Block 9: Peds Module 1-2 practice questions
A nurse is caring for a 3-year-old child whose parents report that she has an intense fear of painful procedures, such as injections. Which of the following strategies should the nurse add to the child's plan of care? (Select all that apply.) A. Have a parent stay with the child during procedures. B. Cluster invasive procedures whenever possible. C. Perform the procedure as quickly as possible. D. Allow the child to keep a toy from home with her. E. Use mummy restraints during painful procedures.
A. Have a parent stay with the child during procedures C. Perform procedures as quickly as possible D. Allow the child to keep a toy from home with her
An 18 month old toddler who has Kawasaki Disease is receiving intravenous immune globulin (IVIG). The guardian asks the nurse to administer the child's scheduled measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine before discharge. Which of the following responses should the nurse provide? A. "Your child will not be able to receive the MMR vaccine for at least 3 months after discharge." B. "I cannot administer routine vaccines to children while they are in the hospital." C. "Your child can receive the MMR vaccine once his fever is gone." D. "I can administer the measles and rubella vaccines, but I cannot administer the mumps vaccine."
A. "Your child will not be able to receive the MMR vaccine for at least 3 months after discharge." The nurse should explain to the guardian that IVIG given for the treatment of KD contains antibodies that can interfere with the action of the live virus vaccines like MMR. The MMR immunization should be postponed for 3 to 6 months, 11 months according to ATI book pg 121. The toddler cannot receive the vaccine while in the hospital because antibodies of the IVIG not because they're in the hospital and D is wrong because they are still live vaccines.
A nurse is educating new parents about risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Which of the following statements should indicate to the nurse the need for additional teaching? A. "Our baby will sleep in our bed because I am breastfeeding." B. "We will give my baby a pacifier during naps and at bedtime." C. "We will place my baby on her back when sleeping." D. "We will remove blankets and toys from the crib."
A. "Our baby will sleep in our bed because I am breastfeeding. Rationale: Allowing an infant to sleep in the same bed as an adult can lead to suffocation and falls. The parent should place the infant back in her crib after breastfeeding
A nurse is caring for a newborn whose mother voices concerns about sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The nurse should include which of the following statements in a discussion with the mother? A. "Placing your child on her back when sleeping will decrease the risk of SIDS." B. "SIDS is directly correlated with the diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccines." C. "SIDS rates have been rising over the last 10 years." D. "Sleep apnea is the main cause of SIDS."
A. "Placing your child on her back when sleeping will decrease the risk of SIDS."
A nurse is administering ear drops to a toddler and pulls the auricle down and back. The mother asks, "Why are you pulling the ear that way?" Which of the following explanations should the nurse provide? A. "This technique opens the ear canal, allowing medication to reach the inner ear region." B. "When this technique is used, the toddler experiences less pain." C. "This is the safest and easiest way to administer this medication." D. "When this technique is used, the medication will not run out of the ear."
A. "This technique opens the ear canal, allowing medication to reach the inner ear region."
A nurse is teaching car seat safety to a parent of an infant who weighs 4.5 kg (10 lb). Which of the following car seat positions should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Rear-facing in the middle of the back seat B. Forward-facing in the back seat C. Forward-facing in the front passenger seat D. Rear-facing in the back seat next to a window
A. Rear-facing in the middle of the back seat The safest position for infants is rear facing in the center of the back seat. Infants should ride rear-facing until age 2 or until the child outgrows the height or weight limits of a rear-facing seat. Studies have shown that children who ride properly restrained in the middle of the back seat have a 43% decreased risk for injury compared to children who are placed near a window.
A nurse is caring for a toddler. Which of the following statements should the nurse use when preparing to obtain the child's vital signs? A. "Can I listen to your lungs?" B. "I am going to listen to your heart." C. "I am going to take your blood pressure now." D. "Can you stand very still while I feel how warm you are?"
