from the index finger side of your hand. Your thumb controls the on / off switch with a side- mounted switch near the front of the flashlight; your little or ring finger controls it with a side- mounted switch near the back of the flashlight.

Law Enforcement/ Tactical Grip

Hold the flashlight in your support hand, with the illuminating end projecting from your little finger on the side of your hand. Your thumb controls a rear- mounted switch; your index finger controls a side- mounted switch near the back of the flashlight; your little or ring finger controls a side- mounted switch near the back of the flashlight.

Courtesy

How you display professional conduct or show respect for others.

Criminal Law

Identifies behaviors deemed unacceptable by society. Also sets punishments for those behaviors.

Constitutional Law

Identifies the powers and limitations of each branch of government: legislative, executive, and judicial.

Urine Test

If a breath test result is below a 0.08 and you have probable cause to believe the person is impaired by substances other than alcohol, request a ____ ____.

Driving Under the Influence (DUI)

If a person is driving or in actual physical control of a vehicle while impaired by alcohol or certain chemical or controlled substances to the extent that the person's normal faculties are impaired.

Actual Physical Control

If a person is physically in or on the vehicle and has the capability to operate the vehicle, regardless of whether the person is actually operating the vehicle at the time.

Property

If a traffic crash exposes driver or passenger ________, such as phones, purses, wallets, or anything that was in their vehicles, take a moment to return them to the motorist or secure them in a vehicle.

Destruction of Evidence Exception

If an officer has probable cause to believe that contraband or evidence is in immediate danger of being destroyed, the officer does not need to obtain a search warrant before seizing the contraband or evidence.

Implied Consent

If an officer lawfully arrests a driver for driving or being in actual physical control of a motor vehicle while under the influence, the driver must submit to an approved chemical or physical test to determine the alcohol content or the presence of a chemical or controlled substance in their breath, urine, or blood.

Blood Draw

If possible, request the driver of the vehicle to submit to a voluntary ____ ____, or obtain a warrant. A person does not have to be under arrest for you to request this test under implied consent.

Same

If the effects of the prescribed medication impair the person's ability to drive, treat the driver the ____ way you would treat someone who is impaired by illegal drugs or alcohol.

one year/ administrative hearing

If you arrest a driver for DUI while operating or in actual physical control of a motor vehicle or a CMV, the driver may lose their commercial driver's license (CDL) for ____ ____, subject to an ____ ____.

onset of nystagmus prior to 45°

If you observe nystagmus, hold the position and confirm that nystagmus is distinct and sustained.

Protecting a Latent Print Location

If you think an environmental issue, such as rain, may damage a latent print, collect the print before it becomes damaged or protect the item from the environmental factor. You may have to cover, move the item (after documentation), or even collect it as evidence for later processing by the crime lab.

Breath Control

Important in the aiming process. If you breathe while trying to aim, the rise and fall of your chest moves the handgun vertically.

Recklessness

Imposes criminal liability on defendants when they did not intend for a behavior to cause the resulting harm.

Targeted Violence

Incidents of violence involving an identifiable person of concern (a perpetrator) who possesses the intent and capability to cause physical harm to an identifiable target (an intended victim).

Vice Crimes

Include offenses, such as alcohol and tobacco violations, gambling, and prostitution.

Community Partnerships

Increases understanding and trust between law enforcement agencies and the community.

.02% or higher

It is unlawful for a person younger than 21, who has a blood- alcohol level or breath- alcohol level of ____ ____ ____, to drive or be in actual physical control of a motor vehicle.

Slang

Informal, non-standard words used by regional or specific groups.

Information Not to be Released to Public

Information About... 1. Evidence 2. Potential Witnesses 3. Any aspect of the crime

Vertical Communication

Information from the agency head that flows down through supervision levels.

Hearsay Evidence

Information received from people that is not easily substantiated.

Lateral Communication

Information spread across a level of the organization within the chain of command.

Punitive damages

Intended to punish the defendant for their act and to warn others from doing the same act.

Consequences of Engaging in Sexual Harassment

Internal discipline (retraining, loss of pay, termination) or the CJSTC can revoke certification.

Primary Stage

Interview stage that gives the majority of information from an interviewee.

10 Core Competencies

Introduction, Appropriate Questions, Active Listening, Self-De-escalation, Non-Verbal Communication, Audience Consideration, Implicit Bias, Self-Awareness, Procedural Justice, Appropriate Conclusion

Emergency Scene Exception

Involves a situation in which officers may make a warrantless entry in order to ensure their own safety or that of the public.

Stalking

Involves unwanted and repeated attention, contact, or harrassment by the suspect towards the victim.

Rifled Slug

Is a single, hollow lead bullet that weighs from 7/8 to 1 1/8 ounce. It is. 72 caliber with an effective range of approximately 100 yards.

Reduce, enlarge

It is easier to ______ the size of a perimeter than to _______ it.

Importance of wearing reflective clothing

It is extremely important, while directing traffic or investigating a crash scene, that you remain visible to oncoming traffic. Wear a reflective vest

Headstamp

Markings found on the head of ammunition that indicate caliber or gauge and identify manufacturer.

Instrumentalities of the Crime

Items used by the defendant to commit a crime

Stereotyping

Judging a group of people who are different from you based on your own and others opinions.

13 Years Old

Juveniles who start offending when they are younger than ________ are more likely to become serious and violent offenders.

Proper Storage for Ammunition

Keep your ammunition in a cool place where moisture is minimal. Do not use cartridges that have been water soaked, as seeping water may affect the primers. Avoid keeping ammunition in locations where there is a lot of heat, such as inside a closed vehicle, or inside a box in a sunny location.

Uttering

Knowingly exhibiting or publishing a document or attempting to cash a check by claiming the check and the endorsement are real.

US Criminal Justice System

Law Enforcement Court System Corrections

Ordinances

Laws enacted by a city or county government. Apply only within the jurisdiction of the governmental entity that enacted them.

Statutory Law

Laws include criminal, civil, administrative, and regulatory laws.

Vicarious Liability

Legal responsibility placed on one person for the acts of another.

3 Branches of Government

Legislative, Executive, Judicial

Crash Privilege

Lets drivers them provide information about the crash to law enforcement without worrying that it will be used against them in a criminal case.

Life felony

Life imprisonment, $15,000 fine, or both

Preposition

Links words and phrases and provides temporal, spacial and logical relationships.

L.E.E.D.

Listen, Explain Equity and Dignity

Who?

Lists and describes everyone who may have information about what happened or who was involved in an incident.

Ways to Prevent Communication Barriers

Maintain eye contact, Brief sentences, Clear directions, Open ended questions, Treat everyone with respect.

Civil Standby

Maintain the peace through officer presence while serving a court order or responding to a call for service.

Trauma-Informed Approach

Maintaining a demeanor that is reassuring, empathetic, and non-judgemental. Offering compassion and being patient with the victim.

Mentally Defective

Means a mental disease or disorder that renders a person temporarily or permanently incapable of judging their conduct.

Family or Household Member

Means spouses, former spouses, persons related by blood or marriage, persons who live together as a family, or who have lived together in the past as a family, and people who are the parents of a child in common.

Mentally Incapacitated

Means that a person is temporarily incapable of judging or controlling their own conduct due to the influence of a narcotic, anesthetic, or intoxicating substance administered without their consent, or due to any other act committed upon them without their consent.

Due Process

Means that laws must be applied fairly and equally to all people, including a person accused of a crime.

Breach of Duty

Means that the person unreasonably failed in the duty they were obligated to perform.

Custody

Means the person is deprived of freedom in a significant way.

Physically Helpless

Means unconscious, asleep, or otherwise unable to indicate willingness to act.

Pounds per Square Inch (PSI)

Measure of tire inflation

Single-Action

Mechanism performs the single action of releasing the hammer or striker. Once the first round is fired, the automatic movement of the slide resets the mechanism for each subsequent shot.

Requirements to Become a Certified Law Enforcement Officer

Meet all minimum requirements, Completion of BRT, Passing SOCE, being employed by a LEO agency

Consequences of Not Following CoC

Miscommunication or Insubordination

Cry for Help

Most initial suicide attempts do not result in death and are often a ____________________.

Voluntary Muscles

Muscles used for deliberate acts, such as chewing, bending, lifting, and running

Traumatic Stress

Occurs during major events like war incident of assault where personal safety or the safety of others is in danger.

Noun

Names, person, places, things, actions, qualities and beliefs.

Fatal Funnel

Narrow spaces that restrict movement; these are typically doorways, hallways, and windows

Professionalism Helping Communicate Effectively

Needing the public's trust, respect and support.

Omission

Neglecting to perform what the law or duty requires

Criminal Liability

Occurs if an individual is found guilty of committing a crime and is sentenced to incarceration or other penalties.

Acts Justified Under the Law

Occurs in situations where case law or statutory law provides a defense for an officer's actions

Nolo Contendre

Neither admitting or denying responsibility for charges but agreeing to accept the punishment.

Sexual Battery

Non-consensual oral, anal, or vaginal penetration by, or union with, the sexual organ of another or the anal or vaginal penetration of another by any object; however it does not include any act done for legitimate medical purposes.

Birdshot

Normally used for bird hunting or practice; this shell has a load of small diameter lead or steel shot pellets. When fired at close range, these pellets can be dangerous and cause injury.

Responses to Harassment

Notify immediate supervisor, either formally or informally

Sexting

Occurs as a crime when a minor uses a computer or other electronic device, such as a cell phone, to transmit or distribute a nude photograph or video to another minor.

Pitch

Occurs during acceleration or braking and causes the transfer of a vehicle's weight from the front to the rear, or the rear to the front.

Abuse of an elderly person or disabled adult

Occurs when the suspect knowingly or willfully subjects an elderly person or disabled adult to behavior that could reasonably be expected to result in the physical or psychological harm or death of the victim.

