Blood

Which part of the hemoglobin molecule binds carbon dioxide for transport?

amino acids of the globin

In the case of severe blood loss in a patient with an unknown blood type, which of the following would be the best treatment to restore the patient's blood volume and oxygen carrying capacity?

an immediate transfusion of type O blood

Erythropoietin (EPO) stimulates the developmental process shown here. What part of the body does erythropoietin (EPO) target to increase erythropoiesis?

bone marrow

With respect to ABO and Rh blood groups, there are __________ different blood types.

eight

Diapedesis is the process by which red blood cells move into tissue spaces from the interior of blood capillaries.

false

Bilirubin is released into the bloodstream as old or damaged red blood cells are broken down by macrophages. Which organ is responsible for removing bilirubin from the blood stream?

(liver)As RBCs are broken down, the heme of their hemoglobin is split off from globin. Its core of iron is salvaged and stored for reuse. The balance of the heme group is degraded to bilirubin, a yellow pigment that is released into the blood. Liver cells pick up the bilirubin and in turn secrete it (in bile) into the intestine, where it is metabolized to urobilinogen. Most of this degraded pigment leaves the body in feces, as a brown pigment called stercobilin.

A person who lacks agglutinogen A but has agglutinogen B would have blood type __________.

B

Choose the statement that is true concerning hemoglobin. A. It is found in the plasma portion of blood. B. It can bind a maximum of three oxygen molecules. C. When hemoglobin is not bound to oxygen, it appears blue. D. It is composed of four protein chains and four heme groups.

D. It is composed of four protein chains and four heme groups.

A person with A+ blood has _______. A. anti-B antibodies B. Rh antigen on the surface of the red blood cells C. the A antigen on the surface of the red blood cells D. all of the above

D. all the above

Which of these makes up the greatest portion of whole blood by volume? A. platelets B. erythrocytes C. leukocytes D. plasma

D. plasma

In a centrifuged sample of blood, what should not be in the plasma portion of the sample? A. albumin B. fibrinogen C. electrolytes D. platelets

D. platelets

You are awaiting the white blood cell differential results for a patient who presented with a ruptured appendix and peritonitis. Which type of leukocyte do you expect to be most elevated over its normal value?

Neutrophils

Which blood type is generally called the universal donor?

O negative

Which of the following would you expect to have the least effect on hematocrit percentage?

Prolonged or excessive fever

What will happen if an adult patient with type A blood is given a transfusion with type AB blood?

The anti-B agglutinins in the patient's blood plasma will attack the healthy AB blood cells by binding to the B agglutinogens.

Oxyhemoglobin _______.

has oxygen attached to the iron atom

Higher viscosity of blood will increase the amount of stress placed on the heart while it is pumping. Viscosity of blood is highest when ________.

hematocrit is highest

What part of the pathway to produce platelets is shared with other formed elements?

hematopoietic stem cell (hemocytoblast)

What is the name of the protein found in erythrocytes that transports respiratory gases and provides the red color?

hemoglobin

Which of the following does NOT result in an increase in hemoglobin levels?

hyperthyroidism

With a patient that is administered an injection of erythropoietin (EPO) you would expect to see ________.

increased hematocrit

All of the following can be expected with polycythemia EXCEPT ________.

low blood viscosity

A person with type O blood has _______.

neither A nor B agglutinogens

A newborn with type A blood would have which agglutinins present in the plasma immediately after birth?

neither anti-A nor anti-B agglutinins

Which body activity would be most affected if a patient lacked an adequate number of erythrocytes (anemia)?

oxygen transport

Which of these develops from lymphoid stem cells?

plasma cells

What enzyme is responsible for dissolving the blood clot after regeneration of the vessel wall is complete?

plasmin

What is the complete hemoglobin molecule composed of?

polypeptide chains (globins), heme groups, and iron ions

A mismatch of blood types during a transfusion is dangerous because ________.