B. "I am going to listen to your heart." inform the toddler of the procedure prior(don't ask yes/no questions. Negativism is a way for toddlers to assert self-control & gain independence. Therefore, toddlers tend to answer questions with a negative response and are likely to initially resist. If the nurse asks, the toddler responds "no," the nurse proceeds anyway, creates an environment of mistrust; avoid using the word "take" when measuring bc toddler might interpret the words literally)
A nurse is providing teaching about dental care and teething to the caregiver of a 9 month old infant. Which of the following statements by the caregiver indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I can give my baby a warm teething ring to relieve discomfort." B. "I should clean my baby's teeth with a cool, wet washcloth." C. "I can give advil for up to 5 days while my baby is teething." D. "I should place diluted juice in the bottle my baby drinks while falling asleep."
B. "I should clean my baby's teeth with a cool, wet washcloth." This is the most appropriate answer. You would use a frozen teething ring or ice cube for discomfort not a warm on. You should never use ibuprofen longer than 3 days. To prevent childhood caries, infants should not be given bottles while falling asleep.
A nurse is teaching a parent of a 6-month-old infant about car seat safety. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "Our car seat is an infant model and is anchored in the car." B. "Our car seat is front-facing in the back seat." C. "I can fit my hand between the baby and the car seat harness." D. "The car seat is rear-facing in the front passenger seat."
B. "Our car seat is front-facing in the back seat."
A nurse is assessing a 2.5 year old (30 months) toddler at a well-child visit. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? A. Height increased by 7.5 cm (3 in) in the past year. B. Head circumference exceeds chest circumference. C. Anterior and posterior fontanels are closed. D. Current weight equals four times the birth weight
B. Head circumference exceeds chest circumference. The head and chest circumference should be equal by age 1 to 2, with the chest circumference continuing to increase in size until it exceeds the head circumference. So by this age 2.5 you would report this finding to the provider. Everything else is WNL for toddler physical development. ATI RN NURSING CARE OF CHILDREN pg 21
A nurse is assessing a 10-month-old infant. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? A. The infant is unable to imitate animal sounds. B. The infant does not sit steadily without support. C. The infant cannot turn pages in a book. D. The infant cannot build a tower of three or four cubes
B. The infant does not sit steadily without support Rationale: An 8-month old should be able to sit steadily without support. A 10-month-old infant should be able to change from a prone to sitting position, stand while holding onto furniture, and life one foot while standing. A 12-month-old should be able to imitate animal sounds and turn pages in a book. A 18-month-old should be able to build a tower of three or four cubes
A nurse is assessing a 15-month-old toddler. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? A. The toddler cannot build a tower of six to seven cubes. B. The toddler cannot stand upright without support. C. The toddler cannot jump with both feet. D. The toddler cannot turn a doorknob.
B. The toddler cannot stand upright without support Rationale this is to be expected by 15 months if not achieved it can be indicative of a developmental delay. (build a tower of 6-7 cubes at 24 months; jump with both feet at 30 months; turn a doorknob at 24 months)
A nurse is caring for a 2-year-old child who is hospitalized and throws a tantrum when his parent leaves. Which of the following toys should the nurse provide to alleviate the child's stress? A. Set of building blocks B. Toy hammer and pounding board C. Picture book about hospitals D. Stuffed animal
B. Toy hammer and pounding board All toys are age appropriate, but a toy hammer and pounding board helps the child to express the anger and frustration he feels about the parent leaving but lacks the verbal ability to express.
A nurse is caring for a toddler who is having difficulty sleeping during hospitalization. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to promote sleep? A. Explain the source of the toddler's fears. B. Turn off the room light. C. Provide bedtime rituals. D. Encourage play exercises in the evening.
C. Provide bedtime rituals.
A nurse is teaching an assistive personnel to measure a newborn's respiratory rate. Which of the following statements indicates an understanding of why the respiratory rate should be counted for a complete minute? A. "Newborns are abdominal breathers." B. "Newborns do not expand their lungs fully with each respiration." C. "Activity will increase the respiratory rate." D. "The rate and rhythm of breath are irregular in newborns."