Neglect of an elderly person or a disabled adult

Occurs when the suspect willfully failed to provide the care, supervision, and services necessary to maintain the physical or mental health of an elderly person or disabled adult, or failed to make a reasonable effort to protect them from abuse, neglect, or exploitation by another person.

Aggravated Stalking

Occurs when the suspect willfully, maliciously, and repeatedly follows, harasses, or cyberstalks the victim and makes a credible threat to the victim.

Exploitation of Elderly Person or Disabled Adult

Occurs when the suspect... 1. Takes, or attempts to take the victim's property, funds, or assets, or 2. Abuses a special relationship between them and the victim that results in an unauthorized seizure or other qualifying social, financial. or physical hardship or neglect suffered by the victim.

Roll

Occurs when turning, shifts the vehicle's weight from side to side.

Flail Chest Injury

Occurs when two or more adjacent ribs are fractured in two or more places and become free floating.

Consensual encounter

Occurs when you have voluntary contact with a person and they are free to go at any time.

Role of CJSTC

Officer certification, employment, training, maintenance of records and officer conduct

Acts Done in Good Faith

Officers must be faithful to their duty and honestly intend to avoid taking undue advantage of others. Acts done in good faith are without malice, ill will, or the intent to unjustly harm anyone.

Deposition

Official court proceeding in which everyone but the defendant provide separate testimonies before the trial.

Prostitution

Often associated with adult entertainment venues, massage parlors, escort services, and certain dating sites.

Crisis Intervention

One of your most important roles as a law enforcement officer. You have the duty to recognize, respond and intervene.

Laceration

Open wound that varies in depth and width

Evisceration

Open wound where the organs protrude

Sexual Activity

Oral, anal, or vaginal penetration by, or union with, the sexual organ of another or the anal or vaginal penetration of another by any other object.

Requirements for Completing Basic Recruit Training

Passing score of 80%, proficiency in DUI traffic stops, proficiency in high liabilities, participation in the physical fitness program.

Tense

Past, present or future. A report should be written in past _____.

Examples of Unethical Behavior

Perjury by false written declaration, false official statements, false reports to authorities.

Public Information Officer

Person responsible for interfacing with the public and the media

Stress

Physical and emotional reactions to an event or situation.

704 Diamonds

Placed on the outside of buildings where HAZMAT is stored... • blue: health hazards • red: flammability hazards • yellow: reactivity • white: other (provides information on any special hazards of the material) high-risk and lowrisk senses • pressure release • smoke or fire • liquids, gas leaks, or vapor cloud • condensation on pipelines or containers • chemical reactions • mass casualties

Gambling

Playing or engaging in a game of chance at any place, by any device, for money or other thing of value.

Reasons for Officer Discipline Process

Pleading nolo contendre to any felony or any misdemeanor involving perjury or false statement Poor moral character Commits any felony act regardless or prosecution Tests positive for controlled substance Excessive force Sexual Harassment Engaging in sex while on duty

Importance of Following Agency Policy

Policies are created to set specific rules within the bounds of the law and jurisdiction.

Contact Patch

Portion of a tire that touches the road surface.

Bullet

Portion of the cartridge that becomes a projectile when in flight.

Judge

Presides over the court room

How to position your vehicle at a crash scene

Position your vehicle to protect the scene, prevent additional crashes, and redirect the flow of traffic. Park your vehicle in a safe location visible to oncoming traffic, away from hazards, and to avoid damaging any evidence.

Benefits of Traffic Enforcement

Prevents or Solves... • criminals fleeing crime scenes • uninsured motorists • human trafficking • terrorist activity • car theft and carjacking • people with outstanding warrants and escaped prisoners • drivers with suspended licenses • abused, kidnapped, and runaway children • illegal weapons • drug use or trafficking • minors in possession of alcohol • impaired drivers under the influence of alcohol or chemical or controlled substances

Two Parties to a Crime

Principal in the First Degree, an Accessory after the fact

DUI Detection Process

Process begins when you first suspect that a driver may be impaired and ends when you determine there is or is not sufficient probable cause to arrest the person for a DUI offense.

No Contact Order

Prohibits any communication, word or written, with the victim or person named in the order, physical or violent contact with the victim, or presents within 500 feet of the victims residence, vehicle, or workplace, or a specific place of the victim or persons names in the order visit regularly.

Eighth Amendment

Prohibits excessive bails and fines and cruel and unusual punishment.

Qualified Immunity

Protects government officials from liability for civil damages insofar as their conduct does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional rights of which a reasonable person would have known

First Amendment

Protects the freedom of speech, press, peaceful assembly, and religion.

Front Sight

Provides a means to bring the firearm into alignment for accuracy; located on the slide's front

Department of Elder Affairs

Provides direct services to the elderly through its Division of Statewide Community-Based Services

Baker Act

Provides people who have a mental illness, or who may harm or neglect themselves or others, with an emergency service and temporary detention for psychiatric evaluation and voluntary or involuntary short-term inpatient treatment.

Accessory Rail

Provides space for lighting and sighting devices

Reaction Time

React and take appropriate action. You must take some type of appropriate action to neutralize a deadly threat, for example, firing a round at the target.

Condition Orange

Recognition that a threat exists

Handgun

Refers to either the semiautomatic pistol or the revolver.

Off the Record

Refers to information not recorded in an official document.

Withdrawl

Refers to the physical and mental symptoms that occur after chronic use of a drug is reduced or stopped.

Acting within the scope of employment

Refers to the range of reasonable and foreseeable activities that an employee does while carrying out the employer's business.

Ways to Reduce Stress

Regular Exercise, Enough Sleep, Low fat, sugar and caffeine and alcohol diet, diet rich in veggies, fruit and water

Placards/ Labels

Regulations govern the use of ____ or ____ on vehicles and facilities that store or transport hazardous materials.

Problem Solving

Relationships with the community help with ________ should a crime occur.

Self-Awareness

Reminding yourself that individuals are people too and likely has similar wants and needs.

How Does Trauma Impact the Brain

Repeated exposure to traumatic stress floods the brain with stress hormones even when you are not in a stressful situation. Can lead to illness, anxiety and substance abuse.

Defense Attorney

Represents the defendant and ensures the defendant is protected according to the law

Prosecutor

Represents the governments case. Responsible for formally filing charges.

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Requires law enforcement to advise a suspect in custody of certain constitutional rights prior to questioning.

Reactive Patrolling

Responding to or dealing with a crime after it occurs.

Civil Liability

Responsibility for a wrongful act or an omission that injures a person or property.

Closed Chest Injury

Results from blunt trauma to the chest area. It damages internal organs and can cause internal bleeding.

Slide

Results from loss of both rolling friction and traction.

Skid

Results when the wheels lock and do not turn while the vehicle is moving.

Consequences of Disclosing Confidential Information

Risk ongoing investigations, agency and CJSTC discipline.

A Person

Robbery is a crime against...

Search Incident to Arrest

Search conducted to disarm a suspect to take them into custody and to preserve evidence for later use at trial.

Strategies for Conflict Resolution

Separate parties, Gather ALL information, Explain your actions, Act with dignity and allow them to keep theirs.

Vision

Supplied 90% to 95% of incoming data to a driver and helps with detecting and avoiding hazards.

Impacts of U.S. Constitution on Policiing

Sets parameters within which the government operates and establishes laws. It defines your authority to act.

PTSD

Severe anxiety disorder that develops after experiencing an extremely stressful event.

Juvenile Sexual Abuse

Sexual behavior a minor engages in that occurs with the consent of the other person, without the other person's being in a position of equality with the minor, or because of coercion.

Acuity

Sharpness of vision

Acute Stress

Short term stress

Clear and Plain Language

Should only allow one interpretation of each sentence's meaning.

Determining the jurisdiction of the traffic crash

Should the first harmful event occur outside of your jurisdiction, stay at the crash scene to protect the public and the scene until the proper agency arrives.

SAMPLE

Signs and symptoms—What can you see? What does the patient feel? Allergies—Does the patient have allergies? Does the patient wear medical alert jewelry? Medications—Is the patient taking medication; when was the last dose? Past—What other medical problems may contribute to the patient's current condition? Last oral intake—When did the patient last eat or drink? Events—What events led to this incident?

Six-Second Rule

Similar to the three-second rule, but doubles the time and space under poor road conditions or in bad weather.

Person of Interest

Someone involved in a criminal investigation who has not been arrested or formally accused of a crime.

Poor Balance or Slurred Speech

Someone with a hearing impairment may have these two symptoms.

Mere suspicion

Sometimes described as a hunch or gut feeling based on law enforcement training and knowledge.

Public Place

Somewhere the public has a right to be and to go, such as a grocery store or hospital.

Cause of Death

Specific injury or disease that leads to death

Condition Red

Specific threat identified and appropriate actions taken

Shot

Spherical pellets of various sizes, usually made of lead.

Ethics

Standards of conduct based on the principles of right and wrong.

F.S.S. 776.07

Statue establishing a provision in reference to actual escape from custody by a LEO or a correctional facility.

F.S.S. 790.25

Statue that lists lawful reasons and persons with concealed weapons.

Wheel Tracking to Avoid an Object

Steer the front of the vehicle wide off the object and line the rear wheels up with the previous track. This should avoid striking the hazard with the rear wheels.

10 steps for managing a crash investigation

Step 1: Approach the traffic crash scene safely. Step 2: Assess the scene of the crash. Step 3: Secure a safe environment at the crash scene. Step 4: Provide first aid to injured people, if necessary. Step 5: Gather traffic crash information. Step 6: Investigate to determine how and why the crash occurred. Step 7: Complete driver exchange of information. Step 8: Take enforcement action. Step 9: Return the scene to normal as quickly as possible, if appropriate. Step 10: Document the crash.

Interference with Custody

Suspect knowingly or recklessly took, or enticed, or aided, abetted, hired, or otherwise procured someone else to take, or entice, a minor or incompetent person from a parent, guardian, public agency, or other lawful custodian with malicious intent to deprive the other person of their right to custody.