preformed antibodies in the recipient's blood will bind and clump (agglutinate) the donated cells

Blood reticulocyte counts provide information regarding ________.

rate of erythrocyte formation

What triggers erythropoietin (EPO) release that leads to the production of new red blood cells?

reduced availability of oxygen

What is a young, anucleate erythrocyte called?

reticulocyte

Hemostasis is important for __________.

stoppage of bleeding

What specifically determines a person's ABO blood group?

the presence or absence of A or B agglutinogens in the blood cell plasma membrane

What protein involved in coagulation provides the activation for the final step in clotting?

thrombin

What factor stimulates platelet formation?

thrombopoietin

The term leukemia refers to a group of cancerous conditions involving overproduction of abnormal white blood cells.

true

When erythrocytes are destroyed, some of the heme is converted into bilirubin and then secreted as bile.

true

Each hemoglobin molecule can carry ______________ oxygen molecule(s).

4

A person with type AB blood has _______.

A and B antigens and neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies.

Which of the following is NOT regulated by blood? A. nutrient levels B. body temperature C. pH level D. fluid volume

A. nutrient levels

Which ABO blood type is considered to be the universal recipient?

AB

Which of the following scenarios could result in HDN (hemolytic disease of the newborn)? A. O-positive female pregnant with a B-positive baby B. B-negative female pregnant with an AB-positive baby C. AB-negative female pregnant with an AB-negative baby D. A-positive female pregnant with a B-positive baby

B. B-negative female pregnant with an AB-positive baby

Which of the following leukocyte is not correctly matched with its function? A. lymphocytes: immune response against viral infections B. neutrophils: produce antibodies C. monocytes: develop into macrophage D. basophils: inflammation

B. neutrophils: produce antibodies

What is a hematocrit? A. A hematocrit is the percentage of leukocytes and platelets in a whole blood sample. B. A hematocrit is the percentage of plasma in a whole blood sample. C. A hematocrit is the percentage of erythrocytes in a whole blood sample. D. A hematocrit is the percentage of all formed elements in a whole blood sample.

C. A hematocrit is the percentage of erythrocytes in a whole blood sample.

Which of the following would NOT lead to a bleeding disorder? A. vitamin K deficiency B. impaired liver function C. excess calcium in the diet D. thrombocytopenia

C. excess calcium in the diet

Which of the following is NOT a normal characteristic of blood? A. 5 million erythrocytes per microliter B. tastes metallic, or salty C. neutral pH of 7.0 D. more viscous than water

C. neutral pH of 7.0

Which of the following anemias is correctly matched with its description? A. aplastic anemia: results from excessive blood loss B. hemorrhagic anemia: results from red blood cells rupturing C. pernicious anemia: results from a vitamin B12 deficiency D. hemolytic anemia: results from inadequate iron intake

C. pernicious anemia: results from a vitamin B12 deficiency

The normal RBC "graveyard" is the liver.

False, spleen

Jenny, a healthy young woman, had a battery of tests during a physical for a new job. Her RBC count was at the higher end of the normal range at that time, but four weeks later it was substantially elevated beyond that. When asked if any circumstances had changed in her life, she admitted to taking up smoking. How might her new habit explain her higher RBC count?

The frequent hypoxia resulting from inhalation of oxygen-poor smoke is causing secondary polycythemia.

Why is liver dysfunction associated with bleeding disorders?

The liver is the primary source of clotting factors, which are required in sufficient numbers for coagulation.

If a patient with type B blood received a transfusion of AB blood, which of the following would occur?

The patient's anti-A antibodies (agglutinins) will agglutinate with the A antigens (antiglutinogens) in the donor blood.

Fred's blood was determined to be AB positive. What does this mean?

There are no antibodies to A, to B, or to Rh antigens in the plasma.

Leukopenia is an abnormally low number of leukocytes.

True

Mature erythrocytes do NOT contain mitochondria or a nucleus.

True