D. "The rate and rhythm of breath are irregular in newborns" Rationale: Newborns have an irregular respiratory rate and rhythm. Therefore, counting the respiratory rate for a complete minute is recommended to obtain an accurate rate Other options are correct, however have no impact on obtaining a respiratory rate
A nurse in a clinic is assessing a 7-month-old infant. Which of the following indicates a need for further evaluation? A. Uses a unidextrous grasp B. Has a fear of strangers C. Shows preferences towards foods D. Babbles one-syllable sounds
D. Babbles one-syllable sounds Rationale: A 7-month-old infant should babble in chained syllables such as mama and baba, and babble four distinct vowel sounds, therefore, this finding indicates a need for further evaluation
Parents tell the nurse that their toddler eats little at mealtimes, only sits at the table with the family briefly, and wants snacks "all the time." The nurse should recommend that the parents: a. Give her planned, frequent, and nutritious snacks. b. Offer rewards for eating at mealtimes. c. Avoid snacks so she is hungry at mealtimes. d. Explain to her in a firm manner what is expected of her.
a. Give her planned, frequent, and nutritious snacks. Most toddlers exhibit a physiological anorexia in response to the decreased nutritional requirements associated with the slower growth rate. Parents should assist the child in developing health eating habits. Toddlers are often unable Ch 11 hockenberry 11th
A 16 year old girl comes to the pediatric clinic for info on birth control. The nurse knows that before this young woman can be examined, consent must be obtained from which source? a. Herself b. Her mother c. Court order d. Legal guardian
a. Herself Contraceptive advice is one of the conditions that is considered medically emancipated. The adolescent is able to provide her own informed consent.
According to Erikson, the psychosocial task of adolescence is developing what? a. Identity b. Intimacy c. Initiative d. Independence
a. Identity Traditional psychosocial theory holds that the developmental crisis of adolescence lead to formation of a sense of identity. Intimacy is developmental stage for early adulthood. Independence is not one of Erikson's developmental stages.
What is the leading cause of death during the toddler period? a. Injuries b. Infectious diseases c. Childhood diseases d. Congenital disorders
a. Injuries Injuries are the most common cause of death in children ages 1-4 years. Congenital disorders are 2nd. Ch 11 hockenberry 11th
A nurse is providing education about age-appropriate activities for the caregivers of a 6 year old child. Which of the following activities should the nurse include in the teaching? a. Jumping rope b. Playing card games c. Solving a jigsaw puzzle d. Joining competitive sports
a. Jumping rope Recommended activities (playing hopscotch, jumping rope, riding bicycles, and joining organized sports.) Competitive sports are more appropriate for 9-12 year olds
A child is admitted with suspected diagnosis of Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP). What is important consideration in the care of this child? a. Monitoring the parents whenever they are with the child b. Reassuring the parents whenever they are with the child c. Teaching the parents how to obtain necessary specimens d. Supporting the parents as they with diagnosis of a chronic illness
a. Monitoring the parents whenever they are with the child MSBP refers to an illness that one person fabricates or induces in another. The child must be continuously observed for development of symptoms to determine the cause. MSBP is caused by an individual harming the child for the purpose of gaining attention. Nursing staff should obtain all specimens for analyzing. This minimizes the possibility of the abuser contaminating the sample. The child must be supported through the diagnosis of MSBP. The abuser must be identified and the child protected from this individual.
The parents of a 3 month old infant report that their infant sleeps supine (Face up) but is often prone (face down) while awake. The nurses response should be based on remembering what? a. This is acceptable to encourage head control and turning over b. This is acceptable to encourage fine motor development c. This is unacceptable because of the risk of SIDS d. This is unacceptable because it does not encourage achievement of developmental milestones
a. This is acceptable to encourage head control and turning over These parents are implementing the guidelines to reduce the risk of SIDS. Infants should sleep on their backs to reduce the risk of SIDS and then be placed on their abdomens when awake to enhance achievement of milestones such as head control. These position changes encourage gross motor, not fine motor, development.