Probable Cause (Arrest Affidavit)

Sworn written statement by LEO establishing facts and circumstances to justify an arrest.

Alpha Numeric Code

System combines letters and numbers that may include officer call signs or vehicle license plate numbers.

Phonetic-Alphabet

System uses the letters of the English alphabet to identify letters in voice communication

Numeric or 10 Code

System uses the number 10 before other numbers that represent specific activities.

Reload

Take proper cover and ___.

Privileged Communication

The Florida Evidence Code recognizes that the need to protect communications within certain relationships is more important than the admissibility of evidence obtained from those communications.

Berkemer v. McCarty

The Supreme Court ruled that... • a Miranda warning applies to interrogations involving minor traffic offenses, • routine questioning of a driver during a traffic stop is not an interrogation

DeShaney v. Winnebago County Department of Social Services

The U.S. Supreme Court stated that an officer or agency has no duty to guarantee a person's safety unless a special relationship exists between the police and that person.

Emotional Intelligence

The ability to identify and cope with their own emotions while also doing the same for those around them.

Depth Perception

The ability to judge distance and perceive space to determine how far away an object is.

Situational Awareness

The ability to pay attention to what is going on around you.

Peripheral Vision

The ability to see above, below, and to the sides.

Night Vision

The ability to see clearly in darkness.

Empathy

The ability to understand and care about the emotions of others.

Homicide

The act of one human taking the life of another.

Observation

The act of recognizing an occurrence using your senses by noticing people, things, or circumstances.

Actual Possession

The controlled substance in in the hands of or on the suspect, or in a container in the hands of or on the suspect, or so close as to be within ready reach and is under the control of the suspect.

Danger Zone

The area within the reactionary gap

Cover Officer

The backup officer on the call is called the ________ officer and is strictly responsible for officer safety concerns at the scene.

Stigma

The belittling and disapproval of people because of certain characteristics they have.

Case Law

The body of law formed by the decisions of the court system (the judicial branch). These court- imposed decisions are based on the court's interpretation of constitutional provisions, and they clarify the meaning of a Florida statute or a Florida rule (F.A.C.) as applied to a specific set of facts.

Administrative Law

The body of law that establishes the operations and procedures of governmental agencies. It governs the internal operations of these agencies and ensures that they do not abuse their power.

Resilience

The capacity to effectively cope with stress, trauma and other serious trauma.

Apex

The center point of any curve.

Lividity

The color change from the settling of the blood due to gravity, often black and blue.

Criminal Intent

The conscious decision someone makes to deliberately engage in an unlawful or negligent act, or to harm someone else.

Baliff

The court officer whose duties are to keep order in the courtroom and to maintain physical custody of the jury.

Voluntary Examination

The decision by an individual to willingly seek a psychiatric evaluation for symptoms that may be due to mental illness.

Radius

The distance from the center of a circle to the outside.

Rim

The edge on the base of a cartridge case that stops the progress of the case into the chamber.

Communication

The exchange of messages, verbally and non-verbally.

Negligence

The failure to behave with the level of care that a reasonably prudent person would have exercised under the same circumstances.

Substantive Due Process

The fair and consistent enforcement of the law.

Law Enforcement Responding to Crowds

The first Amendment protects the right to PEACEFUL assembly. Law enforcement will respond when the assembly becomes a public disturbance.

Civil Law

The legal action that a person takes to resolve a non- criminal private dispute with another person.

Support Hand

The hand that assists the shooting hand.

Shooting Hand

The hand you use to shoot the firearm

Scoville Heat Units (SHU)

The heat value of capsicum

Substance Use

The intake of a substance that can lead to substance abuse.

Specific Intent

The intent to commit a crime and the intent to deprive an owner of something permanently.

Fraud

The intentional falsification of the truth to induce another person or entity to part with something of value or to surrender their legal right to it.

Tunnel Vision

The narrowing of the field of view during a stressful event such as a vehicle pursuit, foot chase, or armed confrontation.

Wad

The only part not found in any other centerfire cartridge; this is used to seal/confine gases; can be made of plastic or compressed cardboard

Chain of Command

The order of authority within an organization.

Suspect/detainee.

The person believed to have committed a crime. Identified by direct observation, through witness statements, the suspect's own statement, evidence processed during investigation

Slide Lock

allows quick and simple fieldstripping of the pistol

Self-Talk

The practice of talking to yourself as you anticipate, encounter and evaluate an event.

Contact Officer

The primary officer on the call is the _________ officer.

Carroll Doctrine

The principle that an officer may search a vehicle or other mobile conveyance without a warrant if there is probable cause to believe that the vehicle contains contraband or evidence of criminal activity

Procedural Due Process

The procedures that must be followed to protect a person's rights during a criminal justice process.

Objective Reasonableness

The process for evaluating the appropriateness of an officer's response to a subject's resistance.

Note-Taking

The process of writing down information concerning an incident, event, activity or statement.

Self-Help Reposession

The process where a creditor may take possession of the collateral after default without a court order, if the repossession can be done without a breach of peace.

False Imprisonment

The suspect forcibly by threat, or secretly confined, abducted, imprisoned, or restrained the victim against their will without lawful authority.

Duty Life

The recommended time (normally expressed in months) for which you can expect ammunition to be reliable when used on duty.

Shelf Life

The recommended time (normally expressed in years) for which you can expect ammunition to be reliable, from manufacture time to issue time. Duty life is factored into shelf life, which also depends on care and protection of the ammunition.

Scope of Legal Searches

The scope of constitutional searches is limited to the items being searched.

Closed Fracture

The skin at the break site remains intact.

Open Fracture

The skin at the injury site is broken, and the bone may protrude through the skin.

Curtilage

The space of ground and outbuildings immediately surrounding a structure.

Closing Stage

The stage that concludes the interview. Summarizes and reviews all information for a report.

Warm-Up Stage

The stage that establishes rapport and builds understanding with the interviewee.

00 buckshot (double-aught buckshot)

The standard 2 3/4-inch shell contains nine .33 caliber lead pellets. The three-inch magnum shell contains twelve .32 caliber pellets. The spread pattern from a 20-inch barrel is approximately one-inch spread per yard.

Resonable suspicion

The standard of justification needed to support an investigative stop.

Sight

The starting point sense for observation.

Firm and Relaxed

The steering wheel should be held with a _______, _________ grip.

Rigor Mortis

The stiffening of the muscles after death

Extradition

The surrender of a fugitive to another state or nation that has jurisdiction.

Kidnapping

The suspect forcibly by threat or secretly confined, abducted, imprisoned, or restrained the victim against their will, without lawful authority, with the intent to do... 1. Hold the victim for ransom/reward 2. Commit or help in commission of a felony 3. Inflict bodily harm 4. Interfere with performance of any government or political function.

Disorderly Intoxication

The suspect is intoxicated and endangers the safety of another person or property, or was intoxicated or drank alcohol in a public place or public transportation, and caused a public disturbance.

Caster Effect

The tendency for a vehicle traveling forward to straighten from a turn when the driver releases the steering wheel.

Oversteer

The tendency of a vehicle to steer into a sharper turn than the driver intends, sometimes with a loss of traction of the rear to the outside.

Understeer

The tendency of a vehicle to turn less sharply than the driver intends.

Impound

The towing of a vehicle at the direction of law enforcement.

Yaw

The transfer of a vehicle's weight causing an end-for-end motion resulting in the vehicle turning 180 degrees on a horizontal plane.

Implicit Bias

The unconscious belief we have about groups of people.

Burglary

The unlawful entry into any structure with the intent to commit a crime inside.

Identity Theft

The unlawful possession or use of a person's identifying information to commit acts of fraud, such as apply for credit or loans, acquire services, establish or take over accounts, and commit crimes.

Credit Card Fraud

The unlawful use of a credit card to obtain property, goods, or services.

Coercion

The use of exploitation, bribes, threats of force, or intimidation to gain cooperation or compliance.

Criminal Mischief

The willful and malicious destruction of property belonging to another person. Can include injury or damage to property such as graffiti or other vandalism.

The Articles of the Constitution

Their purpose is to form a contract between the people of the United States and the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of the U.S. government. They spell out the responsibilities and authority of the three branches of government.

Militias

These people refuse to recognize the authority of municipal, state, or federal governments. Many believe... 1. The 2nd Amendment is the cornerstone to the Constitution 2. Only well-armed people can enforce their own rights 3. Any form of gun regulation is a denial of their rights 4. The 16th Amendment was authorized through fraud.

Dispatchers

These people transmit calls, receive calls for assistance from officers, broadcast information about wanted and missing persons, check records, and preform many other tasks to assist patrol officers.

Juvenile Transports

These types of arestees must be transported out of sight and sound of adult arestees, unless they are co-defendants.

Components of Effective Communication

Think first, Deliver message, Allow time for understanding, Assess response

Silver Alert

This alert must have the following information... 1. Missing person is 60 years old or older 2. LEO must conclude the disappearance poses a credible threat to the person's welfare 3. A description of the vehicle AND license plate # 4. All information must be verified 5. All information must be entered into FCIC and a BOLO must be entered.

Sexual Battery Brochure

This brochure includes... 1. Definition of sexual battery 2. Rights of victims and compensation, resources and services available to them 3. Possible compensation for medical care 4. What evidence may be collected

Legal Rights and Remedies Brochure

This brochure includes... 1. Definitions of domestic violence, sexual violence, dating violence, repeat violence, and stalking 2. What Florida's domestic violence law means 3. Victim information that is exempt from disclosure 4. What to do if the abuser violates an injunction 5. Who to contact for more information

Victim's Right Brochure

This brochure includes... 1. The availability of crime victim compensation 2. Crisis intervention, counseling services 3. Role of the victim in the criminal justice process 4. Stages of the criminal justice process 5. The rights of the victim to be informed, present, and heard during the process.

Informed Consent

This is a person's agreement to allow something to happen, made with full knowledge of the facts, benefits, risks, and alternatives. The information given to the patient must be fully understood by the patient or their legal guardian.