A nurse is teaching a course about safety during the school-age. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the course? (SATA) a. Gating stairs at top and bottom b. Wearing helmets when riding bicycles or skateboarding c. Riding safely in bed of pickup trucks d. Implementing firearm safety e. Wearing seatbelts
b. Wearing helmets when riding bicycles or skateboarding d. Implementing firearm safety e. Wearing seatbelts Gating stairs at top and bottom is a good safety precaution for toddlers not school age. It is never safe to ride in a pickup bed.
Parents of an 18-month-old boy tells the nurse that he says "no" to everything and has rapid mood swings. If he is scolded, he shows anger and then immediately wants to be held. What is the nurse's best interpretation of this behavior? a. This is normal behavior for his age. b. This is unusual behavior for his age. c. He is not effectively coping with stress. d. He is showing he needs more attention.
a. This is normal behavior for his age. Toddlers use distinct behaviors in the quest for autonomy. They express their will with continued negativity and us of the word no. Children at this age also have rapid mood swings. The nurse should reassure the parents that their child is engaged in expected behavior for an 18 month old. Ch 11 hockenberry 11th
According to Piaget, magical thinking is the belief of which? a. Thoughts are all powerful b. God is an imaginary friend c. Events have cause and effect d. If the skin is broken, the insides will come out
a. Thoughts are all powerful Because of their egocentrism and transductive reasoning, preschoolers believe that thoughts are all powerful. Believing God is an imaginary friend is an example of concrete thinking in preschoolers spiritual development. Cause and effect implies logical thought, not magical thinking. Believing that if the skin is broken, the insides will come out is an example of concrete thinking in development of body image. Ch 12 hockenberry 11th
Which type of play is most typical of the preschool period? a. Solitary b. Associative c. Parallel d. Team
b. Associative Associative play is a group play in similar or identical activities but without rigid organization or rules. School age children play in teams. Parallel play is that of toddlers. Solitary play is that of infants. Ch 12 hockenberry 11th
What aspects of cognition develop during adolescence? a. Ability to see things from the point of view of another b. Capability of using a future time perspective c. Capability of placing things in a sensible and logical order d. Progress from making judgements based on what they see to making judgements based on what they reason
b. Capability of using a future time perspective Adolescents are no longer restricted to the real and actual. They are also concerned with the possible; they think beyond the present . During concrete operations (age 7-11), children exhibit thought processes that enable them to see thing from the point of view of another, place things in a sensible and logical order, and progress from making judgements based on what they reason.
What is descriptive of the social development of school-age children? a. Identification with peers in minimum b. Children frequently have best friends c. Boys and girls play equally with each other d. Peer approval is not yet an influence for the child to conform
b. Children frequently have best friends Identification with peers is a strong influence in children gaining independence from parents. They also learn how to relate to people in positions of leadership and authority and how to explore ideas and the physical environment. A child's concept of appropriate sex roles is influenced by relationships with peers.
A 4-year-old bot is hospitalized with a serious bacterial infection. He tells the nurse that he is sick because he was bad. What is the nurses best interpretation of this comment? a. Sign of stress b. Common at this age c. Suggestive of maladaptation d. Suggestive of excessive discipline at home
b. Common at this age Preschoolers cannot understand the cause and effect of illness. Their egocentrism makes them think they are directly responsible for events, making them feel guilt for things outside their control. Children of this age react to stress by regressing developmentally or acting out. Maladaptation is unlikely. This comment does not imply excessive discipline at home.
A nurse is providing anticipatory guidance about child development to the parents of a toddler. Which of the following developmental tasks should the nurse include as expected of a toddler? A. Explains the difference between right and wrong B. Prints letters and numbers C. Separates easily from primary caregiver for short periods of time D. Cooperates in doing simple chores
c) Separates easily from primary care giver for short periods of time By 3 years, a toddler's psychosocial development should include the ability to accept separating from a primary care giver for short periods of time, should also be able to express likes/dislikes and begin to play with children and others outside the family. (diff btwn right & wrong is school-age, ability to write letters and numbers and simple chores is 5 years)
At which age do most infants begin to fear strangers? a. 2 months b. 4 months c. 6 months d. 12 months
c. 6 months Between ages 6-8 months, fear of strangers and stranger anxiety become prominent and are related to infants ability to discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar people. At 2 months, infants are just beginning to respond to differentially to their mothers. The infant at age 4 months is beginning the process of separation-individuation, which involves recognizing the self and mother as separate beings. 12 months is too late; the infant requires referral for evaluation if he or she does not fear strangers by this age.
At which age can most infants sit steadily unsupported? a. 4 months b. 6 months c. 8 months d. 10 months
c. 8 months Sitting erect without support is a developmental milestone usually achieved by 8 months. At age 6 months, the infant will maintain a sitting positions if propped. By 10 months , the infant can usually move from a prone to a sitting position.
What is an important consideration for the school nurse planning a class on injury prevention for adolescents? a. Adolescents generally are not risk takers b. Adolescents can anticipate the long term consequences of serious injuries c. Adolescents need to discharge energy, often at the expense of logical thinking d. During adolescence, participation in sports should be limited to prevent injuries
c. Adolescents need to discharge energy, often at the expense of logical thinking The physical, sensory and psychomotor development of adolescents provides a sense of strength and confidence. There is also an increase in energy coupled with risk taking that puts them at risk. Adolescents are risk takers because their feelings of indestructibility interfere with understanding consequences. Sports can be a useful way for adolescents to discharge energy. Care must be taken to avoid overuse of injuries.
What is descriptive of the play of school age children? a. They like to invent games, making up the rules as they go b. Individuality in play is better tolerated than at earlier ages c. Knowing the rules of a game gives an important sense of belonging d. Team play helps children learn the universal importance of competition and winning
c. Knowing the rules of a game gives an important sense of belonging Play involves increased physical skill, intellectual ability, and fantasy. Children form groups and cliques and develop a sense of belonging to a team or club. At this age, children begin to see the need for rules. Conformity and ritual permeate their play. Their games have fixed and unvarying rules, which may be bizarre and extraordinarily rigid. With team play, children learn about competition and the importance of winning, attribute highly valued in the U.S. but not all cultures.
A nurse is assessing the psychosocial development of a toddler. The nurse should recognize that this stage is characterized by which of the following? A. Imaginary playmates B. Erikson's stage of initiative versus guilt C. Demonstrations of sexual curiosity D. Negative behaviors characterized by the need for autonomy
d) Negative behaviors characterized by the need for autonomy Assertion of autonomy is seen in toddlers as they begin their language and social development.(imaginary playmates at 4-5 yrs; initiative vs guilt & sexual curiosity is preschool-aged)
Which characteristic best describes the fine motor skills of an infant at age 5 months? a. Neat pincer grasp b. Strong grasp reflex c. Builds a tower of two cubes d. Able to grasp object voluntarily
d. Able to grasp object voluntarily At age 5 months, the infant should be able to voluntarily grasp an object. The grasp reflex is present in the first 2 to 3 months of life. Gradually, the reflex becomes voluntary. The neat pincer grasp is not achieved until age 11 months. At age 12 months, an infant will attempt to build a tower of two cubes but will most likely be unsuccessful.
The developmental task with which the child of 15-30 months is likely to be struggling is a sense of which? a. Trust b. Initiative c. Intimacy d. Autonomy
d. Autonomy Autonomy versus shame and doubt is the developmental task of toddlers. Trust versus mistrust is the developmental stage of infancy. Initiative versus guilt is the developmental stage of early childhood. Intimacy and solidarity versus isolation is the developmental stage of early adulthood. Ch 11 hockenberry 11th
In terms of fine motor development, what could the 3-year-old child be expected to do? a. Tie shoelaces. b. Use scissors or a pencil very well. c. Draw a person with seven to nine parts. d. Copy (draw) a circle.