Expressed Consent

This is consent that is clearly and unmistakably stated or written by the patient or legal guardian.

Implied Consent

This is the assumption that a person has given permission for an action because of their actions, rather than explicitly expressed it.

First Appearance Hearing

This must occur within 24 hours of the arrest; the judge appoints counsel if the defendant qualifies and desires it. The judge reviews the probable cause affidavit and other information to decide if probable cause exists that the defendant committed the alleged offense.

Part One (white)— Complaint— Retained by Court

This part serves as a sufficient complaint for both civil and criminal cases. Judges and clerks use the reverse side of Part One to document court actions. Submit a citation to the clerk of the court within five days after you issue the citation to a driver.

Non-Contributing Traffic Violation

This violation has no direct bearing on the cause of the traffic crash; you discover it during the investigation.

Non-Traffic Violation

This violation is a criminal offense discovered during the traffic crash investigation.

Contributing traffic violation

This violation is a direct cause or contribution to the traffic crash itself, such as a vehicle running a red light and striking another vehicle.

Preparing for a Pretrial Meeting

Thoroughly review all the available case documentation. Discuss the case with the appropriate agency personnel, such as your supervisor, watch commander, or crime scene and evidence personnel. Be prepared to discuss who, what, when, where, how, and why facts of the case, all evidence, and any other information relevant to your involvement in the case.

Condition Black

Threat mismanaged due to panicked stress response

Strategies for Taking Effective Notes

Timing (should be done ASAP), Spelling (correct names, addresses, details), Abbreviations (Adopt a consistent system), Reviewing (Make sure you have all information)

Cyberstalk

To engage in a course of conduct to communicate, or cause the communication, directly or indirectly, words, images, or language by using electronic mail or other electronic communications causing substantial emotional distress to that person, and serving no legitimate purpose.

Possession

To have personal charge of or exercise the right of ownership, management or control over the thing being possessed. May be actual, constructive, or joint.

Loitering or Prowling

To linger or hang around in a public area without any apparent purpose for being there in a place, at a time, or in a manner not usual for law-abiding people, and under circumstances that raise alarm or immediate concern for the safety of people or property in the vicinity.

Cognitive Interviewing

Trying to recreate the event, either physically or psychologically, to enhance memory recall.

Counter Steering

Turning the vehicle's front tires in the desired direction to regain traction.

Joint Possession

Two or more suspects may jointly possess an article, exercising control over it. In that case, each of those suspects is in possession of that article.

Investigative stop

Type of encounter if the officer has reasonable suspicion that the person stopped was committing, is committing, or is about to commit a law violation.

Intellectual Disability

Types of developmental disabilities that are lifelong conditions characterized by slow intellectual development.

Directing People to Assist

Typically during emergencies... 1. Give clear specific instructions 2. Do not direct person to break law 3. Do not direct person to exceed ability 4. Do not direct person to compromise safety

Condition White

Unaware that a threat exists

Bias

Unfair treatment and attitude towards a specific group of people.

Prejudice

Unjustified and baseless attitude toward a person only because of their membership to a social group.

Sexual Harassment

Unwelcome sexual advances, request for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature

Verbal Commands

Use ____ ____ to identify yourself and direct the subject. Give loud, clear, and concise commands, saying, for example, "Police! Don't move!"

Point Shooting

Use the ___ ___ technique when you cannot use the sights on your weapon or you have no time to align the sight properly.

Syringe Grip

Use this grip with a small (4-6 inch) flashlight with a rear switch and a ring around the grip to give your index and middle fingers a hold. Hold the flashlight in your support hand between your index and middle fingers. Pull the switch back against the base of your hand or the knuckles of your shooting hand, depending on the technique used.

Smell

Used to detect unusual odor while operating a vehicle.

Chain of Custody

Used to document everyone who handled the evidence as well as when, why, and what changes, if any, were made to it.

Scale or Identifier

Used to establish the original positions and draw attention to relevant objects or evidence

Quotation Marks

Used to show a person's exact words.

Apostrophe

Used to show possession or create a contraction.

Comma

Used to... 1. Separate 2 sentences joined by a conjunction 2. An introductory clause 3. Separate items in a series of 3 or more. 4. Between 2 or more adjectives 5. To separate non-essential phrases

Insubordination

Violating the CoC by failing to follow orders.

Dating Violence

Violence between people who have or have had a continuing and significant relationship of a romantic or intimate nature. Must have occurred in the past 6 months.

Example of Enhanced Penalities

Violent offenses committed against law enforcement officers, correctional officers, state attorneys, assistant state attorneys, and judges

Rifle/ Carbine

Uses ammo 223 Remington, 9 mm and 10 mm

Revolver

Uses ammo sizes .38 Special & .357 Magnum

Semiautomatic Pistol

Uses ammo sizes .40 Caliber, .45 Caliber, 9mm, and 10mm.

Phishing

Uses fake digital communication that mirrors a legitimate business to obtain personal and financial information to steal identities, bank accounts and credit availability.

Jargon

Vocabulary that only has meaning to people in a certain profession.

Elements of Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication

Voice and tone, General appearance, Posture, Body movement, Facial expressions, Touch, Smell, Personal space, Eye contact.

Administrative Search

Warrantless search based on a setting or special circumstance. Conducted for regulatory purposes. i.e. school premises.

Transferred Intent

When a crime is intended to harm one person and inadvertently causes a second person to be hurt instead. The crime charged must bear some relationship to the actions of the defendant.

Sheltered Homeless Person

When a person stays in a shelter or transitional housing until they find stable, permanent housing of their own.

General Intent

When a suspect intentionally commits an illegal act prohibited by law without considering the results of the illegal act.

Dealing in Stolen Property

When a suspect sells, transfers, distributes, or otherwise disposes of stolen property knowing or having reason to know that the property is in fact stolen.

Color of Law

When an officer acts or purports to act in the performance of official duties under any law, ordinance, or regulation

Emergency Doctrine

When an unforeseen emergency requires instinctive action, you are not required to use the same degree of care as when you have time to reflect.

Backfist Stroke

When attacking from the rear, a properly delivered strike can often give you a tactical advantage and may incapacitate or break the concentration of the attacker.

Rolling Friction

When the tires constantly rotate on the road surface without losing contact.

Hip Shooting Stance

When you are within arm's reach (three to four feet away) of a subject, use the ___ ___ ___. If you extend your arms to prepare to shoot your firearm, the subject would be close enough to grab your firearm or knock your hand and firearm to the side. One handed or Two handed.

How to Explain Arrest to Family and Others

Whenever reasonable, provide general information to victims, witnesses, or family members.

Details of Notes

Who, what, when, where, why, how & actions taken

Sudden In-Custody Death Syndrome

a broad classification for unexplained in- custody deaths.

Sworn Statement

Written or oral facts that are stated under oath or penalty of perjury.

Maliciously

Wrongfully, intentionally, and without legal justification or excuse, and with the knowledge that injury or damage will or may be caused to another person or the property of another person

Exsanguination, Airway, Breathing, and Circulation

X-ABC's

Identify and Interview

You should ________ and _________ all complainants, victims, witnesses, and suspects.

Single

You should determine a ______ access point to the crime scene.

Field Notes

Your ____ ____ will document your observations of impairment at the time the incident occurred and will provide the information necessary to establish the evidence and elements of the DUI offense

Carelessness

____ is the most common cause of firearms incidents.

Scrape

a broad area of a hard surface covered with many scratches, striations, or streak marks made without great pressure by a sliding metal part.

Search

a government intrusion into a place in which a person has a reasonable expectation of privacy.

Offensive ready stance with an impact weapon

a high- profile stance with the weapon held at a shoulder position to enable a rapid strike.

State Road

a highway the Department of Transportation designates as a state- maintained road.

Insulin

a hormone needed to convert sugar, starches, and other food into energy needed for daily life.

Frostbite

a localized injury from overexposure to cold.

Interview Stance with an Impact Weapon

a low- profile stance with the weapon held partially hidden behind the leg.

Squib Load

a malfunction that occurs when the primer ignites and there is no burn or partial burn of the powder charge.

Tire Print

a mark left by a tire rolling over a soft material such as sand or dirt, or rolling through a liquid on a hard surface, such as oil, which leaves an identifiable pattern matching the tread of the tire.

Plastic Prints

a molded or embedded fingerprint that you can easily see, created by touching an impressionable surface, such as fresh paint, wax, bar of soap, or mud.

EMS System

a network of trained professionals linked to provide advanced, out-of- hospital care for victims of sudden traumatic injury or illness.

Touch

a non- threatening, non- custodial physical contact and can be used to support or emphasize a verbal command.

Pedestrian

a person on foot on a road, berm, shoulder, or sidewalk.

Eyewitness

a person who can identify another person by sight as someone involved in a criminal proceeding.

Driver

a person who is in physical control of a vehicle or is controlling or steering a vehicle in tow.

Pat Down

a physical frisk of a subject conducted in a predetermined pattern to locate weapons.

Ejector

a piece of spring steel mounted on the inside left of the receiver; when the action pulls a shell to the rear, it compresses and then releases the ejector as the bolt goes past it. A small extension stops the shell from going farther and assists in ejecting the shell from the receiver.

Runoff

a pool or trail of fluids escaping from a vehicle because of impact.

Roadway

a portion of highway used for vehicular travel that does not include the berm, shoulder, or sidewalk.

Barricade Position

a position behind cover.

Private Road or Driveway

a privately owned space that owners and people who have permission from the owners use for vehicular traffic.

Live Lineup

a procedure that displays a group of people to a victim or eyewitness so they can identify the perpetrator of a crime and eliminate any suspects.

Limited Access Facility

a road adjacent to private property to which the property owners have no right or easement to; however, the owners may have access to the light, air, or view over the property.

Laned Highway

a road divided into two or more clearly marked lanes for vehicular traffic

Field Sketch

a rough drawing of the scene.

Photo Array

a selection of photographs compiled to show to a victim or eyewitness in a non- suggestive manner for identifying a suspect.

Intermittent Skid Marks

a series of heavy skid marks with long gaps of more than 15 feet between them, caused by a driver who rapidly applies and releases the brakes, to stop the vehicle.

Skip Skid Marks

a series of skid marks, usually short in length with irregular intervals between them. This pattern appears on the road when a vehicle has a sudden load shift from braking hard, causing the vehicle to bounce.

Universal Precautions

a set of procedures designed to prevent transmission of

Puncture Wound

a soft tissue injury caused by the penetration of a sharp object

Endorsement

a special authorization printed on a Florida driver's license permitting a driver to operate certain types of vehicles or transport certain types of property or number of passengers.

Incident Command System (ICS)

a standard, on- scene, all- hazards approach to manage and coordinate the operation of facilities, equipment, personnel, procedures, and communications under a common organizational structure. ICS helps manage resources effectively.

Front Strap

allows the fingers of the shooting hand to rest in the grip

Excited Delirium

a state of extreme mental and physiological excitement characterized by exceptional agitation and hyperactivity, overheating, excessive tearing of the eyes, hostility, superhuman strength, aggression, acute paranoia, and endurance without apparent fatigue

Squeegee Mark

a strip of dry pavement remaining after a vehicle skids on a wet road.

Intent

a subject's intention to voluntarily make the bodily movement that becomes the act to commit a criminal offense.

Pain Compliance

a subject's response to a combination of pain and verbal commands to stop resisting.

Active Resistance

a subject's use of physically evasive movements directed toward the officer, such as bracing, tensing, pushing, or pulling to prevent the officer from establishing control over the subject.

Passive Resistance

a subject's verbal or physical refusal to comply with an officer's lawful direction, causing the officer to use physical techniques to establish control.

Defensive Tactics

a system of controlled defensive and offensive body movements that criminal justice officers use to respond to a subject's aggression or resistance.

Stalling

a tactical method of safely controlling a suspect until you physically recover or reassess the situation, or backup arrives.

Diversion

a technique that interrupts the subject's concentration so that energy is redirected from the current focus.

Escort Position

a technique used to move a subject from one point to another without using pain compliance.

Tactical Load

a technique used to reload in a tactical situation and is the preferred method during these situations.

Sucking Chest Injury

a type of open chest injury, such as a gunshot wound, in which air and blood escape into the area surrounding the lungs, creating a change in the pressure in the chest cavity.

Furrow Mark

a type of trench dug by locked tires moving across a soft surface such as gravel, sand, grass, or dirt. The furrow is shallow at the beginning of the skid and deepens with a piling of the surface material in front of the tire at the place where the vehicle finally rests.

Testimonial Evidence

a witness statement that tends to prove or disprove facts about the case.

Emergency Response Plan (ERP)

a written plan that describes what an organization will do during various major events.

Physical Control

achieving compliance or custody through the use of empty-hand or leverage-enhanced techniques, such as pain compliance, transporters, restraint devices, takedowns, and striking techniques.

Trigger

activates the pistol's operation

Forestock/ Handguard

acts as a heat shield from the barrel; allows you to support the rifle with your support hand

Magazine Plate

acts as the base of the magazine

Normal Breathes Per Minute

adult: 12-20 per minute child: 15-30 per minute infant: 25-50 per minute

Normal Pulse Rates

adult: 60-100 child: 100-120 infant: 120-160

Elimination Prints

allow fingerprint analysts to distinguish between prints belonging to either the victims and witnesses, or the possible suspects.

Shrimping

allow you to move from side to side to avoid or defend against an attack

Slide Cover Plate

allows access of the firing pin assembly

Puncture

an actual tear, detachment, or rip that looks like an opening in the case body

Crosswalk

an area of a road within an intersection, distinctly marked on the surface to indicate a pedestrian crossing.

Hypothermia

an excessive cooling of the body's core temperature

Threat Awareness Spectrum

an illustration of how survival stress may affect your reaction to a perceived challenge or threat.

Horizontal gaze nystagmus (HGN)

an involuntary jerking that occurs as the eyes move toward the side.

Tear Gas (CS)

an irritant agent that causes burning and tearing eyes, nasal discharge, and skin and upper respiratory irritation.

Impaled Object

an object that punctures the soft tissue and stays in place.

Penetrating Strike

an officer strikes a muscle so that the striking object penetrates the muscle and nerves of the target area.

Abdominal Evisceration

an open wound where the organs protrude from the abdominal cavity.

Waist Chains

another type of restraint device, typically used by correctional officers to secure a subject when moving an inmate from one location to another.

Evasive Action

any action the driver takes to alter the speed or direction of a vehicle or to avoid danger or hazard

Preexisting Damage

any damage existing on a vehicle before the crash.

Contact Damage

any damage that did not exist on a vehicle before the crash.

Cardiovascular Training

any exercise that elevates the heart rate to a range of 60% to 85% of the maximum rate.

Empty-Hand Striking Technique

any impact technique using hands, arms, elbows, feet, legs, knees, or head to strike a subject in an offensive or defensive situation.

Surface Mark

any mark created by a vehicle's tire at a crash scene.

multiple-casualty incident (MCI)

any medical or trauma incident involving multiple patients

Concealment

any object or group of objects that creates a visual barrier between you and a threat but may not stop a projectile.

Cover

any object or obstacle that creates a bullet- resistant barrier between you and a threat.

Impact Weapons

any object used for striking.

Field Contact

any person you have contact with while on patrol, such as a concerned resident or an anonymous complainant who does not necessarily generate an incident report.

Bicycle Path

any road or path open to bicycle travel.

Hazardous Material (HAZMAT)

any substance or material that, when released, may cause harm, serious injury, or death to humans or animals, or harm the environment.

Evidence

anything that tends to prove or disprove the existence of a fact.

Documentary Evidence

anything written or printed that is offered to prove or disprove facts pertaining to the case. It includes bank records, medical records, or a certified copy of a driving history.

Mechanical Compliance

applying pressure or leverage on a joint by locking it up so that no movement of the joint is possible, causing the subject to comply with verbal direction.

Crane

attaches the cylinder to the frame so the cylinder can swing in and out of the frame opening.

Extractor

attaches to the extractor rod, fits inside the cylinder, and the rounds rest on; a star- shaped device

Muzzle Flash Suppressor

attachment on the barrel's forward end that reduces the flash as burning powder escapes when the bullet exits the barrel

Amniotic Sac

bag of fluid surrounding the fetus

Dialation

begins the birthing process.

Labor

begins the birthing process.

Arterial Bleeding

bright red blood spurts from a wound, indicating a severed or damaged artery

Fragile Evidence

can include a bullet hole in glass held in place by a thin window tint.

Involuntary/ Smooth Muscles

carry out many automatic body functions.

Heart Attack

caused by oxygen deprivation to part of the heart, typically from a blocked blood vessel.

Hepatitis A Virus

causes hepatitis A, which is technically not a bloodborne disease.

Hepatitis B Virus

causes hepatitis or inflammation of the liver.

Extractor Rod

causes the extractor to push the cartridge from the cylinder when depressed.

Contusion

closed injury that is discolored and painful at the injury site.

Hammer Spur

cocks the weapon to single- action mode; part of the hammer

Oleoresin Capsicum (OC)

commonly called pepper spray, is an inflammatory agent that causes tearing and involuntary closing of the eyes, nasal discharge, sneezing, disorientation, and a sensation of respiratory distress.

Photographic Framing

composing the photograph so that it depicts what you are trying to document.

Vascular Neck Restraint

compresses certain veins and arteries in the neck to cause a subject to lose consciousness briefly.

Vehicle Search

conducted only when authorized under the Florida Statutes, for example, when probable cause exists or consent is given.

Totality of Circumstances

considers the overall facts of a situation to determine if you had the authority to detain someone for committing a crime or to perform a legal search.

Trigger Group

consists of the trigger, trigger springs, safety, and all firing mechanism parts

Bolt (Rifle)

contains the firing pin, spring, and extractor

Lower Receiver Group

contains the magazine release, magazine well, trigger housing, and trigger components

Lead

create avenues for follow up and can come from many sources, such as anonymous tips, confidential sources, social media, forensic analysis, surveillance footage, and victim and witness statements.

Bolt

cylindrical steel part containing the firing pin and extractor, which closes the breech end of the barrel for firing

Full Thickness (Third Degree) Burns

damage all skin layers and affect muscles and nerves. Skin looks waxy, white, or charred.

Superficial (First Degree) Burns

damage the first layer of skin, which becomes red and feels very painful.

Partial Thickness (Second Degree) Burns

damage the first two skin layers, which blister and feel very painful.

Stroke

damage to part of the brain due to the rupture or blockage of a blood vessel.

Objective Reasonableness

decides whether an officer's use of force is a appropriate response to a subject's resistance.

Deescalation

decreasing the use of force or resistance.

DOTS

deformities open wounds tenderness swelling

Snap-Back Strike

delivered and then retracted very quickly, thus enabling multiple strikes, creating distance, setting up the next techniques, and causing distraction to the subject.

Respiratory System

delivers oxygen to and removes carbon dioxide from the blood.

Relative Positioning

describes where you stand or position yourself in relation to the subject.

Dent

dimple or depression in the case; the case looks like someone struck it with a hard object, crushing part of it inward

Recovery Position

helps maintain an open airway should the patient become nauseated or vomits, and may prevent positional asphyxia.

Disengagement

discontinuing a command or physical use of force, for example, by breaking away from a subject.

Bloodborne Pathogens

disease- producing microorganisms in human body fluids. They can infect and cause disease in people who are exposed to blood or body fluids containing pathogens.

Cylinder Release Latch

disengages the cylinder from the frame

Placenta

disk-shaped inner lining of the uterus; provides nourishment and oxygen to the developing fetus

Conducting a Vehicle Inventory

document the vehicle's overall condition, mileage if available, damage, all contents, and equipment.