d. Copy (draw) a circle. 3 year children are able to accomplish the fine motor skill of copying (drawing) a circle. Shoelaces, using scissors or a pencil very well, and drawing a person with 7-9 parts are fine motor skills for a 5 year old. Ch 12 hockenberry 11th
A parent asks the nurse about negativism in toddlers. What is the most appropriate recommendation? a. Punish the child b. Provide more attention c. Ask child not to always say no d. Reduce the opportunities for a no answer
d. Reduce the opportunities for a no answer The nurse should suggest to the parent that questions should be phrased with realistics choices rather than yes or no answers. This provides a sense of control for the toddler and reduces the opportunity for negativism. Negativism is not an indication of stubborness or insolence and shouldn't be punished nor a function of attention. The child is testing limits to gain an understanding of the world. The toddler is too young to comply with requests not say no. Ch 11 hockenberry 11th
A nurse is caring for an 18-month-old toddler who has been hospitalized for 10 days. After the toddler's mother leaves the room, the nurse observes the toddler sitting quietly in the corner of the crib, sucking her thumb. When the nurse approaches the crib, the toddler turns away from the nurse. The nurse should understand that these behaviors indicate which of the following developmental reactions? A. An anxiety reaction B. Regression C. Resentment toward the mother D. Developing autonomy
A. An anxiety reaction Rationale : separation anxiety is an added stress along with the stress of hospitalization the toddler maybe demonstrate emotions of despair by remaining sad and quiet.
A nurse is assessing a 6-month-old infant at a well-child visit. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A. Closed posterior fontanel B. Uses thumb and index fingers in a pincer grasp C. Lateral incisors D. Sitting steadily without support
A. Closed posterior fontanel posterior fontanel should close by about 8 weeks of age. (A 9-month-old infant should be able to use his thumb and index fingers in a crude pincer grasp; develop upper lateral incisors between 9 and 13 months of age and lower lateral incisors at 10 to 16 months; 8-month-old infant should be able to sit without support)
A nurse is assessing a 3-month-old infant. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? A. Inability to raise head when in prone position B. Inability to sit without support C. Inability to pick up an object with her fingers D. Inability to bring an object to her mouth
A. Inability to raise head when in prone position A 3-month-old infant should be able to raise her head and shoulders from prone position. (should be able to sit without support at 8 months; should be able to grasp objects w fingers at 6 months; should be able to bring objects to her mouth at 4 months)
A nurse is providing health promotion teaching to the parents of a toddler. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) A. Management of tantrums B. How to establish trust C. How to encourage cooperative play D. Dental care E. Need for increased caloric intake
A. Management of tantrums D. Dental care
A nurse teaching the parents of a 10-month-old infant about home safety. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) A. Serve food in small, non-circular pieces. B. Tie plastic bags in knots before discarding them. C. Install accordion style gates. D. Set the water heater at 65.6° C (150° F). E. Fit the mattress so that it is snug against the sides of the crib.
A. Serve food in small, non-circular pieces. B. Tie plastic bags in knots before discarding them. E. Fit the mattress so that it is snug against the sides of the crib. Rationale:Serve food in small, non-circular pieces is correct. Infants have small airways. Food items are a common cause of aspiration. The foods most associated with choking and aspiration are hot dogs, candy, nuts, and grapes.Tie plastic bags in knots before discarding them is correct. Tying the bags in knots prevents the child from placing the plastic over her head.Install accordion style gates is incorrect. This type of gate can cause the child to pinch herself or to become entangled in the openings.Set the water heater at 65.6° C (150° F) is incorrect. Water heaters should be set to a temperature of 48.9° C (120° F) or lower to prevent burns.Fit the mattress so that it is snug against the sides of the crib is correct. The mattress should be fit snugly to prevent the child from being caught between the slats of the crib and the mattress.
A nurse is collecting data from an infant at a well-child visit. The nurse should understand that birth weight typically doubles by what age? A. 3 months B. 6 months C. 9 months D. 12 months
a) 3 years At age 3, children can typically ascend stairs using alternating feet but still descend by placing both feet on each step.(By age 4, children can descend stairs using alternating feet and holding the railing; By age 5, children's balance improves, but continue hold the railing when ascending and descending stairs; At age 6, balance improves so that children are proficient at ascending and descending stairs)
A toddler, age 16 months, falls down a few stairs. He gets up and scolds the stairs as if they caused him to fall. What is this an example of? a. Animism b. Ritualism c. Delayed cognitive development d. Irreversibility
a. Animism Animism is the attribution of lifelike qualities to inanimate objects. By scolding the stairs, the toddler is attributing human characteristics to them. Ritualism is the need to maintain sameness and reliability. It provides a sense of comfort to toddlers. Irreversibility is the inability to reverse or undo actions initiated physically. The toddler is acting in an age appropriate.
A nurse is assessing a toddler at a well-child visit. At what point in the physical examination should the nurse examine the child's tympanic membrane? a. At the end b. At the beginning c. before examining the head and neck d. Before auscultating the chest and abdomen
a. At the end Rational:Save invasive procedure for last- part of modified Head-to-toe approach
The school nurse needs to obtain authorization for a child who requires medications while at school. From whom does the nurse obtain the authorization? a. The parents b. The pharmacist c. The school administrator d. The prescribing practitioner
a. The parents A child who requires medication during the school day requires written authorization from the parent or guardian. Most schools also require that the medication be in the original container appropriately labeled by the pharmacist and physician. Some schools allow children to receive OTC meds. The child is a minor therefore parental consent is required.
What is descriptive of nutritional requirements of preschool children? a. The quality of the food consumed is more important than the quantity b. The average daily intake of preschoolers should be about 3000 calories c. Nutritional requirements for preschoolers are very different from requirments for toddlers. d. Requirements for calories per unit of body weight increases slightly during the preschool period
a. The quality of the food consumed is more important than the quantity Parents need to be reassured that the quality of food eaten is more important than the quantity. Children are able to self regulate their intake when offered foods high in nutritional value. The average daily caloric intake should be approx 1800 cals. Toddlers and preschoolers have similar nutritional requirements. There is an overall slight decrease in needed calories and fluids during the preschool period.
What statement best describes the relationship school-age children have with their families? a. Ready to reject parental controls b. Desire to spend equal time with family and peers c. Need and want restrictions placed on their behavior by the family d. Peer group replaces the family as the primary influence in setting standards of behavior and rules
c. Need and want restrictions placed on their behavior by the family School age children need and want restrictions placed on their behavior , and they are not prepared to cope with all the problems of their expanding environment. Although increased independence is the goal of middle childhood, they feel more secure knowing that an authority figure can implement controls and restriction. In the middle school years, children prefer peer group activities oveto family activities and want to spend more time with peers. Family value systems usually take precedence over peer value systems.
Although a 14-month-old girl received a shock from an electrical outlet recently, her parents find her about to place a paper clip in another outlet. The best interpretation of this behavior is: a. Her cognitive development is delayed. b. This is typical behavior because toddlers are not very developed. c. This is typical behavior because of inability to transfer knowledge to new situations. d. This is not typical behavior because toddlers should know better than to repeat an act that caused pain.
c. This is typical behavior because of inability to transfer knowledge to new situations. This is typical behavior for a toddler, who is only somewhat aware of a causal relation between events. Her cognitive development is appropriate for her age.
In terms of gross motor development, what should the nurse expect an infant age 5 months to do? a. Sit erect without support b. Roll from the back to the abdomen c. Turn from the abdomen to the back d. Move from a prone to a sitting position
c. Turn from the abdomen to the back Rolling from the abdomen to the back is developmentally appropriate for an infant at age 6 months. Sitting erect without support is a developmental milestone usually achieved by 8 months. A 10 month old infant can usually move from a prone to a sitting position.
Which characteristic best describes the gross motor skills of a 24 month old child? a. Skips b. Broad jumps c. Rides tricycle d. Walks up and down stairs
d. Walks up and down stairs A 24 month old child can go up and down stairs alone with two feet on each step. Skipping and broad jumping are skills acquired at age 3 years. Tricycle riding is achieved at age 4. Ch 11 hockenberry 11th