Advanced Directive

documents the patient's request to withhold specific medical care.

Ejection Port

ejects spent casings; allows loading live rounds into it; an opening on the side or bottom of the receiver

Charging Handle

enables manipulation of the bolt to chamber a round

Takedown Pins

enables separation of the upper receiver from the lower receiver and allows for fieldstripping and cleaning

Buffer/ Buffer Spring

enables the bolt to return after firing

Forward Assist

ensures that the bolt is locked

Autonomous Vehicle

equipped with technology that senses the environment and allows the vehicle to move on the road without a person actively controlling or monitoring, such as a driverless, self- driving, or robotic car.

Vehicle

every device in, upon, or by which any person or property is or may be transported or drawn upon a highway, except personal delivery devices, mobile carriers, and devices used exclusively upon stationary rails or tracks.

Safety Check

every time you pick up, put down, or hand a firearm to another person, pull back the slide to the locked position or open the cylinder or bolt to physically and visually check that the firearm is not loaded.

Rule of Sequestration

forbids anyone who will testify from discussing any aspect of a case with anyone but the involved attorneys.

Strobing

forcefully blinking the eyes using all the muscles in the face, including those in the forehead.

Patent Prints

form from the friction ridges or corrugated lines on fingers.

Leg Restraints

generally used along with waist chains to limit the movement of a subject.

Muscular System

gives the body shape, protects internal organs, and provides body movement.

Abandonment

giving up a right or interest with the intention of never again claiming it.

Extractor (Rifle)

grips and pulls the shell from the chamber

Amputation

gross removal of appendage

Abandoned Vehicle

has no driver, or the person responsible for the vehicle is unknown.

Digestive System

has two main functions: ingesting and digesting food and nutrients.

Swelling

he soft tissue raised when blood or other body fluids pool beneath the skin at the injury site.

Nutrition

healthy, well-balanced diet and regular meals

Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)

identifies hazardous materials, outlines basic actions for first responders, recommends areas of protective action, and gives responders an initial safety plan.

Stabilization

immobilizing the subject's head so the subject cannot move or escape; be careful not to apply too much pressure or torque on the neck or spine when stabilizing the head

Normal Faculties

include a person's ability to see, hear, walk, talk, judge distances, drive an automobile, make judgments, act in emergencies, and normally perform the mental and physical acts of daily life.

Peripheral Nervous System

includes nerves that connect to the spinal cord and branch out to every other part of the body.

Escalation

increasing the use of force or resistance.

Designation

inform you of a person's health condition or public safety status.

Avulsion

injury characterized by a flap of torn or cut skin that may not be completely loose from the body

Aggravated Battery

intentionally or knowingly causes great bodily harm, permanent disability, or permanent disfigurement; or uses a deadly weapon.

Nystagmus

involuntary jerking of the eyes.

Photographing the Scene

is the first event that should take place when documenting a crime scene.

Florida Driver's License

issued to Florida residents who have passed the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles (DHSMV) tests, allowing them to legally drive in Florida.

Magazine Cap

keeps the barrel in place; located on the magazine tube's end

Corrosion

layering of the case with oxidation or foreign material, such as mold, fungi, congealed oil, or lubricant

Flexible Restraints

lightweight plastic or nylon and easy to carry but have a high tensile strength, most commonly associated with multiple arrests or transports.

Central Nervous System

located in the brain and in the spinal cord. Its components are the body's "mainframe computer." This is where all communication and control originate.

Cylinder Stop

locks the cylinder

Slide Stop Lever

locks the slide in the open position

Debris

loose material spread across the road due to the crash.

Prone Position

lying on the stomach, face down

Part Three (pink)—Officer's Copy

maintain accountability and a record of the court's action. You may want to keep a copy for your field notes in case you have to testify in court.

When to relocate crash vehicles

move vehicles out of the roadway to prevent accidents, encourage traffic flow, and create room for emergency vehicles to access the crash site.

Explosives

materials or devices designed to release energy very rapidly

Gases

materials that are neither solid nor liquid at ordinary temperatures; they are contained under pressure.

Body Cavity Search

may be done only by appropriate health services staff members according to agency policies.

Shelter-In-Place

means taking immediate shelter in a readily accessible location or remaining inside a structure to prevent exposure to a dangerous situation that exists outside of the structure.

Opportunity

means the subject is capable of acting on a plan to cause death or great bodily harm to the officer or others.

Fracture

medical term for a broken bone

Extractor

metal hook- shaped part mounted on the bolt; the hook engages the rim of the cartridge, so that when the action is brought to the rear, the extractor removes the shell from the chamber.

Sling Swivels

metal loops affixed to the rifle / carbine to which a carrying strap attaches

Primer

mixture used to ignite the propellant or powder charge

Interviewing and obtaining statements at the crash scene

must make the distinction between the drivers involved, those who witnessed the crash, those who may have heard, but not seen, the crash, and those who are providing information based on the final location of the vehicles.

Cervix

neck of the uterus; contains a mucus plug

Less-Lethal Weapons

not fundamentally designed to cause death or great bodily harm. Some examples include electronic control devices (ECD), conducted electrical weapons (CEW), expandable batons, flashlights, and chemical agent sprays.

Poisoning by Inhalation

occurs when poison enters the body through the mouth or nose.

Poisoning by Ingestion

occurs when poison enters the body through the mouth.

Hyperthermia

occurs when the body cannot recover from this fluid loss

Dislocation

occurs when the end of a bone comes out of its socket at the joint.

Lack of Smooth Pursuit

occurs when the eye of an impaired driver jerks or bounces as the eye follows a smoothly moving stimulus.

Breech Birth

occurs when the fetus's feet or buttocks present down the birth canal first.

distinct and sustained nystagmus at maximum deviation

occurs when the gaze of the eye has moved as far as it can go toward the shoulder, and no white is visible at the outside of the eye.

Simultaneous Presentation

occurs when the independent administrator presents a group of photographs to the victim or eyewitness all at once, at the same time.

Failure to Extract

occurs when the pistol fails to extract a spent casing from its chamber.

Bruising

obvious discoloration (black and blue) of the soft tissue at the injury site.

Failure to Eject/ Stovepipe

occurs when a fired cartridge case does not completely eject.

Stacked Feed

occurs when a round is in the chamber and the action is closed. The shell latch fails to keep a round in the magazine tube. Instead, it moves the round onto the carrier. The weapon still operates, but you cannot load rounds until you remove the one in the chamber.

Scuff or Yaw Mark

occurs when a vehicle loses tire traction from entering a curve too fast or from oversteering.

Sequential Presentation

occurs when an independent administrator presents individual photographs to the victim or eyewitness one at a time.

Poisoning by Injection

occurs when poison enters the body through a small opening in the skin.

Poisoning by Absorbtion

occurs when poison enters the body through contact with the surface of the skin.

Grid Search

often used indoors, this is a variation of the strip / line search pattern. Searchers overlap a series of lanes in a cross pattern, making the search more methodical and thorough.

Active Shooter

one or more individuals participating in a random or systematic killing spree demonstrating their intent to harm others with a firearm.

Abrasion

open wound caused by scraping, shearing away, or rubbing the outermost layer of skin

Uterus

organ that holds the developing fetus

Stock

part of the weapon attached to the receiver; a shooter places the stock on his or her shoulder when firing.

Birth Canal

passage the fetus is pushed through during delivery

Magazine Release

permits removal of the magazine from the firearm

Ejection Port (Rifle)

permits the shell to exit the weapon

Hammer Nose

pin or firing pin— protrudes through the frame and strikes the primer; a part of the hammer or frame

Restriction

printed on a Florida driver's license, may limit a driver from operating certain types of motor vehicles or require that they meet certain conditions when driving any motor vehicle.

Photo Lineup

procedure that displays a photo array to a victim or eyewitness so they can identify the perpetrator of a crime and eliminate any suspects.

Powder

propellant used in most firearms; produces a large volume of gas when ignited

Good Samaratin Act

protects a first-aid provider from liability for medical care performed in good faith or medical care similar to that expected of another first-aid provider with equal training.

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

protects the rights of patients and the release of patient information.

Trigger Guard

protects the trigger and is part of the frame

Direct Evidence

proves a fact without an inference or presumption and which, if true in itself, conclusively establishes that fact.

Force Guidelines

provide a framework for making decisions involving the reasonable use of force by criminal justice officers.

Backstrap

provides a grip for the palm of the shooting hand

Muzzle/ Barrel

provides a path for the fired bullet and is chambered to hold the cartridge

Thumb Rest

provides a place for the thumb to rest while gripping the pistol

Cheek Weld

provides firm contact between your cheek and the comb of the stock.

Marchman Act

provides substance abusers access to emergency services and temporary detention on either a voluntarily or involuntarily basis.

Florida Evidence Code

provides the basic concepts and rules of evidence that may be used in a criminal or civil proceeding.

PMS

pulse, motor, and sensory functions

Circulatory System

pumps blood throughout the body. It delivers oxygen and nutrients to and removes waste from the body's tissues.

Blocks

reaction techniques using the arms, legs, or body to deflect or redirect an impending strike from a subject to areas of the body.

Reassuring Emotional Patients, Family Members

redirect the conversation to divert their attention.

Physical or Real Evidence

refers to actual objects offered to prove or disprove facts about a case.

Modus Operandi

refers to how someone does something, usually repetitive in nature

Body Movement

refers to how you approach a subject or enter a scene.

Admissibility of Evidence

refers to the legal requirements you must meet before a jury can see or hear about the evidence.

Ability

refers to the subject's having the means to carry out their intent to cause death or great bodily harm.

Vehicle Dynamics

refers to vehicle movement during and after a collision.

Endocrine System

regulates body systems by secreting hormones directly into the bloodstream from glands.

Magazine Catch

releases the magazine from the frame (magazine well)

Action Slide Release

releases the slide when activated

Verifying that a driver is licensed to operate a motor vehicle

request another form of photo or military ID, or conduct a database query. If the driver is licensed but does not have the license with them, determine whether to issue a citation for failure to carry and exhibit the license upon demand and collect a fingerprint where it is required on the citation.

Class E Florida License

required for drivers of any noncommercial motor vehicle with a GVWR of less than 26,001 pounds. This includes passenger cars, 15- passenger (including the driver) vans, trucks or recreational vehicles, and two- or three- wheel motor vehicles 50 cc (cubic centimeters) or less,

Class B Florida License

required for drivers of straight trucks (all axles attached to a single frame) with a GVWR of 26,001 pounds or more.

Class A Florida License

required for drivers of trucks or truck combinations with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 26,001

Class C Florida License

required for drivers of vehicles transporting placard-able amounts of hazardous materials, or for drivers of vehicles designed to transport more than 15 people (including the driver) with a GVWR of less than 26,001 pounds.

Class E Learner Florida License

required for drivers with a learner's license and limited to driving motor vehicles weighing less than 8,000 pounds. In addition, the driver must be accompanied by a person 21 or older who holds a valid driver's license and who occupies the closest seat to the right of the driver.

Indirect or circumstantial evidence

requires an inference or presumption to establish a fact.

Genitourinary System

responsible for reproduction and waste removal.

Latent Prints

result from body residues left behind when the friction ridges of the hands or feet make contact with a surface.

Acceleration Scuff Marks

result from rapid acceleration from a stop, causing the tires to produce gradually fading dark tire marks.

Asthma

results from airway passage narrowing, which causes breathing difficulties.

Anaphylaxis/ Anaphylactic Shock

results from insect bites or stings, medications, pollen, foods, chemicals, or any substance that triggers an allergic reaction

Trigger Control

results when the trigger finger pulls the trigger straight back with increasing yet constant and steady pressure until the firearm discharges.

Strip/ Unclothed Search

searches of an inmate may be conducted only by correctional officers who are of the same sex as the inmate, except in emergency circumstances.

First Priority When Arriving on Scene

secure, protect, and preserve the scene to avoid contaminating any evidence.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

serves as a barrier against infection.

Skin

serves as the protective covering for the inside of the body. It provides a barrier against bacteria and other harmful substances and organisms.

Modified Weaver Stance

similar to the Weaver stance except the weapon arm is locked out straight. Other elements, such as foot position, may be modified because of a person's physical characteristics.

Evasion

simply shifting your body or sidestepping to avoid the attack.

Offset Skid Marks

skid marks that indicate a sudden change in the direction of a tire due to collision forces. They are the direct result of the movement of the vehicle by the force of collision and occur at the moment of impact.

Shell Carrier

slightly rounded steel part that blocks the loading port; catches rounds released from the magazine and raises them into alignment with the chamber

Telegraphing

small eye, hand, or foot movements in the direction that you plan to move.

Trace Evidence

small quantities of material transferred from a victim or suspect to each other or to a crime scene.

Drug Recognition Expert

someone specially trained to investigate incidents involving drug-impaired drivers.

Wheel Witness

someone who can place the driver in actual physical control of the vehicle at the time of the crash and who can provide a statement of observations of the crash and driver.

Posting

supporting the balance of the body using a limb.

Seizure

symptoms range from a blank stare into space or random shaking to twitching extremities or whole-body muscle contractions.

Complex Motor Skills

tasks that require a combination of fine and gross motor skills using hand-eye coordination timed to a single event, such as driving a vehicle

Takedowns

techniques used to bring a resisting subject from a standing position to the ground, making it easier to control them.

Pressure Points

techniques used to control resistant behavior by using pain compliance. Pressure or leverage is applied using a fingertip or thumb tip to target a nerve, joint, or sensitive area, causing pain and compliance to verbal direction.

Transporters/ Come-Along Holds

techniques used to move a subject from one point to another with pain compliance or mechanical compliance.

Handcuffs

temporary restraint devices frequently used to control a subject.

Reasonable Suspicion

that facts or circumstances exist that reasonably indicate that the person has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a violation of the law.

Divided Attention

the ability to concentrate on two or more tasks at the same time.

Visual Control

the ability to see both of the subject's hands and to know that they are not holding any weapons.

Overdose

the accidental or intentional use of a dangerously large amount of a substance that leads to death

Reaction Time Principle

the amount of time it takes for the brain to process a physical threat and the body to respond.

Sidewalk

the area that pedestrians use between the curb, or lateral line, of a roadway and the adjacent property lines.

Front Bead

the bead or raised post on the front of the barrel used to bring the firearm into alignment for accuracy

Skid Mark

the black mark left by a tire sliding while it is unable to rotate.

Survival Stress

the body and mind's response to a perceived threat.

Loading Port

the bottom opening on the receiver where live rounds are fed into or removed from the magazine tube

Failure to Feed

the cartridge fails to feed into the chamber

Scope of Care

the degree of care that a reasonable person should exercise.

Reactionary Gap

the distance you must keep between you and the subject to react effectively against a sudden threat

Plain touch/feel doctrine

the officer may seize any object "whose contour or mass" the officer identifies as apparent contraband.

Shock

the failure of the heart and blood vessels (circulatory system) to maintain enough oxygen-rich blood flowing to the vital organs of the body.

Negligence

the failure to exercise the standard of care that a reasonably prudent person would have exercised in a similar situation; any conduct that falls below the legal standard established to protect others against unreasonable risk of harm, except for conduct that is intentionally, wantonly, or willfully disregardful of other's rights.

Expulsion

the fetus moves through the birth canal and is born.

First Harmful Event

the first event during a traffic crash that caused injury or property damage. Determines the time, place, and type of crash.

Double/single pistol

the first round fires double action but the subsequent rounds fire single action. (The trigger being pulled to the rear cocks the hammer and releases it.) The second and subsequent rounds fire single action as the hammer remains cocked each time the slide cycles. After firing is complete, the hammer remains cocked. Before holstering the weapon, it must be de-cocked using the de-cocking lever.

Vertical gaze nystagmus (VGN)

the involuntary jerking of the eyes as they move upward and are held at maximum deviation for a minimum of four seconds.

Instrumentalities of a crime

the items used by the defendant to commit the crime.

Resting Nystagmus

the jerking of the eyes as the eyes look straight ahead.

Reaction Time

the length of time between the point of perception and the beginning of the evasive action.

Standard of Care

the level of competency expected or required when performing this duty.

Area of Collision (AOC)

the location of the first harmful event, or the first damage- producing event in the traffic crash.

Femur

the longest, strongest bone in the human body, the thighbone

Case/ Casing

the metal or plastic container that holds all parts of a round of ammunition: primer, powder charge, and bullet

Fine Motor Skills

the muscle control required to make small, precise movements, such as unlocking handcuffs with a key

Fruits of a Crime

the objects obtained by the defendant because of committing the crime.

Showup

the presentation of a possible suspect to a witness for identification and occurs during the same time or soon after the incident occurred and near the incident or crime scene.

Carroll Doctrine

the principle that an officer may conduct a mobile conveyance search without a warrant even if there may be time to obtain one if there is probable cause to believe that the vehicle contains contraband or evidence of criminal activity

Absorption

the process by which alcohol enters the bloodstream.

Distribution

the process by which the bloodstream carries alcohol to the body's tissues and organs.

Metabolism

the process by which the body breaks down alcohol for elimination.

Elimination

the process by which the body expels alcohol through exhaled breath, sweat, tears, saliva, and urine.

Detoxification

the process of allowing the body to rid itself of a drug while managing the symptoms of withdrawal

Querying

the process of gathering information by accessing a database for law enforcement purposes.

Sight Picture

the relationship between the eye, front sight, rear sight, and target.

Sight Alignment

the relationship of the front sight and rear sight with the shooter's eye(s).

Crime Scene

the site or sites where a crime occurred, including an area or areas that contain evidence from the crime committed. can be a location, a person, a place, or an object associated with criminal behaviors.

Body Substance Isolation (BSI)

the standard that requires using a form of infection control with all patients.

Triage

the term given to sorting and classifying patients.

Prolapsed Umbilical Cord

the umbilical cord comes out of the vagina before the baby's birth.

Grappling

the use of body mechanics to leverage or control another person.

Verbal Direction

the use of proper, clear, and concise commands to let a person know what you need or expect them to do.

Touch Pressure

touching the location of a nerve or sensitive area and applying continual, uninterrupted pressure with the tip of the finger(s) or thumb until the subject complies

Compliance

the verbal or physical yielding to an officer's authority without apparent threat of resistance or violence.

Critical Incidents

these are events that can put lives at risk and cause major damage to property and the environment.

Standardized Field Sobriety Test (SFST)

three accurate and reliable tests to determine alcohol or drug impairment.

Purpose of an Investigation

to determine what happened during an incident, identify and locate the suspect, and develop enough evidence to establish probable cause to make an arrest.

Intermediate Weapons

tools used when empty- handed control is ineffective, but the subject's level of resistance does not merit deadly force.

Restraint Devices

tools, such as handcuffs, which are designed to temporarily restrain a subject's movements.

How to Conduct a Vehicle Search

use a logical search process that allows you to be consistent and thorough. Make sure that all compartments are checked. Be aware of hidden compartments that can be used to conceal weapons and contraband. Suspicious buttons or switches may indicate hidden compartments.

Zone/ Quadrant Search

used for vehicle searches, both indoors and outdoors, or a large area.

Custodial Search Technique

used when a subject is taken into custody in an unsecured environment. Unlike the pat down, this is a complete search of the subject.

Leverage

using a great force against a weaker resistance. It is used in conjunction with joint manipulation or pain and mechanical compliance to gain control.

Polydrug Use

using drugs from two or more drug categories at the same time.

Redirection

using empty-hand techniques to move the subject away.

Spiral Search

usually used outdoors by one person. The searcher begins at a certain point and walks in increasingly larger circles to the outermost boundary of the search area.

Strip/ Line Search

usually used outdoors by several people. Divide the search area into lanes. Have one or more people search each lane by moving in both directions, examining all areas.

Changing Hats

when a traffic crash investigation changes from a civil investigation to a criminal investigation and the driver's crash privilege ends

Communicating with Dispatch while Searching for Suspect

when searching for a wanted person, updating your location and status to maintain a high level of officer safety. This is critical when searching for an armed suspect. If you are unable to arrest the wanted person, initiate a BOLO for the suspect.

Two-Handed, High Point Position

you are in a standing or kneeling firing position with your sights on the target.

primary methods to detect the presence of a hazardous material

you may have to look at documents or shipping papers, or interview the transport driver or facility staff.

Officer Presence

your ability to convey to subjects and onlookers that you are able and ready to take control.

Command Presence

your demeanor and the way you exhibit confidence through erect posture, alertness, and attention to surroundings.

Balance

your head and hips must be aligned and your weight distributed evenly between your feet.

Responding to a Crime Scene

• What is the location? • Are any weapons involved? • Has the complainant indicated the suspect's location? • How many individuals are involved? • How many officers are necessary to safely contain or control the situation? • Do you need additional services? • Do you need special equipment? • Are any special concerns or dangers associated with the call?

How to Conduct a Showup

• Coordinate the showup as quickly as possible • Caution the victim or witness that the person they will be looking at may or may not be the suspect. • Take the victim or witness to the location of the suspect, not the suspect to the victim or witness. • Ask the victim or witness if they recognize the suspect; • Make sure that there is adequate lighting for the victim or witness to have a clear view of the potential suspect. • Visually conceal the victim or witness from the suspect. • Consider recording the showup with your body camera or other recording device. • Document all statements of identification and non- identification.

How to Request a Reexamination or Medical Review

• Explain the request in a separate standalone paragraph on the Narrative section. • Attach a completed Medical Reporting Form, to the Florida Traffic Crash Report HSMV 90010S • Request a "Report Driver for Medical Review" in DAVID.

Gathering Information on Injured Victims

• Who hit you? • What did the suspect use to hit you? • Where were you hit? • Where were you standing when you were hit? • When were you hit? • How were you hit? • Why were you hit?

Officer's Role Within ICS

• Identify the type of incident or threat. • Determine if the situation requires personal protective equipment (PPE). • Establish ICS. • Set up a command post. • Determine the resources needed, including the assistance of other agencies. • Determine whether to shelter-in- place or evacuate

Signaling to Start

• Point at the driver being directed to start, and make eye contact. • Rotate your hand with palm up, bending at the elbow, and bring it toward you. • Coordinate traffic direction with other officers when applicable.

Signaling to Stop

• Point at the driver being directed to stop and make eye contact. • Raise one or both hands with your palm toward the driver until they stop. • Use an audible signal to alert drivers.

steps you should take in your personal life prior to a natural disaster

• a family meeting location • at least one out-of-town contact • a list of emergency management contacts for your county • a method for your family to contact you once the disaster is over

HSMV 90010S Required

• The crash resulted in the death of, the personal injury to, or any indication of complaints of pain or discomfort by, any of the people involved in the crash. • A driver left the scene that involved damage to attended vehicles or property. • A driver drove while under the influence. • A vehicle was rendered inoperable to a degree that required a wrecker to remove it from the crash scene. • A commercial motor vehicle was involved.

Elements of a Clear and Comprehensive DUI Arrest Report

• There was reasonable suspicion for stopping / contacting the accused. • The accused was the driver or in actual physical control of the vehicle. There was probable cause to believe the accused was impaired. • The officer followed lawful procedure regarding the rights of the accused. • The officer followed lawful arrest procedures. • Subsequent observation and interview of the accused provided additional evidence relevant to the alleged offense. • The officer made a lawful request for the accused to submit to the breath, urine, or blood test, and the results of the test.

Exceptions to Relocating Crash Vehicles

• a traffic crash with injuries or fatalities • the vehicles are too disabled to move • the crash scene is a crime scene that will need processing

Motor Vehicle

• an automobile, motorcycle, truck, trailer, semitrailer, truck tractor and semitrailer combination, or any other vehicle operated on the roads, used to transport persons or property, and propelled by power other than muscular power • a recreational vehicle designed as temporary living quarters for recreational, camping, or travel use, that is self- motorized or mounted on or pulled by another motor vehicle • not a traction engine, road roller, personal delivery device, special mobile equipment, vehicle that runs only on a track, bicycle, swamp buggy, moped, or motorized scooter

Impairment Clues When Conducting DUI Stop

• attempting to flee • not responding • responding slowly • swerving abruptly • stopping suddenly • striking the curb or another object

Verbal Clues of Driver Impairment

• be slow to respond to you • ask you to repeat questions • repeat your questions or comments • provide incorrect information • change answers • slur their speech • admit to drinking • provide inconsistent responses • use abusive language

Observable Clues of Driver Impairment

• bloodshot eyes • soiled clothing (urine, feces, vomit) • alcohol containers, drugs, or drug paraphernalia • odor of alcoholic beverages or marijuana smoke • cover-up odors like breath spray or tobacco smoke • fumbling with driver's license or paperwork or with motor vehicle controls

Impairment Clues When Exiting a Vehicle

• cannot follow instructions • cannot open the door • leaves the vehicle in gear • climbs out of the vehicle • sways or staggers while walking • leans against the vehicle or another object • places hands on the vehicle for balance

Documenting a Crime Scene

• case number • location • date and time • officer's name

Recognizing the need for additional resources at a traffic crash

• directing traffic, establishing and maintaining roadblocks • obtaining medical assistance • completing searches • taking photographs, measuring tire marks, processing evidence • making an arrest • towing oversized, hazardous, or commercial vehicle traffic • completing paperwork • the traffic homicide investigative unit • the fire department or hazmat team • DOT • FHP Commercial Vehicle Enforcement • local or state traffic engineering • crime scene investigators

Impairment Clues for DUI Motorcyclist

• drifting during turn or curve • trouble dismounting • trouble balancing at a stop • problems turning (unsteadiness, sudden corrections, late braking, improper lean angle) • weaving • moving erratically while going straight • operating without lights at night • driving recklessly (for example, driving on one wheel or at high speeds) • following too closely • running a stop light or sign • evading the officer • going the wrong way

Common Errors Completing Crash Report Forms

• intersection type or junction type • vehicle-towed indicator • first harmful event • motor vehicle in transport • Florida driver's license check • posted speed limit • ejection • airbag deployment • time that the scene was cleared • time on scene and time dispatch • matching code identifier and code description

Elements of DUI Statute

• is under the influence of alcoholic beverages, any chemical substance set forth in s. 877.111, F.S., or any substance controlled under chapter 893, F.S., and affected to the extent that the person's normal faculties are impaired, or • has a blood- alcohol concentration level (BAC) of 0.08 or more grams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood or has a breath- alcohol concentration level (BrAC) of 0.08 or more grams of alcohol per 210 liters of breath.

Main Objectives of a HAZMAT Response

• isolate the area without entering it • keep people away from the scene • ensure people are upwind and out of low-lying areas

Characteristics and Motivations of an Active Shooter

• loss of significant relationships • changes in financial status or loss of or termination from a job • feelings of victimization • major adverse changes to life circumstances • feelings of perceived injustice

Information Required for the Driver Report of Traffic Crash (Self Report) or Driver Exchange of Information Form

• name • current street address • driver's license or learner's permit number • registration number of the vehicle they are driving • insurance information

Photographs of a Traffic Scene

• record the scene's physical condition • supplement other documentation • aid in drawing conclusions about the crash • can assist a traffic homicide investigator in reconstructing the crash

Instruments to measure evidence

• rolling measuring wheels • fiberglass and steel measuring tapes of various lengths • laser measuring devices

Behaviors of a Driver Impaired by Alcohol

• slowed reactions and perception-reaction time (PRT) • poor judgment • taking risks • poor coordination

Temporary Evidence

• the AOC • scuff marks • squeegee marks • tire marks • skid marks • tire prints • gouges and scratches • debris of any type • vehicle parts • liquids or runoff • any item damaged or struck as a result of the crash • the final resting positions of vehicles and bodies

Intersection

• the area within the connection of the lateral curbs or boundary lines of two or more roadways of two highways joined at approximately right angles or any other angle that may connect the two roads, OR • where a highway includes two roadways 30 feet or more apart, every crossing of each roadway of the divided highway by an intersecting highway is a separate intersection

how to verify the procedures of a blood draw

• the blood kit is not expired, • the blood is collected in the appropriate vial, • the kit is identified with the driver's name, the date, and the time the blood was collected as well as the initials of the person who drew the blood.

Street or Highway

• the entire width between the boundary lines of a public space for vehicular traffic, OR • the entire width between the boundary lines of privately owned space for vehicular traffic by the owner or those given permission by the owner; or any limited access road owned or controlled by a special district when a county or municipality exercises traffic control jurisdiction, OR • an area not open to public vehicular traffic, such as a runway, taxiway, ramp, clear zone, or parking lot within the boundaries of an airport owned by the state, county, municipality, or political subdivision, OR • a space used for vehicular traffic on a controlled access basis in a mobile home park recreation district and open to the public

Examples of Impairment Cues

• weaving • weaving across lane lines (lane departure) • drifting • stopping problems (too far, too short, or too jerky) • accelerating or decelerating unnecessarily • varying speed • driving in opposing lanes or the wrong way on a one-way road •responding slowly to traffic signals • failing to respond or responding slowly to an officer's signals • following too closely (tailgating) • conducting an improper or unsafe lane change • making an illegal or improper turn

Information to Provide to Chain of Command

• when the incident occurred • how it occurred • where it occurred • all evidence gathered or specific items that are still the focus of a search • descriptions of all property involved in the incident • the names and descriptions of victims, witnesses, and possible suspects • a description of the suspect's vehicle • the scene's boundaries and protection measures • a plan for the continued investigation of the incident and the search for evidence • the identity of the public information officer who is communicating with the media